U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

OFFICE  OF  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS— BULLETIN  NO.  112. 

A.  C.  TRUE,  Director. 


Agricultural  Experiment  Stations 


FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING  OFFICE. 


OFFICE  OF  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS. 

A.  C.  True,  Ph.  D. — Director. 

E.  W.  Allen,  Ph.D. — Assistant  Director  and  Editor  of  Experiment  Station  Record, 
W.  H.  Beal — Editor  of  Experiment  Station  Work  and  .Vise,  I  famous  Publications. 

EDITORIAL  DEPARTMENTS. 

E.  W.  Ai.lkn,  Ph.  D.,and  H.  W.  Lawson — Chemistry,  Dairy  Farming,  and  Dairying. 
W.  H.  Beal — Meteorolog;/,  Fertilizers  and  Soils  (includi)aj  methods  cjf  analysis),  and 
Agricultural  Engineering. 
Walter  II.  Evans,  Ph.D. — Botany  and  Diseases  of  Plants. 

C.  F.  LiANGWOBTHY,  Ph.  D. — Foods  and  Aniimd  Production. 
J.  I.  Schllte — Fit  Id  Crops. 

K.  Y.  Wilcox,  Ph.D. — Entomology  and  Veterinary  Science. 

C.  B.  Smith — Horticulture. 

D.  J.  Crosby — Agricultural  Inst  it  at  ions. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations, 

Washington,  D.  C,  April  i,  1902. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  report  on  experiment 
stations  in  foreign  countries,  prepared  under  my  direction  by  Mr.  D.  J. 
Crosby,  with  the  assistance  of  Miss  M.  T.  Spethmann.  A  part  of  the 
general  review  given  in  the  introduction  is  taken  from  an  editorial  by 
Dr.  E.  W.  Allen  in  the  Experiment  Station  Record.  The  publication 
of  a  comprehensive  account  of  the  agricultural  experiment  stations 
in  the  United  States  in  Bulletin  No.  80  of  this  Office  led  to  a  consider- 
able demand  for  information  of  this  kind  relating  to  the  stations  in 
foreign  countries,  regarding  which  published  statements  have  hitherto 
been  exceedingly  meager.  This  report  is  therefore  submitted  with 
the  recommendation  that  it  be  published  as  Bulletin  No.  112  of  this 
Office. 

Respectfully,  A.  C.  True, 

Director. 

Hon.  James  Wilson. 

Secrt  t<i fii  of  ^  VgricvZture. 

3 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 


Key  to  abbreviations   20 

Introduction   21 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc.,  in  foreign 

countries,  with  lists  of  officers,  origin,  equipment,  income,  and  lines  of  work.  29 

Algeria   29 

Algiers:  Agricultural  and  (Enological  Station   29 

Roui'ba  .   29 

Botanical  Experiment  Station   29 

Agricultural  School  and  Experiment  Station   29 

Setif :  Experiment  Garden   30 

Argentina   30 

La  Plata:  Office  of  Agronomy  and  Animal  Husbandry   30 

Australia   30 

New  South  Wales   30 

Sydney:  The  New  South  Wales  Department  of  Agriculture   30 

Richmond:  The  Hawkesbury  Agricultural  College  and  Experi- 
mental Farm   31 

State  Farms   32 

Sydney   33 

Botanic  Gardens  and  Domains   33 

Technological  Museum   33 

Queensland   33 

Brisbane   33 

The  Queensland  Department  of  Agriculture   33 

Botanic  Gardens   34 

Acclimatization  Society   34 

Botanic  Gardens  (Department)   34 

Gatton:  Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Farm   34 

State  Farms     35 

Rockhampton:  Acclimatization  Society's  Gardens   36 

South  Australia   36 

Adelaide....   36 

T]?3  South  Australia  Central  Agricultural  Bureau   36 

Botanic  Garden   36 

Port  Darwin:  Botanic  Gardens   36 

Roseworthy:  Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm   36 

Tasmania   37 

Ilobart   37 

Tasmanian  Council  of  Agriculture   37 

Botanic  Gardens   37 

5 


6 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Australia — Continued.  Page. 

Victoria   37 

Melbourne:  The  Department  of  Agriculture  of  Victoria   37 

Dookie:  Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm   38 

Melbourne   38 

National  Herbarium   38 

Botanic  Gardens   38 

Western  Australia   38 

Perth:  The  Western  Australia  Department  of  Agriculture   3S 

Drakesbrook:  Experimental  Farm   38 

Austria   39 

Vienna:  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture   39 

Bregenz:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   39 

Bri'inn:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Culture   40 

Czernowitz:  Seed  Control  Station   40 

Dublany,  near  Lemberg:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Con- 
trol Station   40 

Feldsberg:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Sta- 
tion   41 

Goritz:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   41 

Gratz:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station. .  42 

Jungbunzlau:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. .  <   42 

Kaaden:  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station   42 

Klagenfurt:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   43 

Klosterneuburg:  Chemical   Physiological   Experiment   Station  for 

Grape  and  Fruit  Growing   43 

Laibach:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  for  Carniola   43 

Leitmeritz :  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  ami  Seed  Control  sta- 
tion   44 

Lemberg:  Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station   44 

Lobositz:  Prince  Schwarzenberg  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment 

Station   45 

Marburg-on-the-Drave :  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed 

Control  Station   45 

Mariabrunn:  Forestry  Experiment  Institute   45 

Neutitschein   46 

Moravian  Seed  Control  Station   48 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   40 

Oberhermsdorf :  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  station   46 

Otterbach,  near  Scharding:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Sta- 
tion   46 

Parenzo:  Agricultural  Institute  and  Experiment  Station   47 

Pilsen:  Chemical  Laboratory   47 

Prague   48 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station   48 

Agricultural  Physiological  Experiment  Station   48 

Experiment  Station  for  the  Sugar  Industry   48 

Experiment  Station  lor  the  Distilling  Industry   49 

Experiment  station  for  the  Brewing  [nduetry   49 

I 'reran:  Agricultural  Seed  Control  Station   50 

st.  Michael-un-the-Kts.h:  Agricultural  Institute  and  Experiment  Sta- 
tion   ™ 

Spajato:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   60 


CONTENTS. 


7 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Austria — Continued.  Page. 

Tabor   51 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station   51 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station   51 

Tetschen-Liebwerd :  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   52 

Trautenau:  Experiment  Station  for  Flax  Culture   52 

Troppau :  Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station .  52 

Vienna   53 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   53 

Seed  Control  Station  ( Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station )  _  53 

Chemical  Technical  Experiment  Station   54 

Austrian  Experiment  Station  and  Academy  for  the  Brewing 

Industry   54 

Agricultural  Bacteriological  and  Plant  Protection  Station   55 

Belgium   56 

Brussels:  Belgian  Ministry  of  Agriculture   56 

Antwerp:  Analytical  Laboratory   57 

Bruges:  Agricultural  and  Hygienic  Laboratory   57 

Courtrai:  Agricultural  and  Hygienic  Laboratory   57 

Gembloux  „   57 

Institute  of  Chemistry  and  Bacteriology   57 

Dairy  Station   58 

Analytical  Laboratory   59 

Ghent   59 

Provincial  Experimental  Garden   59 

Analytical  Laboratory   59 

Hasselt:  Analytical  Laboratory   60 

Liege:  Analytical  Laboratory   60 

Lou  vain:  Analytical  Laboratory   61 

Mons:  Analytical  Laboratory   61 

Roulers:  Provincial  Agricultural  Laboratory   62 

St.  Nicolas   62 

Garden  of  the  Society  for  Vegetable  Culture   62 

Agricultural  and  Hygienic  Laboratory   62 

Bosnia  and  Herzegovina:  Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Stations   62 

Brazil   65 

Campinas   65 

Agricultural  Station   65 

Agricultural  Institute  of  Sao  Paulo   65 

Itabira:  Agricultural  Institute   66 

San  Vicente:  Botanical  Garden   66 

Sao  Carlos:  Experimental  and  Demonstration  Field  of  the  Cultivators' 

Club   66 

Tremembi,  near  Sao  Paulo:  Botanical  Garden   66 

Uberaba:  Zootechnic  Institute   66 

British  Guiana   66 

Berbice:  Botanic  Gardens  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments   66 

Georgetown:  Botanic  Gardens   67 

British  Honduras   67 

Belize:  Botanic  Station   67 

British  West  Indies   67 

Barbados:  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture   67 

Antigua:  Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments   68 

Dodd's  Reformatory,  Barbados:  Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane 

Experiments   68 


8  CONTENTS. 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

British  West  Indies — Continued.  Vage. 

Dominica:  Botanic  Station   09 

Grenada:  Botanic  Station   69 

Kingston,  Jamaica:  Department  of  Public  Gardens  and  Plantations..  69 

Montserrat:  Experiment  Stations   70 

St.  Kitts-Nevis:  Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments   70 

St.  Lucia:  Botanic  Station   70 

St.  Vim-cut:  Botanic  Station     70 

Tobago:  Botanic  Station   70 

Tortola:  Experiment  Station   71 

Trinidad:  Royal  Botanic  Gardens  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments   71 

Bulgaria   71 

Plevna:  Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  School   71 

Rustchuk:  Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  School   71 

Sadova:  Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  School   71 

Canada   71 

Ottawa   71 

Department  of  Agriculture   71 

Central  Experimental  Farm   72 

Branch  Experimental  Farms   73 

Agassiz:  Experimental  Farm  for  British  Columbia   7."> 

Brandon:  Experimental  Farm  for  .Manitoba   7.'! 

Indian  Head:  Experimental  Farm  lor  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tories  73 

Nappan:  Experimental  Farm  for  the  Maritime  Provinces...  74 

Calgary:  Irrigation  Experiment  Station   74 

Guelph   74 

Ontario  Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm   74 

Ontario  Agricultural  and  Experimental  Union   7-"> 

Montreal:  University  Botanic  Garden   70 

Ontario  Fruit  Experiment  Stations   70 

Ottawa:  Botanic  Garden   77 

Truro:  Provincial  Farm   77 

Wolf vi He:  Nova  Scotia  School  of  Horticulture   77 

('ape  of  Good  Hope   77 

Cape  Town   77 

Department  of  Agriculture   77 

Analytical  Laboratory   7S 

Cape  Government  Herbarium   78 

Flsenburg:  School  of  Agriculture   7S 

Ceylon   78 

Peradeniya:  Department  of  Royal  Botanic  Gardens   78 

Chile   70 

Santiago:  Agronomic  Station,  Chemical  Laboratory,  and  Veterinary 

Hospital   70 

1  >enmark   80 

Copenhagen:  Department  of  Agriculture  -    B0 

Aarhus:  Moor  Experiment  Station   so 

Ascov:  Experiment  station   so 

CojM'nhagen   80 

Agricultural  and  Fxperimental  Laboratory   SO 

Chemical  Laboratory  and  Control  Station   81 

Seed  Control  Station   HI 

Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Physiology   82 

Carlsberg  Physiological  Laboratory   S2 


CONTENTS.  9 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Denmark — Continued.  Page. 

Lyngby:  Experiment  Station   82 

Tystofte:  Experiment:  Station   82 

Yester-Hassing:  Experiment  Station   83 

Egypt   83 

Cairo:  Khedivial  Agricultural  Society   83 

France   83 

Paris:  Ministry  of  Agriculture   83 

Alais:  Station  for  Sericulture   84 

Amiens:  Agricultural  Station   84 

Arras:  Agricultural  Station   84 

Auxerre:  Agricultural  Station   85 

Banyuls:  Fish  Culture  Station   85 

Beaune:  OEnological  Station  of  Bourgogne   85 

Besancon:  Agricultural  Station  of  Franche-Comte   85 

Bethune:  Agricultural  Laboratory   86 

Blois:  Agricultural  Station    86 

Bordeaux:  Agricultural  and  CEnologieal  Station   86 

Boulogne-sur-Mer   87 

Fish  Culture  Station   87 

Agricultural  Laboratory   87 

Caen:  Agricultural  Station   87 

Capelle:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   88 

Chalons:  Agricultural  Laboratory   88 

Chartres:  Agricultural  Station   88 

Chateauroux:  Agricultural  Station   88 

Cluny:  Agricultural  Laboratory   89 

Cognac:  Station  for  Viticulture   89 

Commercy:  Agricultural  Laboratory   89 

Dijon:  Agricultural  Station   89 

Endoume:  Marine  Zoological  Laboratory   90 

Epinal:  Agricultural  Laboratory   90 

Foix:  Agricultural  Laboratory   90 

Fontainebleau:  Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Physiology   91 

Grignon:  Agricultural  Station   91 

Juvisy:  Station  of  Agricultural  Climatology   92 

Laon :  Agricultural  Station  and  Bacteriological  Laboratory   92 

Laval:  Agricultural  Laboratory   93 

Les  Sables  d'Olonne:  Zoological  Laboratory   93 

Lezardeaux:  Agricultural  Station   93 

Lille:  Agricultural  Station   93 

Lyon:  Agricultural  Station   94 

Mamirolle:  Dairy  Station   94 

Manosque:  Station  for  Sericulture   94 

Marseille   94 

Agricultural  Laboratory   94 

Laboratory  for  Technical  Tests   94 

Melun:  Agricultural  Station   95 

Meudon:  Station  of  Vegetable  Physiology   95 

Montpellier   95 

CEnologieal  Station   95 

Station  for  Sericulture   96 

Agricultural  Station   96 


10 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

France — Continued.  Page. 

Nancy:  Agricultural  Station   97 

Nantes:  Agricultural  Station  of  the  Pasteur  Institute   97 

Narbonne:  (Enological  Station   98 

Nevers:  Agricultural  Laboratory   98 

Nimes    98 

Agricultural  Laboratory   98 

(Enological  Station   99 

Nogent-sur-Marne:  Colonial  Garden  (Colonial  ( rarden  of  Vincennes)  .  99 

Olinet:  Laboratory   100 

Orleans:  Agricultural  Laboratory   100 

Paris   100 

Station  of  Agricultural  Entomology   100 

Agricultural  Station  of  the  East   100 

Laboratory  of  Fermentations   101 

Station  of  Vegetable  Pathology   101 

Station  for  Testing  Seeds   101 

Station  for  Testing  Agricultural  Implements   102 

Laboratory  of  the  General  Transportation  Company   102 

P^tre:  Agricultural  Station   102 

Poitiers:  Agricultural  Laboratory   102 

Rennes:  Agricultural  Station   103 

Bethel:  Agricultural  Station   103 

Rouen   103 

Agricultural  Station   103 

Laboratory  of  Agricultural  Entomology   104 

Saint-Etienne:  Agricultural  Laboratory   104 

Toulouse   104 

Agricultural  Station   104 

(Enological  Station   105 

Tours:  Agricultural  Laboratory   105 

Versailles   105 

Agricultural  Laboratory   105 

Laboratory  of  Horticultural  Research   106 

Villefranche:  Station  for  Viticulture   106 

French  Kongo   106 

Libreville:  Experiment  Station   106 

German  East  Africa   106 

Usambara:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   106 

Germany    107 

Arendsee:  Seed  Control  Station   107 

Augsburg:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   108 

Augustenberg:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   108 

Berlin   109 

Institute  for  Fermentation  Industries  and  Starch  Manufacture. . .  109 

Experiment  Station  of  the  German  Agricultural  Society   109 

Experiment  Station  for  Milling   110 

Biological  Division  for  Agriculture  and  Forestry  of  the  Royal 

Board  of  Health   110 

Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Beet-Sugar  Makers'  Union  of  Ger- 
many  110 

Bernburg:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   110 


CONTENTS.  1 1 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Germany — Continued.  Page. 

Bonn   Ill 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station   Ill 

Institute  of  Animal  Physiology  ( Popplesdorf )   Ill 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Academy 

(Popplesdorf)   112 

Bremen:  Moor  Experiment  Station   112 

Bremervorde:  Seed  Control  Station  of  the  Agricultural  School   113 

Breslau   113 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station   113 

Agricultural  Experiment  and  Control  Station   113 

Agricultural  Chemical  and  Bacteriological  Institute   113 

Institute  for  Agricultural  Plant  Production   114 

University  Institute  of  Animal  Chemistry   114 

Brunswick:  Experiment  Station   114 

Colmar:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   114 

Dahme:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   115 

Danzig:  Agricultural  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station   115 

Darmstadt   115 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station   115 

Dairy  Experiment  Station   116 

Dobeln:  Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory   116 

Dresden   117 

Chemical  and  Physiological  Experiment  Station   117 

Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Culture   117 

Ebstorf:  Control  Station  for  Fertilizers,  Feeding  stuffs,  etc   117 

Eldena:  Control  Station   117 

Fried  berg:  School  for  Pomology  and  Agricultural  Winter  School   118 

Fulda:  Dairy  Experiment  Station   118 

Geisenheim-on-the-Rhine:  Experiment  Station  for  Pomology,  Viti- 
culture, and  Gardening   118 

Gottingen   119 

Animal  Physiological  Experiment  Station   119 

Kxperiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  Institute   119 

Control  Station  for  Fertilizers,  Feeding  Stuffs,  and  Seeds   120 

Halle-on-the-Salle   120 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   120 

Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Protection   121 

Physiological  Laboratory,  Experiment  Field,  and  Park  for  Do- 
mestic Animals   121 

Hamburg   122 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station   122 

Botanical  Museum  and  Laboratory  for  Commercial  Products   122 

Hamburg-Horn:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  for  the  Study  of 

Plant  Growth   122 

Hameln:  Dairy  Experiment  Station   122 

Ilildesheim:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   123 

Hohenheim:  Experiment  Stations  of  the  Agricultural  Institute   123 

Insterburg:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   124 

Jena:  Agricultural  Experiment  and  Control  Station   124 

Kaiserlautern:  District  Agricultural  Field  and  Experiment  Station  ..  L2J5 

Kempen-on-the-Rhine:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  ..  125 


12 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Germany — Continued.  Page. 

Kiel   125 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  _   125 

Seed  Control  Station   126 

Kleinhof-Tapiau:  Dairy  Experiment  Station  and  Institute   126 

Konigsberg   127 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station   127 

Dairy  Laboratory   127 

Koslin:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station.  127 

Leipzig:  Agricultural  Institute  of  the  University   128 

Marburg:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   128 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin :  Dairy  Laboratory   128 

Mockern:  Royal  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   129 

Munich   129 

Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   129 

Experiment  Station  for  Agricultural  Physics  and  Physiology   130 

Station  for  Scientific  Brewing   130 

Mi'inster:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   130 

Oldenburg-on-the-Main:  Experiment  and  Control  Station   131 

Pommritz:  Experiment  Station  for  Upper  Lustatia   131 

Posen-Jersitz:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   131 

Proskau   132 

Dairy  Institute   132 

Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Physiology   132 

Rostock:  Experiment  Station    132 

Sorau:  Flax  Culture  Station   133 

Speier:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   133 

Tharand:  Station  for  Plant  Physiology  and  Seed  Control   133 

Triesdorf:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   134 

Tubingen:  Forestry  Experiment  Station   134 

Weihenstephan:  Laboratories  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Agriculture 

and  Brewing   134 

Weinsberg:  Viticultural  Experiment  Station   135 

Wiesbaden:  Experiment  Station   135 

Wreschen:  Dairy  Institute   135 

Wurzburg:  District  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   135 

Gold  Coast   136 

Aburi:  Botanic  Garden   136 

Great  Britain   136 

London:  Board  of  Agriculture   136 

Institutions  subsidized  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture   137 

Aspley  Guise:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   138 

Cambridge:  University  Botanic  Garden   139 

Camden  Town,  London:  Royal  Veterinary  College   139 

Chelmsford:  Essex  Technical  Laboratories,  Essex  County  Council ...  139 

Cirencester:  Royal  Agricultural  College  and  Farm   139 

Dublin   140 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Technical  Instruction  for  Ireland.  140 

Royal  Dublin  Society   140 

Irish  Agricultural  Organization  Society   141 

Trinity  College  Botanic  Gardens..   141 

Edinburgh  (Pumpherston) :  Experiment  Station  of  the  Highland  and 

Agricultural  Society  of  Scotland   141 


CONTENTS.  13 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc.— Continued. 

Great  Britain — Continued.  Page. 

Edinburgh:  Royal  Botanic  Garden   141 

Glasgow   141 

The  West  of  Scotland  Agricultural  College   141 

Botanic  Gardens  :   141 

Glasnevin,  Dublin:  Royal  Botanic  Gardens   141 

Grange-over-Sands,  Lancashire:  Aynsome  Experiment  Station   141 

Harpenden:  Rothamsted  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   142 

Kew :  Royal  Gardens   142 

Norwood:  Botanical  Department,  Royal  Agricultural  Society   146 

Oxford:  University  Botanic  Garden    146 

Woburn:  Woburn  Experimental  Fruit  Farm   146 

Hungary   146 

Budapest:  Ministry  of  Agriculture   146 

Altenburg   147 

Plant  Culture  Experiment  Station   147 

Experiment  Station  for  Agricultural  Implements   147 

Station  for  Seed  Control  and  Plant  Physiology  and  Pathology  . . .  147 

Chemical  Experiment  Station   148 

Budapest  '.   148 

Entomological  Station   148 

Station  for  Animal  Physiology  and  Nutrition   148 

Central  Seed  Control  Institution   149 

Chemical  Experiment  Station   149 

Debreczen   150 

Experiment  Station  for  Tobacco  Culture   150 

Chemical  Experiment  Station   150 

Fiume:  Chemical  Experiment  Station   150 

Kaschau:  Chemical  Experiment  Station   151 

Keszthely:  Chemical  Experiment  Station   151 

Klausenburg:  Chemical  Experiment  Station   151 

Pressburg:  Chemical  Experiment  Station  .   151 

Selmeczbanya:  Central  Station  of  Forestry   151 

India   '151 

Agra:  Taj  Garden   151 

Allahabad:  Botanic  Garden   151 

Bangalore   152 

Mysore  Department  of  Agriculture   152 

Botanic  Gardens   152 

Baroda:  Botanic  Garden   152 

Bombay:  Municipal  Garden   152 

Calcutta:  Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  India   152 

Cawnpore:  Botanic  Gardens   152 

Darbhangah:  Maharajah's  Garden   152 

Darjeeling:  Lloyd  Botanic  Garden   152 

Dumraon:  Dumraon  Experimental  Farm     152 

Ghorpuri:  Botanic  Garden   153 

Gotaiya:  Cawnpore  Experimental  Farm   153 

Gwalior:  Botanic  Garden   153 

Karachi:  Municipal  Garden   153 

Kumaon  (Ramghur):  Botanic  Garden   153 

Lahore:  Botanic  Garden   153 

Luck  now:  Government  Horticultural  Garden   154 


14 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 


India — Continued.  Page. 

Madras:  Agri-Horticultural  Society   154 

Morvi :  Botanic  Garden   154 

Mungpoo:  Government  Cinchona  Plantations   154 

Nagpur   154 

Experimental  Farm   154 

Horticultural  Gardens  of  the  Central  Provinces   155 

Ootacumund   155 

Botanic;  Garden   155 

Government  Cinchona  Plantations   155 

Pala:  Burdwan  Experimental  Farm   155 

Poona   156 

Government  Experimental  Farm   156 

Botanic  Department  of  the  College  of  Science   156 

Crop  Experiments   156 

Sana  ran  pur   156 

Botanic  Department,  Northern  India   156 

Botanic  Gardens   156 

Saidapet:  Saidapet  Experimental  Farm   156 

Shillong:  Crop  Experiments  in  Assam   157 

Sibpur   157 

Department  of  Royal  Botanic  Gardens   157 

Experimental  Farm  of  the  Civil  Engineering  College   157 

Surat:  Government  Experimental  Farm   157 

Taunggyi:  Division  of  Experimental  Cultivation   158 

Trivandrum:  Museum  and  Botanic  Gardens   158 

Udaipur:  Botanic  Garden   158 

Italy   158 

Rome:  Department  of  Agriculture,  Industries,  and  Commerce   158 

Asti:  (Enological  Station   159 

Florence:  Entomological  Station   159 

Forli:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   160 

Lodi:  Experiment  Station  for  Cheese  Making   160 

Milan:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   160 

Modena:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   161 

Padua:  Sericultural  Station   161 

Palermo:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   162 

Pavia:  Cryptogamic  Laboratory  •.   162 

Portici:  Royal  Agricultural  High  School   162 

Rome   163 

Experiment  Station  for  Vegetable  Pathology   163 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   163 

Scandicci:  Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory   164 

Turin:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   164 

Udine:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   164 

Agricultural  chemical  laboratories   164 

Japan   165 

Tokyo:  The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce   165 

Kinngasa,  near  Kyoto:  Sericultural  Institution   166 

Nishigahra,  near  Tokyo   166 

Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station..   166 

Tokyo  Sericultural  Institution   167 

Tokai  Branch  Station   168 

Other  branch  stations   168 


CONTENTS.  15 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued.  Page- 
Java    169 

Buitenzorg:  Botanic  Station   169 

Kagok,  Pekalongan:  West  Java  Sugar  Cane  Experiment  Station   170 

Klatten:  Experiment  Station  for  Indigo   171 

Pasoeroean:  East  Java  Sugar  Cane  Experiment  Station   171 

Kongo  Free  State   171 

Coquithatville:  Botanical  Garden  and  Experiment  Station   171 

Malta   171 

Sant'  Antonio  Gardens   171 

Argotti  Botanic  Garden   171 

Madagascar   172 

Nahanisana:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  ;   172 

Mauritius   172 

Curepipe:  Botanic  Gardens   172 

Pamplemousses :  Department  of  Forests  and  Botanic  Gardens   172 

Reduit   172 

Agricultural  Station   172 

Botanic  Gardens   172 

Natal   173 

Durban:  Botanic  Gardens   173 

Pietermaritzburg:  Botanic  Gardens   173 

Netherlands   173 

Classes  of  experimental  institutions   173 

Amsterdam:  Willie  Commelin  Scholten  Laboratory  of  Vegetable 

Pathology   174 

Goes:  Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   174 

Groningen:  Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   175 

Hoorn:  Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   175 

Maastricht:  Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   175 

Wageningen   176 

Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   176 

Government  Seed  Control  Station   176 

Experimental  fields   177 

New  Zealand   178 

Wellington:  New  Zealand  Department  of  Agriculture   178 

Auckland:  Colonial  Botanic  Garden   178 

Christchurch :  Colonial  Botanic  Garden   178 

Dunedin:  Colonial  Botanic  Garden   178 

Invercargill:  Colonial  Botanic  Garden   178 

Lincoln:  Canterbury  Agricultural  College   178 

Napier:  Colonial  Botanic  Garden   178 

Wairangi:  Experimental  Station   179 

Waverly :  Momohaki  Experimental  Station   179 

Wellington:  Colonial  Botanic  Garden   179 

Weraroa:  Experimental  Station   179 

Norway   180 

Christiania:  Department  of  Agriculture   180 

Aas   180 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  High  School   180 

Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Agricultural  High  School   181 

Bergen:  Milk  Control  Station   181 

.  Christiania   181 

Agricultural  Chemical  Control  Station   181 

Milk  Control  Station   182 

Seed  Control  Station   182 

Veterinary  Pathological  and  Animal  Vaccine  Institutes   L82 


16 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Norway — Continued.  Page. 

Hamar:  Seed  Control  Station   183 

Nordstrand,  near  Christiania:  Entomological  Laboratory   183 

Trondhjem   183 

Milk  Control  Station   183 

Agricultural  Chemical  Control  Station   183 

Seed  Control  Station   184 

Paraguay   184 

Asuncion:  School  of  Agriculture  and  Model  Farm   184 

Portugal   184 

Lisbon   184 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   184 

Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Pathology   185 

Mirandella:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   185 

Oporto:  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   185 

Roumania   185 

Bucharest   185 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station   185 

Chemical  Laboratory  and  Experiment  Station  for  Tobacco  Culture.  185 

Zootechnical  Institute   185 

Constante:  Experiment  Field  for  Forage  Plants  and  Irrigation   185 

Russia   185 

St.  Petersburg:  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains   185 

Abo:  Agricultural  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   187 

Aleshki:  Nursery  of  Grapevines   187 

Artvina:  Nursery  for  Olive  Trees   187 

Astrakhan:  Laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of  Fish  and  Seal  Industries   187 

Bodrowiz:  Experiment  Field   187 

Bogodukhov:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   187 

Brest:  Vuisokolitovsk  Experiment  Field   188 

Buguruslan:  Experiment  Field   188 

Byelgorod:  Experiment  Field   188 

Chojnowo:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   188 

Dmitriev:  Uyutnoe  Experiment  Field   188 

Dorogobush:  Agricultural  Chemical  Station   188 

Elabug:  Experiment  Field   189 

Eletz:  Experiment  Field  .  .   189 

Garvolonsk:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   189 

Glazov:  Experiment  Field   189 

Gorki:  Experiment  Station   189 

Gorodische:  Flax  Culture  Station   189 

Helsingfors:  Agricultural  and  Commercial  Chemical  Laboratory   190 

Karayazi:  Experiment  Cotton  Field   190 

Kazan:  Bacteriological  Station   190 

Khabarovsk:  Experiment  Field  ,                           .  190 

Khakanovsk:  Experiment  Field   190 

Kharkov   191 

Bacteriological  Station   191 

Experiment  Station   191 

Kherson:  Experiment  Field   191 

Kiev   191 

Seed  Control  Station  and  Chemical  Laboratory   191 

Seed  Control  Station   191 

Technical  Laboratory   191 


CONTENTS.  17 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Russia — Continued.  Page. 

Kishinev:  Experiment  Station   192 

Klin:  Experiment  Field   192 

Kotelnich:  Buzov  Experiment  Field   192 

Kuchurgan:  Buzinovsk  Nursery  of  Grapevines   192 

Kungura:  Experiment  Field   192 

Kutais:  Experiment  Cotton  Field   192 

Kvirila:  Sakarsk  Nursery  of  American  Vines   193 

Kyoshi:  Askhabad  Experiment  Cotton  Field   193 

Lipovetz:  Station  for  Seed  Selection  and  Experiment  Field   193 

Lokhvitza   193 

Experiment  Tobacco  Plantation   193 

Experiment  Field  for  Oil-Bearing  Plants   193 

Luga:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   194 

Lynban:  Experiment  Field   194 

Malmyzh:  Kluchi  Experiment  Field   194 

Matnaari:  Signakh  Experiment  Tobacco  Plantation   194 

R I edtzi :  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   194 

Merv:  Experiment  Cotton  Field   195 

Mitava:  Experiment  Field   195 

Mogilev:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   195 

Moscow     195 

Bacteriological  Agricultural  Station   195 

Experiment  Station   195 

Biological  Laboratory  . , .    196 

Murashkino:  Experiment  Field   196 

Mustiala:  Experiment  Station   196 

Nikolaev:  Experiment  Vineyard   196 

Nikolaevskoe:  Experiment  Station   196 

Nolinsk:  Churakov  Experiment  Field   196 

Novo-Alexandria:  Experiment  Farm   197 

Novocherkassk:  Experiment  Field   197 

Novoe-Selo:  Experiment  Garden  Farm   197 

Novosil:  Shatilov  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   197 

Odessa:  Experiment  Field   197 

.  Omsk:  Experiment  Field   198 

Orlov:  Experiment  Field   198 

Osi:  Experiment  Field   198 

Petrovsko-Razumovskoe:  Experiment  Field   198 

Ploti:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   198 

Poltava:  Experiment  Field   199 

Porkhov:  Flax  Culture  Station   199 

Riga   199 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Testing  Station   199 

Experiment  Farm   200 

Sadzhavakho:  Korei'subansk  Nursery  of  American  Vines   200 

St.  Petersburg   200 

Agricultural  Bacteriological  Laboratory   200 

Ichthyological  Laboratory   200 

Seed  Testing  Station   200 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory   201 

Samara:  Experiment  Field   201 

Smyela:  Station  for  Systematic  Selection  of  Beet  Seed    201 

22018— No.  11l>— 02  -2 


18 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Russia — Continued.  page. 

Sobieszyn,  near  lvangorod :  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station .  201 

Sochi:  Horticultural  and  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   201 

Sukhum:  Horticultural  and  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   202 

Tambov:  Experiment  Field   202 

Tashkent:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   202 

Tavastehus  (Govt.):  Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Field   202 

Terek  (Govt. ) :  Experiment  Field   202 

Tiflis:  Silk  Culture  Station   202 

Tver:  Seed  Testing  Station   203 

Urzhum:  Okum  Experiment  Field   203 

Valuiki:  Agricultural  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station   203 

Varna vin:  Experiment  Field  of  the  Vaniavin  Zemstvo    203 

Velikoe  Selo:  Peasant  Experiment  Farm   204 

Verkhosunya:  Experiment  Field   204 

Vuisokoe  Selo:  Experiment  Farm   204 

Vyatka:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station   204 

Warsaw:  Seed  Testing  Station   205 

Wesenberg:  Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory  and  Control  Station..  205 

Yalta   205 

CEnological  Chemical  Laboratory  and  Experiment  Cellar   205 

Tobacco  Experiment  Plantation   205 

Yampol:  Laboratory  of  the  Derebchina  Sugar  Factory    205 

Yuryev  (Dorpat)   205 

Chemical  Control  Station   205 

Bacteriological  Station   205 

Zvenigorod:  Station  for  Seed  Selection   206 

Experiment  fields  for  the  cultivation  of  sugar  beets  in  Poland   206 

Experiment  forests   206 

Spain   207 

Haro:  CEnological  Station   207 

Madrid   207 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  High  School   207 

Experiment  Station  for  Vegetable  Pathology   207 

Viticultural  Experiment  Station   207 

Murcia:  Sericultural  Station   207 

Straits  Settlements   207 

Penang:  Botanic  Gardens   207 

Singapore:  Botanic  Gardens   208 

Sweden   208 

Stockholm:  State  Department  of  Agriculture   208 

Albano,  near  Stockholm   208 

Entomological  Station   208 

Experiment  Station   209 

Boras:  Seed  Control  Station   209 

Finspong:  Institute  for  Fish  Culture  and  Fresh  Water  Biology   210 

Gefle:  Seed  Control  Station   210 

Goteborg:  Seed  Control  Station   210 

Halmstad :  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   210 

Hemse:  Seed  Control  Station   210 

Hernosand:  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   211 

Jonkoping   211 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Swedish  Moor  Association   211 

Seed  Control  Station   211 


CONTENTS.  19 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  departments  of  agriculture,  etc. — Continued. 

Sweden — Continued.  Page. 

Kalmar:  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   211 

Kristianstad:  Seed  Control  Station  •„   212 

Linkuping:  Seed  Control  Station   212 

Lulea:  Experiment  Station  for  Agricultural  Chemistry,  Vegetable 

Physiology,  and  Seed  Control   212 

Lund:  Seed  Control  Station   213 

Molkom:  Seed  Control  Station   213 

Ope,  near  Estersund:  Seed  Control  Station   213 

Orebro:  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   213 

Skara:  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   214 

Stockholm:  Seed  Control  Station   214 

Svalof:  Experiment  Station   211 

Ultima,  near  Upsala:  Agricultural  Institute   215 

Upsala:  Seed  Control  Station   215 

Vester&s:  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   215 

Visby:  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station   216 

Agricultural  chemical  stations  of  agricultural  societies   216 

Switzerland   216 

Bern   216 

Department  of  Commerce,  Industry,  and  Agriculture   216 

Agricultural  Chemical  Control  Station   217 

Bacteriological  Experiment  Station   217 

Lausanne   217 

Agricultural  Chemical  Station   217 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Institute   217 

Seed  Control  Station   218 

Rutti-Zollikofen:  Dairy  School   218 

Wadensweil:  Experiment  Station  and  School  for  Fruit,  Wine,  and 

Garden  Culture   219 

Zurich   220 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station   220 

Experiment  Station  for  Brewing   220 

Seed  Control  Station   220 

Tunis   221 

.  Tunis   221 

Agricultural  School   221 

Experiment  Station   221 

Zanzibar   221 

Dunga:  Agricultural  Department   221 

Victoria  Gardens   221 


KEY  TO  ABBREVIATIONS. 


Actg.,  Acting. 
A d min.,  Administrator. 
Agr.,  Agriculture,  Agriculturist,  Agricul- 
tural. 

Agron.,  Agronomy,  Agronomic. 
AgL,  Agent. 
Anal.,  Anatomy. 
Assoc.,  Associate. 
AM.,  Assistant. 

Bad.,  Bacteriology,  Bacteriologist,  Bac- 
teriological. 
Biol.,  Biology,  Biologist,  Biological. 
Bot.,  Botany,  Botanist,  Botanical. 
Chair. ,  Chai  rman . 

Chem.,  Chemist,  Chemistry,  Chemical. 
Colon.,  Colonial. 
Com.,  Commerce. 
Comr. ,  Commissioner. 
Con.,  Conductor. 

Corresp.,  Correspondent,  Correspond- 
ence. 
Cur.,  Curator. 
Dept.,  Department. 
Dir.,  Director. 
Div.,  Division. 

Econ.,  Economy,  Economic,  Economics. 
Engin.,  Engineer,  Engineering. 
Engl.,  English. 

Ent,,  Entomology,  Entomologist. 
Expt.,  Experiment,  Experimental,  Ex- 
perimentalist, Experimenter. 
Fert.,  Fertilizer. 
For.,  Forestry. 
Form.,  Foreman. 

Gard.,  Garden,  Gardener,  Gardening. 
Geol.,  Geology,  Geologist,  Geological. 
Gov.,  Governor. 
Govt.,  Government. 
Hort.,  Horticulture,  Horticulturist. 
Hush.,  Husbandry,  Husbandman. 
Indus.,  Industrial,  Industries,  Industry. 
Tnsp.,  Inspector. 
Inst.,  Institute. 
20 


Instr.,  Instructor. 
Invest.,  Investigations. 
Irrig.,  Irrigation. 
Lab.,  Laboratory. 
Lect.,  Lecturer. 
Libr.,  Library,  Librarian. 
Much.,  Machinery. 
Math .,  Mathei  aatics. 

Mech.,  Mechanics,  Mechanical,  Mechani- 
cian. 

Met.,  Meteorology,  Meteorologist. 
Mgr.,  Manager. 

Micros.,  Microscopy,  Microscopist. 
Min.,  Mines,  Mining. 
Minis.,  Minister. 
Myc,  Mycology,  Mycologist. 
(Enol.,  Geologist. 
Orch.,  Orchardist. 
/'<////.,  Pathology,  Pathologist. 
Pharm. ,  Pharmacy,  Pharmacist. 
Phys.,  Physics,  Physicist,  Physical. 
Physiol.,  Physiology,  Physiological,  Phys- 
iologist. 
Pract,  Practical,  Practice. 
Pres.,  President. 
Prin.,  Principal. 
Reg.,  Registrar. 
Set.,  Science,  Scientific. 
Sec,  Secretary. 
St  a.,  Station. 

Sten.,  Stenographer,  Stenography. 
Substa.,  Substation. 
Supt.,  Superintendent. 
Tech.,  Technology,  Technical. 
Treas.,  Treasurer. 
Univ.,  University. 
V.  Dir.,  Vice-Director. 
Veg.,  Vegetable,  Vegetation. 
Vet.,  Veterinary,  Veterinarian. 
Vit.,  Viticulture,  Viticulturist. 
T.  Pres.,  Vice-President. 
Zool.,  Zoology,  Zoologist. 
Zoot.,  Zootechny,  Zootechnical. 


INTRODUCTION. 


This  bulletin  has  been  prepared  for  the  purpose  of  making  available 
to  experiment  station  workers  and  others  interested  in  agricultural 
research  the  information  in  possession  of  this  Department  regarding 
the  organization,  origin,  equipment,  income,  and  lines  of  work  of 
agricultural  experiment  stations  in  different  countries.  The  publica- 
tion of  a  comprehensive  account  of  the  agricultural  experiment  stations 
in  the  United  States,  in  Bulletin  No.  80  of  this  Office,  led  to  a  con- 
siderable demand  for  information  of  this  kind  regarding  the  stations 
in  other  countries.  The  work  of  collecting  material  for  a  bulletin  on 
foreign  experiment  stations  was  therefore  undertaken  by  Mr.  V.  A. 
Clark,  of  this  Office,  in  the  autumn  of  1900.  At  the  close  of  the  same 
year  Mr.  Clark  left  the  Office  and  the  work  was  then  taken  up  by  Mr. 
D.  J.  Crosbj',  who  has  since  devoted  to  it  such  time  as  he  could  spare 
from  his  other  duties  in  the  Office. 

The  statements  made  in  the  text  of  this  bulletin  are  based  on  infor- 
mation gleaned  from  the  following  sources:  (1)  Printed  reports  and 
bulletins  of  stations  and  departments  of  agriculture;  (2)  articles  in  the 
Experiment  Station  Record  and  numerous  foreign  journals;  (3)  refer- 
ence books  in  the  library  of  this  Department,  and  (4)  correspondence 
with  directors  of  stations.  Among  the  reference  books  the  two  most 
frequently  used  were  Menta  l  und  von  Lengerke's  la/ndwirthschaftlicher 
Hulfo-  und  Schreib-Kalender  and  Congres  International  des  Stations 
Agronomiques,  Paris,  by  L.  and  H.  Grandeau.  Very  complete  state- 
ments regai  ding  the  present  status  of  experiment  stations  in  France 
were  furnished  in  manuscript  b}'  L%  Grandeau,  inspector-general  of 
agricultural  experiment  stations  in  France. 

As  the  work  of  preparing  this  bulletin  has  progressed,  the  dearth  of 
literature  containing  definite  and  detailed  statements  regarding  foreign 
experiment  stations  has  become  more  and  more  apparent,  and  the  need 
of  a  publication  of  this  kind  has  been  emphasized.  In  many  countries 
there  is  no  authorized  agency  for  collating  and  publishing  accounts  of 
the  organization  and  work  of  the  experiment  stations,  and  in  very 
many  cases  the  individual  stations  have  no  regular  method  of  publica- 
tion. It  has,  therefore,  been  impracticable  up  to  the  present  time  to 
secure  all  the  needed  data  for  this  bulletin.    So  much  has,  however, 

21 


22 


INTRODUCTION. 


been  collated  that  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  proceed  with  its 
publication  lest  from  too  long  delay  the  value  of  the  data  already  col- 
lated be  seriousl}T  impaired.  It  is  hoped  that  one  result  of  the  issuing 
of  this  bulletin  will  be  the  stimulation  of  interest  in  the  systematic 
presentation  of  the  history  and  present  status  of  these  important 
agencies  for  the  world-wide  improvement  of  agriculture,  and  that  thus 
it  may  be  possible  hereafter  to  publish  a  more  complete  and  satisfac- 
tory view  of  the  world's  system  of  institutions  for  agricultural 
research. 

The  bulletin  contains  brief  accounts  of  about  720  experiment  sta- 
tions and  similar  institutions  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  by  coun- 
tries and  cities.  This  number  includes,  however,  many  institutions 
which  for  lack  of  further  information  are  mentioned  in  the  bulletin 
b}7  title  only,  and  a  quite  large  Dumber  of  experimental  fields,  labora- 
tories, and  enterprises  which  in  this  country  would  not  be  called  sta- 
tions. The  most  that  can  be  said  is  that  the  list  includes  the  various 
agencies  of  different  kinds  and  grades  for  experiment  and  investiga- 
tion in  agriculture  and  for  the  protection  and  information  of  farmers. 
Purely  as  a  matter  of  convenience  these  agencies  may  be  referred  to 
collectively  as  '*  stations."  As  far  as  possible  an  attempt  has  been 
made  to  give  an  idea  of  the  systems  in  different  countries,  and  this  is 
followed  by  a  description  of  the  individual  stations,  their  origin,  per- 
sonnel, lines  of  work,  revenue,  etc. 

The  list  demonstrates  the  world-wide  extent  of  the  station  move- 
ment at  the  present  time,  embracing  nearly  all  the  civilized  countries 
of  the  globe.  The  most  notable  exception  in  Europe  is  Greece, 
where  so  far  as  can  be  learned  there  are  no  stations  or  similar  agen- 
cies in  operation.  In  Asia  there  are  a  goodly  number  of  stations, 
located  in  Russia,  Japan,  and  British  India.  The  Chinese  Empire 
represents  a  large  area  which  is  entirely  without  stations,  and  the 
same  condition  applies  to  Turkey,  Persia,  Afghanistan,  and  Beloo- 
chistan.  Africa  has  quite  a  large  number  of  stations  in  the  English, 
French,  and  German  colonies.  There  are  no  stations  as  yet  in  Mexico 
or  in  Central  America  except  in  British  Honduras,  where  a  botanic 
garden  is  located;  and  of  the  South  American  countries  no  trace  has 
been  obtained  of  any  stations  in  Bolivia,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Pata- 
gonia, Peru,  Uruguay,  or  Venezuela.  Australia  and  New  Zealand 
have  a  large  number  of  stations  of  various  kinds  which  are  actively 
studying  the  practical  problems  suggested  by  the  agriculture  of  those 
countries. 

The  largest  number  of  separate  agencies  for  investigation  and 
experiment  in  agriculture  is  found  in  Russia,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  movement  is  comparatively  recent  there.  There  are  102  such 
establishments  and  3  experimental  forests.  Many  of  them  are  small 
demonstration  fields,  established  for  the  purpose  of  instructing  the 


INTRODUCTION. 


23 


peasants  or  of  introducing  new  agricultural  industries:  others  serve  as 
the  centers  for  the  production  and  distribution  of  improved  varieties 
of  seeds  and  plants,  and  some  are  conducted  as  institutions  for  research. 
There  are  a  number  of  stations  for  special  crops,  such  as  tobacco,  beet 
sugar,  silk,  cotton,  olive,  tea.  wines,  and  other  products. 

The  number  of  German  stations  listed  is  80,  which  includes  about  a 
dozen  control  stations  and  laboratories  for  miscellaneous  analysis, 
together  with  a  number  of  stations  for  special  industries.  The  only 
real  bond  of  union  between  the  German  stations  is  the  Association  of 
Agricultural  Experiment  Stations  in  the  German  Empire,  which  was 
organized  at  Weimar  in  188S  for  the  purpose  of  securing  uniformity 
in  methods  for  control  work,  and  this  does  not  include  all  of  the 
station-. 

The  agricultural  stations  and  laboratories  of  France,  of  which  there 
are  71.  are  under  the  general  direction  of  an  inspector-general,  an  offi- 
cer of  the  ministry  of  agriculture.  Prof.  L.  Grandeau  has  held  this 
position  since  its  creation  in  1882. 

Austria  has  41  stations,  about  one-third  of  which  are  of  the  grade  of 
the  control  station.  These  are  under  the  general  control  of  the  ministry 
of  agriculture,  which  also  issues  an  official  publication  containing 
reports  and  papers  on  various  phases  of  the  station  work. 

In  Great  Britain  it  is  difficult  to  determine  what  should  be  listed  as 
station-,  a-  many  of  the  institutions  were  not  established  primarily  for 
agricultural  experimentation,  but  have  been  subsidized  by  the  board 
of  agriculture  for  that  purpose,  or  have  taken  up  a  certain  amount  of 
work  which  has  an  incidental  bearing  on  research.  In  the  British 
Islands  there  arc  about  M'1  agencies,  including  12  institutions  that  may 
be  regarded  as  stations,  in  institutions  which  are  subsidized  by  the 
board  of  agriculture,  and  7  botanic  gardens.  In  India  there  are  10 
experiment  farms  and  plantation-,  and  21  botanic  and  municipal  gar- 
dens, besides  a  number  of  other  agencies  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture. 

Belgium  has  a  system  of  15  stations.  7  of  which  are  analytical  labo- 
ratories, all  under  the  supervision  of  the  Belgian  Ministry  of  Agri- 
culture. Hungary  has  20  stations,  under  the  supervision  of  the  cen- 
tral commission  of  experiment  stations,  which  provides  an  organ 
for  the  publication  of  their  work,  and  Italy  has  22  stations  and  labora- 
tories which  receive  a  portion  of  their  appropriation  from  the  Gov 
eminent,  many  of  them  also  receiving  funds  from  the  province  or 
municipality  in  which  they  are  located  and  from  local  agricultural 
associations  and  chambers  of  commerce. 

A  feature  of  the  system  in  Australia,  which  includes  34  institutions. 
La  the  State  farm-.  There  are  L5  of  these  scattered  over  the  country, 
which  are  devoted  for  the  most  part  to  culture  and  similar  experi- 
ments, demonstrations  of  good  farming,  the  improvement  of  live  stock, 
and  similar  work. 


24 


INTRODUCTION. 


In  the  Netherlands  there  are  7  stations,  including  a  seed-control  sta- 
tion and  a  laboratory  of  vegetable  pathology,  besides  a  system  of 
experimental  tields,  11  in  number,  conducted  under  the  auspices  of 
local  agricultural  and  horticultural  societies,  but  subsidized  by  the 
Government. 

Sweden  has  26  stations,  controlled  and  partially  supported  b}7  the 
State  department  of  agriculture,  most  of  which  are  chemical  and  seed- 
control  stations.  In  addition  there  are  10  agricultural  chemical  sta- 
tions maintained  by  societies,  which  are  in  reality  laboratories  for 
analysis  and  control.  Norway  has  12  stations,  including  several  con- 
trol stations,  all  of  which,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  are  under  the 
direct  control  of  the  department  of  agriculture,  and  Denmark  has  10 
stations,  several  of  which  are  among  the  most  liberall}7  supported  of 
the  European  stations. 

In  Japan  there  are  15,  including  9  branch  stations;  in  Switzerland  a 
s}rstem  of  10  stations,  all  under  the  control  of  the  department  of  agri- 
culture, except  1  for  brewing,  and  in  Spain  4  stations,  1  of  which  is 
cenological,  1  viticultural,  and  1  for  sericulture. 

These  comprise  the  principal  countries  in  which  experiment  stations 
and  similar  agencies  are  most  active,  with  the  exception  of  Canada  and 
the  United  States.  The  full  list,  however,  includes  Algeria,  Argen- 
tina, Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  Bulgaria,  Brazil,  Egypt,  Java,  Portugal, 
Roumania,  and  many  minor  countries  and  dependencies. 

The  more  we  study  the  foreign  experiment  stations  the  more  appar- 
ent it  becomes  that  the  American  stations  represent  a  distinct  class  of 
institutions,  which  are  the  product  of  their  environment.  Their  exact 
prototype  or  counterpart  is  not  found  in  an}T  other  country,  either  in 
scope,  organization  and  management,  or  in  relation  to  the  farming 
community  and  the  promotion  of  agriculture  in  general.  They  are  an 
adaptation  of  the  European  stations  to  the  conditions  and  requirements 
of  this  country.  As  such  they  present  many  unique  features,  and 
familiarity  with  their  general  character  makes  a  study  of  the  foreign 
systems  the  more  interesting. 

The  various  agencies  for  agricultural  experimentation  and  research 
in  foreign  countries  may  be  classified  in  a  general  wa}7  under  six  heads: 
(1)  experiment  stations  proper;  (^)  special  stations  for  particular  crops 
or  agricultural  industries;  (3)  control  stations  and  agricultural  labora- 
tories; (4)  botanic  stations  and  gardens;  (5)  experiment  farms  and 
demonstration  fields,  and  (6)  agencies  for  local  or  cooperative  experi- 
ments. 

Among  those  of  the  first  class  there  are  but  few  which  correspond 
to  the  American  stations  in  the  breadth  of  their  work  and  in  their 
organization.  To  a  quite  large  extent  these  stations  have  developed 
in  the  direction  of  some  particular  branch  of  agriculture,  as  agrononi}7, 
animal  production,  or  dairying,  although  their  field  of  operations  is 


INTRODUCTION. 


25 


broader  than  that  of  the  special  stations.  As  a  rule  they  are  dominated 
by  the  influence  of  a  single  man,  who  is  usually  the  director,  and  their 
energies  are  bent  toward  the  development  of  his  theories  of  plant 
nutrition,  or  some  phase  of  animal  nutrition,  or  the  like.  With  a  few 
notable  exceptions  the  individual  stations  do  not  embrace  strong- 
departments  in  plant  production,  the  feeding  of  animals,  injurious 
insects  and  diseases,  with  experts  in  these  several  lines.  Indeed, 
where  we  find  these  different  branches  working  side  by  side  the}T  are 
usually  broken  up  into  as  man}^  separate  stations,  each  with  its  own 
director.  This  is  partly  a  matter  of  finances  and  largely  of  custom. 
The  union  of  a  number  of  departments  in  a 'single  station  seems 
opposed  to  the  ruling  system  in  Europe,  and  certainly,  as  far  as 
advanced  work  goes,  the  European  plan  has  much  to  commend  it. 

The  special  stations  are  devoted  to  such  subjects  as  tobacco,  flax 
and  cotton  culture,  moor  culture,  forestry,  viticulture,  wine  making, 
brewing  and  distilling  industries,  milling,  sugar  and  starch  industries, 
indigo,  sericulture,  butter  and  cheese  making,  etc.  A  number  of 
these  special  stations  are  found  in  Austria,  France,  Germany,  Italy, 
Russia,  Spain,  and  Switzerland.  In  some  cases  they  are  partially  sup- 
ported by  government  appropriations,  while  in  others  they  are  entirely 
under  the  control  and  maintenance  of  local  organizations. 

The  work  of  the  control  stations  is  generally  understood.  Many  of 
these  undertake  no  investigations,  but  confine  themselves  to  the  exami- 
nation of  fertilizers,  seeds,  feeding  stuffs,  etc.  The  agricultural  labo- 
ratories differ  from  the  control  stations  in  being  established  primarily 
for  the  convenience  of  farmers  who  desire  analyses  made;  they  fre- 
quently have  no  regular  control  duties.  Systems  of  such  agricultural 
laboratories  are  maintained  in  Belgium,  France,  Italy,  and  Sweden. 

The  botanic  stations  and  gardens,  while  frequently  not  established 
for  the  direct  benefit  of  agriculture,  render  considerable  incidental  aid 
in  the  introduction  and  acclimatization  of  plants,  distribution  of  seeds, 
etc.,  and  a  considerable  number  of  them  have  experimental  fields  con- 
nected with  them,  so  that  they  have  developed  into  stations  compar- 
able with  many  of  the  experiment  stations.  In  Great  Britain  and 
France  the  botanic  gardens  constitute  one  of  the  features  of  the  experi- 
ment station  system.  The  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew,  London,  have 
connected  or  in  cooperation  with,  them  ;i  system  of  102  botanic  gardens 
and  stations  distributed  through  Great  Britain  and  its  colonies.  In 
a  similar  way  there  are  affiliated  with  the  Colonial  Garden  at  Vin- 
cennes,  France,  a  system  of  15  gardens  and  stations  located  in  the 
various  French  dependencies.  In  many  instances  these  gardens  and 
stations  constitute  the  only  agencies  which  have  been  provided  in  the 
newer  countries,  and  their  work  is  quite  varied  and  important  to  agri- 
cultural development. 

The  experiment  farms  and  demonstration  fields  are  found  quite 


26 


INTRODUCTION. 


extensively  in  Australia.  New  Zealand,  India,  the  Netherlands,  and 
Russia.  In  a  number  of  countries  where  the  station  movement  is 
new  these  farms  and  fields  represent  the  initial  step  in  agricultural 
experimentation.  For  instance,  in  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  in  Brazil, 
Bulgaria,  and  Paraguay  a  beginning  has  been  made  by  the  establish- 
ment of  a  few  experimental  farms  or  fields,  which  for  the  most  part 
are  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  culture  and  demonstration  experi- 
ments. 

Among  the  agencies  for  local  and  cooperative  experiments  various 
agricultural  societies  and  organizations  are  prominent  which,  through 
their  efforts  alone  or  with  the  assistance  of  government  funds,  pro- 
vide for  local  trials  or  cooperative  experiments  of  a  quite  simple 
order.  Such  experiments  are  carried  on  quite  extensively  under  the 
county  council  system  of  England  and  under  the  department  of  agri- 
culture in  Ireland. 

The  most  extensive  series  of  cooperative  experiments  which  have 
been  brought  to  light  -and  they  do  not  belong  to  the  class  mentioned 
above — are  those  in  feeding  dairy  cows  in  Denmark,  which  were  begun 
by  Professor  Fjord  in  1872  and  are  still  being  carried  on  by  the  labo- 
ratory of  the  Royal  Veterinary  and  Agricultural  College  at  Copenha- 
gen. The  same  institution  also  has  charge  of  the  butter  exhibitions, 
which  in  a  sense  are  cooperative.  These  exhibitions  entail  an  annual 
expenditure  of  about  *47jhX>.  but  they  have  been  instrumental  in 
improving  the  average  quality  of  the  butter  and  developing  a  large 
export  trade. 

The  systems  of  management  and  sources  of  revenue  of  the  foreign 
stations  present  a  great  variety  of  conditions.  In  case  of  the  majority 
of  the  countries  there  is  a  central  directing  or  supervising  agency  by 
which  the  government  funds  are  administered.  This  central  control 
is  quite  general  in  Austria.  Belgium,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  British 
West  Indies.  France.  Hungary,  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Switzerland. 
In  these  countries  the  administrative  agencies  are  the  state  depart- 
ments or  ministries  of  agriculture.  In  parts  of  Australia,  notably  in 
New  South  Wales  and  in  New  Zealand,  this  system  also  prevails.  In 
Denmark  the  Government  directs  many  of  the  agencies  for  the  pro- 
motion of  agriculture  through  the  Royal  Danish  Agricultural  Society. 
In  Holland  the  stations  are  under  the  general  management  of  a  com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  Crown,  and  in  Russia  the  stations  are  partly 
under  the  supervision  of  the  ministry  of  agriculture.  In  Great 
Britain  there  can  not  be  said  to  be  any  centralizing  authority  further 
than  that  exerted  by  the  board  of  agriculture,  which  distributes 
grants,  and  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew.  In  Germany  there  is  no 
central  authority  for  the  stations  in  the  whole  Empire.  The  Prus- 
sian stations  are  affiliated  with  the  ministry  of  agriculture,  domains, 
and  forestry,  but  there  can  not  be  said  to  exist  in  Germany  any  cen- 


INTRODUCTION. 


27 


tral  administrative  authority  in  the  sense  in  which  there  is  in  France, 
Belgium.  Hungary,  and  other  countries. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  the  foreign  experiment  stations  are  working  in 
the  main  independently  of  one  another,  there  being  very  little  coopera- 
tion among  the  stations  of  any  country  or  with  the  central  department 
of  agriculture.  This  cooperation,  which  is  becoming  so  extensive  in 
this  country,  may  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  characteristic  features  of 
the  American  system. 

The  information  obtained  regarding  the  revenue  of  the  foreign  sta- 
tions is  quite  fragmentary.  A  large  number  of  the  stations  have  no 
fixed  or  separate  revenue.  Many  of  them  are  operated  in  connection 
with  other  institutions,  while  others  are  maintained  jointly  by  govern- 
ment and  local  appropriations,  together  with  fees  for  analysis,  some 
agricultural  society  supplying  the  deficit.  In  most  of  the  control  sta- 
tions and  laboratories  small  fees  are  charged,  and  in  many  cases  these 
constitute  quite  a  large  proportion  of  the  revenue  of  the  station. 

In  a  large  number  of  instances  the  total  income  reported  amounts  to 
only  a  few  hundred  dollars,  but  in  such  cases  the  station  or  laboratory 
is  usually  connected  with  some  other  institution,  which  probably  pays 
the  salaries  of  the  employees.  A  number  of  the  German  and  Austrian 
stations  have  quite  liberal  funds  for  maintenance.  For  example,  the 
station  for  moor  culture  at  Bremen  received  about  $lt>,000  in  1900, 
the  experiment  station  at  Vienna  over  $20,000,  and  the  Halle  station 
over  $30,000.  while  the  moor  experiment  station  in  Denmark  for 
several  years  past  has  expended  over  $70,000  annually.  The  latter  is 
conducted  by  the  Danish  Heath  Society,  which  carries  on  two  large 
demonstration  tie  Ids  and  about  forty  small  rields. 

While  a  number  of  the  German  stations  receive  as  high  as  $15,000  a 
year  from  various  sources,  an  income  of  over  $5.<>oi>  a  year  is  rather 
the  exception  than  the  rule  for  European  stations,  and  there  are  large 
numbers  whose  income  amounts  to  only  $2,000  or  $3,000.  These 
stations,  however,  are  usually  at  no  expense  for  buildings  or  for  print- 
ing, the  publication  of  their  work  in  periodicals  often  being  a  small 
source  of  revenue,  and  as  their  fields  are  quite  restricted  in  area  the 
expense  for  labor  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.  By  the  exercise  of  rigid 
economy  and  by  confining  their  efforts  to  a  few  specific  lines  of  work 
many  of  these  stations  have  accomplished  a  surprising  amount  of  high- 
grade  work,  which  has  contributed  materially  to  the  general  sum  of 
human  knowledge  in  the  field  of  agricultural  science. 


AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN 
FOREIGN  COUNTRIES: 


ALGERIA. 

Agricultural  and  (Enological  Station,  Algiers. 

Station  staff, — J.  Dugast,  Dir. 

The  experimental  vineyard  in  connection  with  this  station  contains 
more  than  1,000  varieties  and  was  established  by  Hardy  in  1861.  The 
cenological  laboratory  was  opened  soon  after. 

Botanical  Experiment  Station,  Rouiba. 

Station  staff.—  Dr.  L.  Trabut.  Dir.  and  Govt.  Bot. 

Origin. — The  experimental  work  has  developed  gradually  from 
Dr.  Trabut's  work  in  charge  of  the  Government  Botanical  Garden. 

Equipment. — Botanical  garden,  farm  buildings,  and  experiment 
fields  containing  90  acres. 

Income. — The  State  makes  small  appropriations  for  the  botanical 
garden,  but  no  provision  for  seed  and  plant  introduction  or  experi- 
mental work,  the  former  being  accomplished  by  exchange,  the  latter 
through  Dr.  Trabut's  personal  efforts. 

Lines  of  work.— -Trials  with  native  and  introduced  fruits,  including 
plums,  strawberries,  apricots,  olives,  loquats,  and  oranges:  experi- 
ments with  garden  vegetables;  testing  and  distributing  native  and 
introduced  forage  plants,  especially  legumes  and  drought  and  alkali- 
resisting  plants;  experiments  with  varieties  of  wheat  and  with  agaves 
for  the  purpose  of  utilizing  waste  land. 

Agricultural  School  and  Experiment  Station,  Rouiba. 

Equipment. — Limited  laboratory  facilities,  orangery,  grove  of  euca- 
lyptus, and  field. 

Lines  of  work. — Mostly  demonstrations  of  methods  of  culture. 

aThi8  list  includes  agricultural  experiment  stations  and  other  institutions  in  con- 
nection with  which  investigations  relating  to  agriculture  are  conducted. 

29 


30 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Experiment  Garden,  Setif. 

Staff.—  Ryf,  Mgr. 

Origin. — Mr.  Ryf  maintains  and  controls  the  trial  grounds,  and  a 
local  society,  the  Geneva  Agricultural  and  Viticultural  Society,  coop- 
erates in  the  work  to  the  extent  of  publishing  reports.  Other  similar 
gardens,  some  of  them  entirely  maintained  b}^  local  agricultural  and 
viticultural  societies,  have  been  established  at  Clemsen  (G.  Soiptur), 
Oran  (Vermail,  Agr.  of  Dept.),  Batria  (John  Wild),  Constantine 
(Paul  Pousselot,  Agr.  of  Dept.).  and  other  places  in  Algeria. 

Lines  of  work. — Demonstration  experiments  in  the  culture  of 
alfalfa,  sulla,  and  varieties  of  wheat;  investigation  of  agricultural  prob- 
lems for  semiarid  regions.  Mr.  Ryf  is  conducting  a  very  promising 
experiment  with  an  alfalfa  and  wheat  rotation  in  which  cultivation 
during  a  part  of  each  year  is  an  important  factor. 

ARGENTINA. 

Office  of  Agronomy  and  Animal  Husbandry,  La  Plata. 

Governi/K/  hoard. — Ministry  of  Public  Works. 

Station  staff. — Ramon  Pieres,  Dir.;  Carlos  Lemee,  Sec;  Dr. 
Carlos  Spegazzini,  Bot.;  Juan  A.  Ortiz,  Ent.;  Ricardo  J.  Davel, 
Chem.;  Julio  J.  Bolla,  Lao.  Asst.;  Manual  V.  Casal,  Bad.;  Pedro 
J.  Issouribehere,  Troweling  Insp.;  Damian  del  Castillo,  Supt.  Baradt  ro 
Agr.  Sta.;  Juan  Ramon  Chaves,  Supt.  CKivilcoy  Agr.  Sta. 

Origin. — Established  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  law 
of  September  15,  1892. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  waters,  feeding  stuffs,  fertilizers, 
etc. ;  study  and  classification  of  wild  pasture  grasses  and  cultivated 
plants;  stud}'  of  diseases  of  plants  and  domestic  animals  and  of  means 
for  combating  them;  destruction  of  noxious  insects  and  propagation 
of  useful  insects.  Outlying  stations  are  maintained  at  Baradero  and 
Chivilco}',  where  meteorological  records  are  kept  and  field  experiments 
conducted. 

AUSTRALIA. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES. 
The  New  South  Wales  Department  of  Agriculture,  Sydney. 

Hon.  John  L.  Fegan,  Sec.  for  Min.  and  Agr.;  D.  C.  McLachlan, 
Under  Sec.  for  Min.  and  Agr.;  W.  S.  Campbell,  Chief  Insp.  of  Agr. 

The  New  South  Wales  Department  of  Agriculture  was  organized  in 
1890  and  has  its  headquarters  in  S}Tdne}T,  where  well-equipped  laborato- 
ries are  provided  for  the  use  of  members  of  the  staff.  As  an  administra- 
tive body  it  has  the  management  of  the  HawkesbuiyT  Agricultural 


AUSTRALIA. 


31 


College  and  Experimental  Farm  at  Richmond,  the  Botanic  Gardens  and 
Domains  in  Sydney,  and  the  agricultural  schools  and  experimental 
farms  located  in  various  parts  of  the  colony.  A  staff  of  experts  and 
inspectors  and  their  assistants,  comprising  at  present  about  30  mem- 
bers, are  engaged  in  research,  control,  and  editorial  work.  The  prin- 
cipal lines  of  research  conducted  at  S}7dne}T  are  in  chemistry,  bac- 
teriology, vegetable  pathology,  entomology,  viticulture,  dairying,  and 
fruit  culture.  The  experts  and  inspectors  also  visit  all  parts  of  the 
colony,  giving  instruction,  investigating  the  work  of  the  institutions 
under  their  control,  and  enforcing  inspection  laws.  The  department 
subsidizes  agricultural  societies  and  offers  prizes  for  the  manufacture 
of  butter.  For  the  dissemination  of  information  among  the  agricul- 
turists of  the  colony,  the  department  publishes  the  Agricultural 
Gazette,  a  monthly  farm  journal  which  is  issued  free  of  cost  to  the 
agricultural  societies  of  the  colony  and  to  any  farmer  having  1  acres 
under  cultivation  who  makes  application  to  the  department.  Reprints 
in  pamphlet  form  of  the  articles  of  special  interest  are  distributed  freely 
among  the  farmers. 

The  Hawkesbury  Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm,  Richmond. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — H.  W.  Potts,  Prin.;  E.  C.  Wood,  Sci.  Master; 
C.  T.  Musson,  Engl.  Master;  J.  J.  McCue,  1 ^oidtry  Expert;  George 
Cob)).  Farm  Form.;  J.  Alford,  Orch.;  S.  F.  Adams,  Reg.;  J.  Sutton, 

Origin. — The  college  was  opened  in  1891,  and  experiments  were 
begun  the  same  }Tear.  Separate  accounts  are  kept  of  the  cost  of 
instruction  and  of  experimental  work. 

Equipment. — Chemical  building  containing  two  laboratories,  balance 
room,  and  office;  other  laboratories  in  the  main  college  building;  about 
500  sheep  and  other  farm  animals;  a  farm  of  3,130  acres,  1,100  acres 
of  which  are  under  cultivation,  and  about  200  acres  in  experimental 
plats;  a  vineyard  of  8  acres,  and  an  orchard. 

Income. — Annual  grants  of  about  $10,000  from  the  Department  of 
Agriculture;  receipts  from  students'  fees  and  from  the  sale  of  farm 
products  of  about  $22,000. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural  and  manurial  experiments  with  cereals, 
forage  crops,  root  crops,  fiber  plants,  and  garden  vegetables;  variety 
tests  and  other  experiments  with  grapes,  oranges,  peaches,  and  other 
fruits;  dairy  and  poultry  investigations,  and  stock  feeding.  Special 
attention  is  given  to  the  developing  of  new  varieties  of  wheat  in  the 
hope  of  obtaining  a  good  milling  variety  that  will  be  highly  rust- 
rcsistant.  The  college  distributes  seeds  and  fodder  plants  among  the 
farmers  of  the  colony. 


32 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


State  Farms. 
Wagga  Experimental  Farm,  Wagga-Wagga. 

G.  M.  McKeown,  Mgr.,  Expt.;  Stuart  Hogg,  OrcL;  F.  McDonald, 
Reg. 

This  farm  was  established  in  1892,  and  consists  of  3,300  acres,  of 
which  1,100  acres  are  under  cultivation.  Substantial  farm  buildings 
and  students'  quarters  have  been  erected,  and  an  orchard  of  82  acres 
set  out,  which  contains  about  2,000  varieties  of  fruit,  including  apples, 
pears,  apricots,  peaches,  figs,  raisins,  grapes,  and  currants.  The  farm 
supports  2,000  sheep,  38  horses,  60  cattle,  a  number  of  pigs,  and  a 
large  number  of  fowls.  The  lines  of  work  include  experiments  in  the 
cultivation  of  wheat  and  other  cereals,  experiments  with  manures  and 
various  methods  of  culture,  chemical  and  bacteriological  investiga- 
tions, experiments  in  developing  new  wheats  with  better  milling 
qualities  and  with  greater  resistance  to  rust  and  drought,  tests  of 
fodders  and  grasses  and  of  many  kinds  of  fruits,  experiments  in 
drying  and  canning  fruit  and  in  the  manufacture  of  olive  oil,  and 
practical  instruction  to  students  in  the  various  branches  of  farm  work. 

Experimental  Farm,  Bathurst. 

A.  A.  Dunnicliff,  Mgr.;  A.  Walton,  Expt. 

This  farm  was  established  in  1895  and  covers  an  area  of  614  acres, 
of  which  about  400  acres  are  under  cultivation  and  30  acres  in  orchard 
containing  2,600  trees.  Farm  buildings  have  been  erected.  Bathurst 
is  in  a  region  of  poor  soil  and  light  rainfall,  and  the  attempt  is  being 
made  to  carry  on  successful  farming  operations  without  a  very  great 
outlay  for  irrigation.  The  investigations  are  thus  confined  to  experi- 
ments in  methods  of  culture;  variety  tests  of  various  field  crops, 
fodders,  and  fruits;  development  of  new  drought-resisting  varieties; 
and  the  improvement  of  the  soil  by  grazing,  principally  with  sheep. 
Instruction  is  given  to  ten  or  fifteen  students  in  practical  agriculture, 
carpentry,  and  blacksmithing. 

Experimental  Farm,  Wollongbar. 

H.  V.  Jackson,  Mgr. 

The  farm  consists  of  263  acres,  upon  which  the  work  of  clearing 
began  in  1893.  It  is  located  in  the  Northern  Rivers  district,  where 
there  is  abundant  rainfall  and  a  subtropical  climate.  The  object  of  the 
work  undertaken  has  been  to  develop  the  sugar  industiw  by  the  intro- 
duction and  distribution  of  improved  varieties  of  sugar  cane  and  to 
develop  the  production  of  pineapples,  oranges,  and  other  fruits  suited 
to  such  a  climate.  Daiiying,  stock  raising,  and  other  phases  of  agri- 
cultural production  also  receive  considerable  attention. 


AUSTRALIA. 


33 


Irrigation  Experimental  Field,  Pera  Bore. 

C.  H.  Gorman,  Mgr. 

This  farm  has  been  recently  established  in  the  dry  western  districts 
to  demonstrate  the  value  of  irrigation  by  means  of  artesian  wells.  The 
principal  experiments  are  with  fodders,  vegetables,  and  fruits. 

Experimental  Farm,  Coolabah. 

R.  W.  Peacock,  Mgr. 

The  Coolabah  farm  was  established  in  1898  to  investigate  means  for 
reclaiming  western  barrens,  and  the  principal  experiments  conducted 
have  been  with  grasses  and  indigenous  fodder  plants. 

Dairy  Stud  Farm,  Berry. 

Established  in  1900  to  promote  dairy  farming,  cattle  breeding,  rear- 
ing, and  management,  and  to  give  instruction  to  students  along  these 
lines. 

Experimental  Farm.  Grafton. 

J.  H.  Bulkeley.  Mgr. 

This  farm  was  established  in  the  autumn  of  1901,  and  comprises  over 
2,000  acres  located  6  miles  from  Grafton.  Experiments  with  grasses 
and  other  forage  crops  will  be  undertaken  with  a  view  to  establishing 
the  dairy  industry  on  the  north  coast. 

Botanic  Gardens  and  Domains,  Sydney. a 
J.  H.  Maiden,  Dir.  and  Bot. 

The  government  botanist.  J.  H.  Maiden,  is  director  of  these  gardens, 
and  besides  the  usual  work  of  collecting  and  growing  plants  in  such 
an  institution  he  is  engaged  in  botanical  investigations  which  take 
him  to  all  parts  of  the  colony.  The  gardens  supply  cuttings,  plants, 
and  seeds  for  the  Hawkesbury  Agricultural  College  and  for  the  various 
State  farms. 

Technological  Museum,  Sydney.  a 
R.  T.  Baker,  Cur. 

QUEENSLAND. 

The  Queensland  Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane. 

Hon.  J.  V.  Chataway,  Sec.  for  Ayr. ;  P.  J.  McDermott,  Under  Sec. 
for  Agr.;  P.  McLean,  Agr.  Advist  / . 

The  Queensland  Department  of  Agriculture,  which  was  organized 
in  1887  and  made  a  separate  administrative  department  in  1896,  has 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  \>.  142. 
22018— No.  112—02  3 


34 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


direct  control  of  the  Queensland  Agricultural  College,  of  the  Botanical 
Gardens  at  Brisbane,  and  of  the  seven  State  experimental  farms.  It 
is  charged  with  the  dissemination  of  information  likely  to  he  of  value 
to  the  farmers  of  the  colony,  and  for  this  purpose  publishes  the 
Queensland  Agricultural  Journal,  which  "  is  issued  gratis  to  persons 
whose  main  sources  of  income  are  from  pastoral,  agricultural,  or  horti- 
cultural pursuits."  The  department  subsidizes  agricultural  societies, 
and  also  offers  certain  departmental  prizes  on  agricultural  products, 
the  prizes  being  awarded  at  shows  of  the  societies.  The  departmental 
staff  of  experts  and  inspectors,  comprising  about  15  members,  is  engaged 
in  agricultural  research  work;  the  inspection  of  fruit,  live  stock,  etc. 
in  different  parts  of  the  colony,  and  the  instruction  of  farmers  on  their 
plantations.  Annual  conferences  of  farmers,  at  which  the  depart- 
mental experts  are  in  attendance,  are  convened  by  the  Department  of 
Agriculture,  and  reports  of  the  proceedings  of  these  conferences  are 
published. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Brisbane. a 

Philip  MaeMahon,  Cur. 

Acclimatization  Society,  Brisbane." 

E.  Grim  ley. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Brisbane.8 

F.  M.  Bailey. 

Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Farm,  Gatton. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — J.  Mahon,  Prin. 

Origin. — Opened  in  1897  and  equipped  at  a  total  cost  to  date  of 
about  $160,000  for  farm,  buildings,  and  improvements. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory  and  other  college  buildings,,  and 
farm  of  1,692  acres. 

Income. — Annual  grants  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  sup- 
plemented by  receipts  from  farm  products. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  manures,  and  feeding  stuffs:  field 
experiments  with  grasses,  clovers,  and  wheat:  special  experiments  in 
the  cultivation  of  tobacco  and  other  crops  and  in  utilizing  barnyard 
manure.  Quite  extensive  variety  tests  with  wheat  and  potatoes,  and 
cross-fertilization  experiments  with  wheat  have  been  undertaken. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


AUSTRALIA. 


35 


State  Farms. 
Biggenden  Farm,  Burnett  District. 

Henry  A.  Tardent,  Mgr. 

Established  in  1899  at  a  cost  of  $7,580;  farm  of  about  100  acres, 
residence,  two  sheds,  and  meteorological  apparatus;  experiments  with 
wheat  and  other  cereals,  and  vineyard  and  orchard  work. 

Camerunga  State  Nursery,  near  Cairns. 

G.  B.  Brooks,  Overseer. 

Established  in  1888,  and  has  cost  the  department  about  $37,000; 
farm  of  316  acres;  experiments  with  new  varieties  of  sugar  cane, 
bananas,  coffee,  cotton,  cocoa,  cloves,  nutmegs,  pepper,  and  other 
tropical  products. 

Gindie  Farm,  Central  District. 

R.  Jarrott,  Mgr. 

Established  in  1898  at  a  cost  of  $13,(556  for  the  first  two  years;  farm 
of  8,000  acres,  farm  buildings,  and  machinery;  sheep  and  stock  raising, 
and  experiments  with  wheat  and  other  cereals. 

Hermitage  Farm,  Warwick,  Darling  Downs  District. 

C.  Ross,  Mgr. 

Area  of  440  acres,  devoted  to  the  growing  of  wheat,  barley,  oats, 
root  crops,  and  maize. 

Sugar  Experiment  Station,  Mackay. 

A.  A.  Ramsey,  Mgr. 

First  established  in  1888  as  a  nursery  for  growing  tropical  fruits,  but 
recently  converted  into  a  sugar  experiment  station.  The  equipment 
includes  a  well-equipped  chemical  laboratory  and  farm  of  20  acres, 
which  have  cost  the  department  about  $42,000  and  have  yielded  about 
$2,000.  The  principal  lines  of  work  are  testing  and  distributing 
among  planters  new  varieties  of  sugar  cane  and  sorghum,  and  such 
tropical  fruits  as  pineapples,  oranges,  and  grapes,  and  other  tropical 
productions.  An  agricultural  school  is  conducted  at  the  Mackay 
institution. 

Redland  Bay  Experiment  Orchard. 

J.  Henderson,  Mgr. 

Westbrook  Farm,  Darling  Downs  District. 

H.  0.  Quod  ling,  Mgr. 

Experiments  with  cereals  and  root  crops,  and  feeding  experiments 
for  dairy  purposes. 


36  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

Acclimatization  Society's  Gardens,  Rockhampton. a 

J.  S.  Edgar. 

SOUTH  AUSTRALIA. 
The  South  Australia  Central  Agricultural  Bureau,  Adelaide. 

E.  L.  Batchelor,  Minis,  of  Ayr.;  F.  E.  H.  W.  Krichauff,  Chair.; 
A.  Molineux,  Sec.  and  Agr.  Editor  of  the  Journal  of  Agriculture 
and  Industry;  W.  S.  Summers,  Asst.  Sec.  and  Tnsp.  of  Fert. 

The  bureau  was  established  in  1888,  and  has  control  of  the  agricul- 
tural college  and  of  more  than  100  branch  bureaus,  through  which 
much  of  the  experimental  work  of  the  central  bureau  is  carried  on. 
The  minister  of  agriculture  issues  annual  reports,  and  the  bureau 
publishes  the  Journal  of  Agriculture  and  Industry,  a  monthly  farm 
journal,  which  is  issued  gratis  to  members  of  branch  bureaus.  The 
bureau  is  engaged  in  promoting  all  phases  of  agricultural  activity  in 
South  Australia,  and  to  this  end  distributes  fertilizers  and  seeds  to 
the  Adelaide  Agricultural  School  and  to  18  or  20  State  schools,  where 
simple  experiments  are  conducted  for  the  purpose  of  demonstrating 
the  value  of  modern  methods  of  agriculture.  Among  other  lines  of 
work  undertaken  b}r  the  bureau  may  be  mentioned  the  introduction  of 
improved  varieties  of  wheat  and  other  cereals  and  of  pure- bred  stock; 
investigations  in  dairying,  irrigation,  horticulture,  and  viticulture; 
and  attempts  to  lessen  the  ravages  of  animal  pests,  such  as  rabbits, 
foxes,  sparrows,  and  starlings. 

Botanic  Garden,  Adelaide.  a 

Maurice  Holtze. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Port  Darwin.  a 

Nicholas  Holtze. 

Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm,  Roseworthy. 

Governing  board.—  Central  Agricultural  Bureau — Advisory  council: 
Sir  Langdon  Boynthon,  Thomas  Hardy,  F.  E.  H.  W.  Krichauff,  J.  M. 
McLachlan,  A.  J.  Murray,  L.  W.  Stanton. 

Station  staff. — J.  D.  Towar,  Prin.;  and  the  scientific  members  of 
the  Central  Agricultural  Bureau. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1885. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  other  college  buildings,  and  farm  of 
1,400  acres. 

Income. — Government  grant  (1900),  $14,118.23;  students'  fees  and 
farm  products  (1899),  $11,247.88. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


AUSTRALIA. 


37 


Lines  of  work, — Variety  tests  of  wheat,  experiments  with  various 
manures  and  with  green  crops  for  feeding,  rotation  experiments, 
horticultural  and  viticultural  work.  But  little  purely  experimental 
work  is  attempted. 

TASMANIA. 

Tasmanian  Council  of  Agriculture,  Hobart. 

George  T.  Collins,  Minis,  of  Agr.,  Pres.;  L.  M.  Shoobridge,  V. 
Pres.;  T.  A.  Tabart,  Sec.  and  Chief  Inst r. ;  L.  A.  Evans,  Asst.  Sec. 
and  Editor  of  the  Agricultural  Gazette  and  Journal;  ten  other  mem- 
bers, and  a  scientific  staff  of  seven  members. 

The  Tasmanian  Council  of  Agriculture,  with  headquarters  in  Hobart, 
has  general  supervision  of  the  agricultural  interests  in  the  island.  It 
employs  a  scientific  staff,  the  members  of  which  arc  engaged  in  scien- 
tific investigations,  the  inspection  of  various  agricultural  products, 
and  the  giving  of  instruction  at  meetings  of  farmers  in  various 
parts  of  the  island.  The  most  notable  agricultural  experiments  are 
those  conducted  in  cooperation  with  the  council  by  Frank  Maddox  on 
his  farm  at  Eastfield.  These  experiments  have  extended  over  a  period 
of  ten  years,  and  include  careful  tests  of  many  varieties  of  wheat  and 
experiments  with  oats,  peas,  root  crops,  and  manures.  Experiments 
in  other  parts  of  the  island  are  conducted  principally  through  the 
cooperation  of  "  branch  boards,"  local  associations  affiliated  with  the 
council  of  agriculture.  The  council  publishes  the  Agricultural  Gazette 
and  Jon  null  once  a  month,  and  sends  it  free  to  all  members  of  boards 
of  agriculture  affiliated  with  the  council. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Hobart. a 

F.  Abbott, 

VICTORIA. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  of  Victoria,  Melbourne. 

George  Graham,  Minis,  of  Agr. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  employs  a  staff  of  about  twelve 
experts  engaged  in  making  investigations  and  giving  instructions 
throughout  the  colony  in  the  various  branches  of  agricultural  indus- 
try, and  in  addition,  it  controls  the  School  of  Horticulture  at  Burnley 
and  the  Viticultural  College  at  Rutherglen,  at  both  of  which  places 
limited  experiments  are  conducted.  The  department  also  conducts 
cooperative  experiments  in  many  localities,  subsidizes  agricultural 
societies,  and  issues  occasional  bulletins  to  agricultural  producers. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  L42. 


38 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm,  Dookie. 

Governing  board. — Council  of  Agricultural  Education:  F.T.  Derham, 
Chair.;  David  Martin,  Sec.  and  Treas.;  the  Secretary  for  Agriculture, 
and  eight  other  members. 

Station  staff. — Hugh  Pye,  Prin.  and  Engl.  Master;  a  science  master; 
an  instructor  in  viticulture,  and  a  farm  manager. 

Origin. — Opened  for  students  in  1886. 

Equipment. — College  buildings  containing  library,  laboratory,  lec- 
ture halls,  etc.;  and  a  farm  of  4,846  acres. 

Income. — Grants  made  by  the  Council  of  Agricultural  Education 
from  the  government  endowment  fund,  receipts  from  students,  and 
from  the  sale  of  farm  products. 

Lines  of  work. — Extensive  experiments  with  wheat  and  other  cereals, 
grasses,  fodder  plants,  and  garden  vegetables;  limited  experiments  in 
the  production  of  scent  plants  and  olives,  in  drying  and  preserving 
fruit,  and  in  animal  husbandry.  The  experiments  with  cereals  in- 
clude the  improvement  of  varieties,  methods  of  culture,  and  the  use 
of  fertilizers. 

National  Herbarium,  Melbourne.* 
J.  G.  Luehmann,  Cur. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Melbourne.8 

W.  R.  Guilfoyle. 

WESTERN  AUSTRALIA. 
The  Western  Australia  Department  of  Agriculture,  Perth. 

George  Throssell,  Comr.  of  Crown  Lands  and  Actg.  Minis,  of  Agr.; 
L.  Lindley-Cowen,  See. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  was  created  in  1894  and  is  under 
the  administration  of  the  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands.  The  depart- 
ment employs  a  staff  of  experts  who  are  engaged  in  promoting  the 
agricultural  interests  of  the  colony.  It  conducts  rather  limited 
experiments  at  Drakesbrook  and  publishes  monthly  the  Journcd  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  which  is  distributed  free  to  members 
of  any  agricultural  or  kindred  society. 

Experimental  Farm,  Drakesbrook. 

G.  F.  Berthoud,  Mgr. 

The  farm  is  maintained  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the 
purpose  of  conducting  experiments  in  the  cross  fertilization  of  wheat 
and  other  cereals,  the  seed  of  which  is  distributed  among  farmers. 
Cultural  experiments  are  conducted  with  potatoes  and  forage  crops. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


AUSTRIA. 


B9 


AUSTRIA. 

Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Vienna. 

Baron  de  Giovanelli,  Minis,  of Agr.;  Dr.  Leonard  Pielak,  Minister 
without  Portfolio ;  Dr.  Ferdinand,  Baron  von  Blunifeld,  Chief  of 
Section  ;  Ernst  Oser,  Chief  of  Section. 

The  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  Austria  was  organized  in 
1868,  and  comprises  two  sections  which  include  the  administrative 
bureau  and  10  departments.  The  ministry  has  general  control  of 
agricultural  institutions  throughout  the  Kingdom,  and  is  engaged 
actively  in  the  promotion  of  investigations  in  agronomy,  zootechn}^, 
forestry,  fish  culture,  and  a  wide  range  of  other  subjects;  the  subsi- 
dizing of  educational  institutions,  experiment  stations  and  agricultural 
societies,  and  the  printing  and  distributing  of  reports  and  special 
papers. 

Department  11  of  the  ministry  is  charged  with  the  administration  of 
agricultural  avid  forestry  educational  institutions,  including  secondary 
schools,  colleges,  and  special  courses;  the  examination  and  appoint- 
ment of  teachers  for  these  schools,  and  for  itinerant  instruction;  the 
establishment  and  subsidizing  of  nongovernmental  institutions  for 
instruction  and  research;  the  management  of  governmental  experi- 
ment stations  and  of  experimental  work  generally;  the  compilation  of 
agricultural  and  forestry  statistics;  the  promotion  of  flax  culture  and 
dairying.  Reports  of  the  work  of  all  experiment  stations  and  papers 
on  various  phases  of  agricultural  research  appear  in  the  official  publi- 
cation of  the  ministry,  Zeitschrift  fur  das  landwirthschaftliche  Ver- 
mchswesen  i/n  Oesterreich. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  of  the  Province  of  Vorarlberg', 

Bregenz. 

Governing  hoard. — The  Vorarlberg  Agricultural  Society. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Wilhelm  Eugling,  Dir.  and  Expert  in  Animal 
Hush.;  Dr.  Heinrich  Brunnmayr.  Asst.;  W.  von  Klenze,  Dr.  Ballncr, 
I  rol mi teers;  attendant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1875  by  the  Vorarlberg  Agricultural  Society. 
At  first  the  station  was  located  at  Tisis,  whence  it  was  removed  in  1880 
to  Feldkirch,  and  in  1890  to  Bregenz. 

Equipment. — Experiment  field,  stable  for  three  cows,  orchard,  and 
place  for  growing  vine  cuttings.  The  equipment  is  provided  by  Count 
Belrupt,  chairman  of  the  agricultural  society. 

Income.  -  For  1900,  $1,290.04  (Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $1,1  >13; 
provincial  committee,  $202.00;  fees,  $81.04). 

Lines  of  work. — Dairy  investigations;  practical  experiments  in  the 
management  of  meadows,  alpine  pastures,  and  turf  lands;  control  of 
fertilizers  and  tolls;  analysis  of  foods. 


40 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Culture,  Briinn. 

Governing  hoard. — Agricultural  council  for  the  Margravate  of 
Moravia. 

Station  staff.—  Johann  J.  Vanha,  Dir.  and  Ayr.;  OttoKvas.  Chem.; 
two  laboratory  assistants;  cop}Tist;  gardener. 

Origin. — Established  in  1899  hy  the  Moravian  government. 

Equipment. — Vegetation  house,  experiment  field. 

Income.— Total  budget a  for  1900,  $7,258.14;  for  1901,  $5,626.17. 
The  receipts  for  analyses  and  field  crops  for  1900  were  $190.11.  The 
station  receives  $3,004.56  from  the  State  and  $40.52  from  the  Society 
of  Austrian  Malt  Manufacturers. 

Lines  of  work. — Promotion  of  agriculture  through  scientific  research 
in  plant  production  by  means  of  pot  and  field  experiments  in  the  vege- 
tation house,  the  station  experiment  field,  and  on  farms  in  other  parts 
of  Moravia;  seed  control;  chemical  investigation  of  fertilizers,  feed- 
ing stuffs,  and  agricultural  products  in  general;  microscopic  and  bac- 
teriological investigation  of  plant  diseases. 

Seed  Control  Station  of  the  State  Agricultural  Secondary  School, 

Czernowitz. 

Governing  hoard.  —Provincial  Committee  of  Bukowina. 

Station  staff. — Emil  Baier,  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  by  the  province  in  1897. 

Income. — In  the  budget  of  the  Agricultural  Secondary  School  an 
annual  item  of  about  $20  is  included  for  seed  testing. 

Lines  of  work. — -Analysis  of  seeds  and  feeding  stuffs.  The  director 
gives  advice  to  those  engaged  in  the  seed  trade  or  in  seed  production, 
and  attempts  by  means  of  his  investigations  to  improve  the  seeds  pro- 
duced or  handled  in  the  country. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Control  Station,  Dublany,  near 

Lemberg-. 

Governing  hoard. — Provincial  Committee  of  Galicia. 

Statin/,  stuff. — Mikulowski-Pomorski,  Dir.;  Adam  Karpinski,  Karol 
Huppenthal,  Zypmunt  Chmielewski.  Assts.;  laboratory  assistant; 
bookkeeper;  two  attendants. 

Origin. — Established  in  1895  by  the  Province  of  Galicia. 

Equipment. — Laboratory,  vegetation  house  with  800  pots,  6  experi- 
ment fields  upon  typical  Galician  soil  in  various  parts  of  the  province, 
each  field  containing  about  11  acres. 

aThe  term  budget  as  used  in  this  bulletin  refers  to  the  total  allowance  for  station 
expenses  made  in  accordance  with  the  ofhcial  estimate  of  the  officers  in  charge  of 
station  funds  from  any  funds  available  for  the  use  of  the  station.  The  budget  for 
any  particular  year  is  not  necessarily  equal  to  the  receipts  for  that  year. 


AUSTRIA. 


41 


Income  — Budget,  $4,039.44.  The  station  receives  annually  $405.20 
from  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  $3,330.34  from  the  Gali- 
cian  government.  The  fees  for  analyses  in  1900  amounted  to  about 
$1,013. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  the  fertility  of  Galician  soils  by 
means  of  systematically  planned  field  and  meadow  experiments  in 
various  parts  of  the  country;  investigation  of  fertilizers  and  soils;  con- 
trol of  fertilizers  and  feeding  stuffs. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station  of  the  Lower 
Austrian  Agricultural,  Horticultural,  and  Viticultural  School,  Feldsberg*. 

Governing  hoard. — Lower  Austrian  Provincial  Council. 

Stat i<m  staff. — Franz  Kozeschnik,  Dir.  and  Ohem.;  Vincenz  Goh- 
lert,  Seed  Testing.    Both  are  teachers  in  the  school. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890.  Before  this  time  the  chemist  of  the 
school  had  conducted  gratuitous  investigations  with  must,  wine,  fer- 
tilizers, and  soils,  and  the  increase  of  work  led  to  the  establishment  of 
the  station.  The  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  in  1897  appropriated 
$340  toward  the  establishment  of  the  station,  the  province  providing 
the  necessary  equipment. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  of  the  school. 

Income.— For  1900,  $180.65  (Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $170.50; 
fees,  $10.15). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  seeds,  chemical  investiga- 
tions, and  other  research  wTork  which  the  rural  industries  in  the 
vicinity  of  Feldsberg  demand. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Goritz. 

Governing  hoard. — Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Johann  Bolle,  Dir.;  Arthur  Devarda,  Adolf  Bene- 
schovsky,  Assocs.;  Dr.  A.  N.  Papez,  Asst.;  one  volunteer:  one  clerk; 
one  copyist;  one  attendant. 

Origin. — The  station  was  founded  in  1869  under  the  name  of  the 
Silk  Culture  Experiment  Station,  in  1877  the  name  was  changed  to 
the  Silk  and  Grape  Culture  Experiment  Station.  Since  1890  it  has 
been  known  as  the  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station. 

Equipment. — The  station  includes  divisions  for  agriculture,  grape 
production,  study  of  plant  diseases,  and  the  rearing  of  silkworms. 

Income. — Total  budget.  $6,0?8;  fees  for  analyses,  about  $8  10.40. 

Lrnc.s  of  work.- — Scientific  studies  upon  agricultural  subjects  in  gen- 
eral; analysis  of  wines  and  dairy  products;  fertilizer  experiments; 
repression  of  plant  diseases;  studies  of  diseases  of  the  silk  moth  and 
of  means  for  combating  them. 


42 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Provincial  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station, 

Gratz. 

Governing  hoard. — Agricultural  Committee  of  St}Tria. 
Statim\  staff. — Eduard  Hotter,  Dir.;  Carl  Wittmann,  Asst.;  one 
attendant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1892  as  the  Pomological  Experiment  and  Seed 
Control  Station  by  the  Horticultural  Society  of  Mittelsteiermark;  in 
1896  brought  under  the  control  of  the  Province. 

Income.—  Budget  for  1900,  £1.823.40;  fees  for  analyses  in  1900, 
^405.20.  The  station  receives  a  subsidy  of  1810.40  from  the  Royal 
Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  seeds;  analytical,  physiological,  and  microscopic  investigations  in 
connection  with  the  practice  of  agriculture,  especially  fruit  growing. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  School,  Jung-bunzlau. 

Governing  board. — The  station  is  under  the  control  of  the  director 
of  the  Agricultural  School. 

Station  staff. — Friedrich  Nebovidsky,  Dir.;  Carl  Horny,  Asst.;  ten 
or  fifteen  volunteers — second-year  students  in  the  Agricultural  School; 
attendant;  gardener. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1885. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  various  agricultural  plants,  such 
as  grains  and  hoed  crops;  analyses  and  tests  of  important  agricultural 
products. 

Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Secondary  School, 

Kaaden. 

Governing  board.  —Provincial  Committee  of  Bohemia. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Andreas  Nowoczek,  Dir.;  Prof.  Emil  Palm. 

Chilli. 

Origin. — The  station  was  established  in  .1876. 

Equipment.  —Chemical  laboratory,  seed  laboratory,  agricultural  lab- 
oratory, and  experimental  gardens. 

I iicn, nr. — Partly  supported  by  fees,  which  in  1900  amounted  to 
sis.  62. 

Lines  of  work. — Fertilizer  experiments;  investigation  of  disinfect- 
ants and  insecticides;  lield  experiments  with  clovers;  variety  tests  of 
apples;  chemical  investigations  and  analysis  of  soils,  feeding  stuffs, 
fertilizers,  milk,  agricultural  products,  and  the  products  of  starch, 
sugar,  beer,  and  spirituous  liquor  manufacture;  meteorological  ol ner- 
vations; analysis  and  control  of  seeds.  Seed  producers  and  dealers 
are  required  to  guarantee  their  seeds.  Another  function  of  the  station 
is  to  promote  the  seed-producing  industry  by  scientific  investigation, 
the  results  of  which  are  made  public. 


AUSTRIA. 


43 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  of  the  Royal  Imperial  Agri- 
cultural Society  of  Carnithia,  Klagenfurt. 

Govt  ming  hoard. — Rc^al  Imperial  Agricultural  Society  of  Carnithia. 

Station  staff . — Dr.  H.  Svoboda, Dir.;  assistant;  chemist. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1893  by  the  society  mentioned. 

Income. — Budget  for  1901,  about  $1,823.40.  The  station  is  subsi- 
dized as  follows:  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $486.24;  Province  of 
Carnithia,  $243.12;  city  of  Klagenfurt  $81.04;  Carnithian  Chamber 
of  Commerce  and  Industry,  $81.04. 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical,  microscopic,  bacteriological,  and  physio- 
logical investigation  of  articles  sent  to  the  station:  control  of  commer- 
cial fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  agricultural  seeds;  practical  agri- 
cultural experiments  and  food  control;  the  giving  of  verbal  and 
written  information. 

Chemical  Physiological  Experiment  Station  for  Grape  and  Fruit  Growing-, 

Klosterneuburg-. 

Governing  board. — Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Statin,,  staff. — Prof.  Leonhard  Roesler,  Dir.;  Dr.  Bruno  Haas, 
Victor  Kreps.  Wehzel  Seirert,  Assocs.;  Dr.  Walther  Fischer.  Carl 
Kock,  Assts.;  Dr.  Rudolf  Reisch,  Julius  Schuch,  Aspirants/  one 
clerk;  two  attendants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  18T0  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and 
for  seven  years  maintained  in  rented  rooms,  after  which  it  was  removed 
to  a  building  provided  for  the  purpose. 

Equipment. —  GEnological  laboratory,  laboratory  for  physiological 
investigation  of  fermentation,  and  room  for  the  investigation  of  plant 
diseases. 

Income. — Total  budget,  $17,828.80;  tolls,  fees  for  analyses,  etc., 
$10,781.97. 

Lmes  of  work. — Scientific  research  in  the  whole  Held  of  grape  and 
fruit  growing,  wine  manufacturing,  the  chemistry  of  fermentation,  the 
diseases  of  grapes  and  other  fruits,  and  cellar  management;  practical 
investigations  and  analyses  along  the  same  lines  for  the  Royal  Ministry 
of  Agriculture  and  other  officials,"  societies,  and  private  persons. 
Information  is  disseminated  by  consultation  and  correspondence.  The 
station  undertakes  the  training  of  oenologists  and  pomologists. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  for  Carniola,  Laibach. 

Govern  i /></  boa /v7.— The  provincial  government  in  Laibach,  subject 
to  supervision  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Ernst  Kramer,  Dir.  and  Chem.;  one  other 
chemist. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1898  by  the  Royal  Imperial  Agricultural 
Society  of  Carniola. 


44 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Income.—  Budget  for  1900,  81,285.50;  fees  for  analyses  in  1900, 
$364.68.  The  station  is  subsidized  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agricul- 
ture, the  Province  of  Carniola,  the  Carniolari  Chamber  of  Commerce 
and  Industry,  and  the  city  of  Lai  bach  to  the  amount  of  $1,195.34. 

Lines  of  work, — The  promotion  of  agriculture,  especially  grape 
growing,  by  means  of  scientific  investigations:  analysis  of  agricultural 
products  and  the  study  of  their  diseases;  analysis  and  control  of  fer- 
tilizers, feeding  stuff's,  and  seeds;  analysis  of  soils,  and  analytical, 
physiological,  and  microscopic  work  of  all  kinds,  including  the  analy- 
sis of  foods  and  condiments,  for  officials,  societies,  and  private  persons: 
dissemination  of  information  verbally  and  by  correspondence. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Leitmeritz. 

Governing  hoard. — The  trustees  of  the  Agricultural.  Horticultural, 
and  Viticultural  School. 

Station  staff. — A..  J.  Kollar,  Dir.;  H.  Walland.  Ohem.;  H.  Schmidt, 
Bact.  andVeg.  Path.;  E.  Brandsch.  Seed  Control;  clerk:  laboratory 
assistant:  gardener:  cellar  master. 

Origin* — Established  in  1891  by  the  trustees  of  the  Agricultural, 
Horticultural,  and  Viticultural  School. 

Equipment. — The  school  provides  accommodations  for  divisions  of 
chemistry,  bacteriology,  vegetable  pathology,  and  seed  control. 

Income—  Budget,  8567.28  (State,  8213.12:  province.  8213.12:  dis- 
trict assembly.  810.52:  city  of  Leitmeritz.  8l<>,52).  The  fees  for 
analyses  in  1900  amounted  to  $570.12. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control;  chemical,  bacteriological,  and  patho- 
logical investigations;  field  experiment-. 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station,  Lemberg: . 

Governing  l><><ir<l. — Provincial  Committee  of  Galicia. 

Stat i<>n  staff. — Dr.  Ign.  R.  von  Szyszylowicz  Dir.;  Bronislaus  von 
Janowski,  Casimir  von  Langie.  Assts.;  Siineon  Wojciechowski,  Lab. 
Asst.;  one  attendant:  eight  helpers  during  the  busy  season. 

Origin. — Established  in  1895  by  the  Provincial  Committee  of  Gali- 
cia. In  1901  an  alpine  garden  under  control  of  this  station  was  estab- 
lished in  the  Porzyzewski  pasture  lands  of  the  Ea>t  Carpathians. 

Equipment. — Station  at  Lemberg.  experiment  garden  in  the  East 
Carpathian  Mountains.  5.700  feet  above  sea  level. 

Income. — Budget  for  1900.  82.657.30.  The  station  receives  from 
the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  a  subsidy  of  $405.20,  and  in  1900 
received  in  fees  for  analyses  8500.50. 

Lines  of  work. — Control  of  seeds  and  concentrated  feeding  stuffs: 
experiments  for  the  improvement  and  acclimatization  of  plants:  pro- 
duction of  alpine  seeds  at  the  alpine  garden. 


AUSTRIA. 


45 


Prince  Schwarzenberg-  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station, 

Lobositz. 

Governing  hoard, — The  station  is  a  private  institution  under  the 
direct  control  of  Prince*  Schwarzenberg-. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Josef  Hanamann,  Dir.;  Leopold  Koufimsky, 
Assoc.;  copyist;  attendant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1865  at  the  initiative  of  His  Highness  Prince 
Johann  Adolf  von  Schwarzenberg.  The  director,  Dr.  Josef  Hana- 
mann, has  held  this  position  since  the  station  was  first  established. 

Equipment.  — Laborato  ry . 

Income. — Budget  for  19U0,  including  salaries.  $1,418.20. 

Lines  of  work. — Control  of  fertilizers  and  feeding  stuffs;  vegetation 
and  fertilizer  experiments;  various  investigations  for  industrial  pur- 
poses; analysis  of  soils,  minerals,  well  water,  and  flowing  water; 
meteorological  observations. 

Provincial  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station, 

Marbur  g--on-the-Drave . 

Governing  l><><ir<l. — Agricultural  Committee  of  Styria. 
Station  staff. — Edmund  Schmid,  Dir.;  Aug.  Wagner,  Assfi.;  one 
attendant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1893  by  the  Province  of  Styria. 

Income. — Total  budget  for  1900,  11,701.84;  fees  for  analyses  for 
1900,  $283.64.  The  station  receives  a  subsidy  of  S4^f>.:>4  from  the 
Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — The  promotion  of  agriculture,  especially  grape 
growing  in  Styria.  through  scientific  investigations,  analyses,  study 
of  diseases,  etc.;  analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  soils, 
and  seeds;  analytical,  physiological,  and  miscroscopic  investigation 
of  foods,  condiments,  and  other  articles  for  the  agricultural  com- 
mittee of  Styria,  officials,  societies,  and  private  persons;  the  promotion 
of  seed  production  and  commerce.  Results  are  made1  public  by  con- 
sultation and  correspondence,  and  expert  opinions  are  given  as  required 
by  the  committee 

Forestry  Experiment  Institute,  Mariabrunn.  * 

Governing  hoard. — Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

st,iii<,n  staff. — Josef  Friedrich,  Dir.;  C  arl  Bohmerle  and  Dr.  Adolf 
Cieslar,  Assocs.;  one  gardener  with  two  technical  assistants;  three 
chemists;  bookkeeper;  three  attendants.  Three  forest  inspectors  are 
members  of  the  staff. 

Origin. — Founded  in  L875  but  not  fully  developed  to  its  present 
scope  until  1888,  when  it  was  made  a  control  station  for  forest  seeds. 

aPost-orliee,  Hadersdorf-Weidlingau,  Lower  Austria. 


46 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment. — Forest  gardens  for  experiments  with  fertilizers  and  a 
nursery  for  experiments  in  growing-  forest  trees. 

Income. — The  institute  is  maintained  entirely  by  the  State.  The 
receipts  for  1900  were  about  $175,  the  expenditures  $14,976.24. 

Lines  of  work. — The  development,  by  scientific  experiment  and 
research,  of  a  rational  method  of  forest  management.  Investigations 
in  entomology,  mycology,  and  meteorology  as  related  to  forestry  are 
conducted. 

Moravian  Seed  Control  Station,  Neutitschein. 

Governing  hoard. — Moravian  Provincial  Committee. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Richard  Hamerak,  Dir.;  laboratory  assistant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1881  by  Dr.  Zobl  with  the  permission  of  the 
Moravian  Provincial  Committee.  In  1891  the  station  became  a  State 
institution. 

Income. — The  station  receives  a  provincial  subsidy  of  $20.26,  and 
fees  for  analyses  average  about  $18  per  year. 

Lines  of 'work. — Microscopic  examination  of  seeds,  hops,  and  feed- 
ing stuffs;  compounding  of  seed  mixtures  for  meadows  and  pastures; 
conducting  fodder-culture  courses.  After  the  erection  of  a  new  agri- 
culture laboratory,  experiments  in  bacteriology  and  plant  physiology 
will  be  undertaken. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Neutitschein. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  under  the  control  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Secondary  School  in  Neutitschein. 

Station  staff. — Alfred  Wiener,  Dir.;  one  attendant. 

Income. — Partly  supported  by  fees,  which  amount  to  about  $12  per 
annum. 

lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  agricultural  products,  such  as  potatoes, 
beets,  and  milk,  and  of  water  and  commercial  fertilizers. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  .of  the  State  Agricultural 
Secondary  School,  Oberhermsdorf. 

Governing  hoard. — Silcsian  Provincial  Committee. 
Station  staff. — Rudolf  Pfohl,  Dir.. and  Chem.;  one  attendant. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1875  by  the  Provincial  Committee. 
Lines  ofvjork. — Analysis  of  feeding  stuffs,  fertilizers,  waters,  beets, 
potatoes,  etc.,  and  of  articles  used  by  farmers. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Council 
for  Upper  Austria,  Otterbach,  near  Scharding. 

Governing  hoard. — Agricultural  Council  for  Upper  Austria,  the 
Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  reserving  the  right  to  superintend  the 
work  of  the  station. 


AVSTKIA. 


47 


Station  staff .  — FranzXav.  Eianusch,  Dir.  and  Chem.;  one  attendant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1900  by  the  Upper  Austrian  Agricultural 
Council  through  an  agreement  with  Lord  George  Wieninger,  by  which 
the  latter  placed  at  the  <li-p<>>al  of  the  council,  until  further  notice,  the 
necessary  room  for  laboratories  and  ground  for  an  experiment  held. 

Income.— Total  budget  for  1900.  $1,073. 78;  Pees  for  analyses  in  L900, 
$163.29.  The  governmental  subsidy  for  the  station  is  $810.40;  that  of 
the  province.  $202.60. 

Lines  of  work — Scientific  and  practical  investigations  in  animal  and 
plant  production;  investigations  and  analyses  in  connection  with  the 
practice  of  agriculture  and  the  marketing  of  its  raw  products,  espe- 
cially the  analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs3  foods,  and 
seeds,  at  the  request  of  official-,  corporations,  societies,  and  private 
persons;  dissemination  of  information  by  consultation  and  correspond- 
ence: the  giving  of  expert  information  for  officials  and  agricultural 
corporations;  the  training  of  agricultural  chemists  and  agriculturists 
for  the  investigation  of  agricultural  product-  and  supplies. 

Provincial  Agricultural  Institute  and  Experiment  Station,  Parenzo. 

Governing  board. — Provincial  Agricultural  Committee  of  [stria. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  J.  B.  Cucovich,  Dir. ;  Dr.  Gherardo  Catani, 
V.  Dir.;  Donato  Libutti,  Assoc.;  director's  secretary;  attendant:  cel- 
lar master:  gardener. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1  ^7->  by  the  [strian  Agricultural  Committee. 
From  1875  to  1882  it  consisted  of  an  experiment  cellar  only.  In  1882 
a  two-year  cenological  and  pomological  course  was  added.  In  1892 
the  institute  and  experiment  station  were  opened,  and  in  L900  a  three- 
year  course  was  added.  There  are  branch  field  schools  at  Tisino  and 
■sola. 

Income. — Budget  of  institute  and  station  for  L901,  $9,522.20;  provin- 
cial subsidy  for  institute  and  -tat ion.  $1, 539.76. 

lAnesof  work.  Chemical  investigation  of  agricultural  products  and 
articles  used  by  farmer-,  especially  grapes,  must,  w  ine,  sulphur,  blue 
vitriol,  soils,  and  fertilizers;  seed  control;  study  of  plant  diseases. 

Chemical  Laboratory,  Pilsen. 

The  laboratory  was  established  in  L886  by  Y.  Kundrat.  owner  and 
director  of  the  laboratory.  In  1890  the  Pilsen  Assembly  subsidized 
the  laboratory,  and  as  a  consequence  the  director  is  placed  under  obli- 
gations to  make  investigations  and  conduct  experiments  for  the 
farmers  in  the  vicinity,  a  reasonable  fee.  regulated  by  the  assembly, 
being  exacted.  In  L897  the  director  was  appointed  city  chemist,  and 
in  1900  he  was  authorized  to  analyze  foods.  'I  ne  budget  of  the  station 
is  about  $203;  the  total  receipts  for  1900,  including  a  subsidy  of 
1202.60,  were  $952.22. 


48 


EXPERIMENT   STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station  of  the  German 
Section  of  the  Agricultural  Council  for  the  Kingdom  of  Bohemia,  Prague. 

Governing  hoard. — Agricultural  Council  of  the  Kingdom  of  Bohemia. 

Station  staff. — Josef  Klaudi,  Dir.  Ohem.  Lab.;  Dr.  J.  Nickerl,  Dir. 
Si  ed  C  ont  ml  Sta. 

Origin. — The  station  was  established  in  1877  by  the  Agricultural 
Council. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control;  analysis  of  fertilizers,  soils,  sugar 
beets,  potatoes,  etc. :  investigation  of  plant  diseases  and  noxious  insects 
and  of  foods  and  feeding  stuffs. 

Agricultural  Physiological  Experiment  Station  of  the  Bohemian  Section  of 
the  Agricultural  Council  for  the  Kingdom  of  Bohemia,  Prague. 

Governing  board. — Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Provin- 
cial Committee  of  the  Kingdom  of  Bohemia. 

Statin,,  staff. — Dr.  Julius  Stoklasa,  Dir.;  Dr.  Franz  Bubak,  Chief 
Div.  ofVeg.  Path.;  B.  Prochiizka.  Agr.;  Eugen  Vitek,  Chern.;  Josef 
Smahel,  Ohem.;  two  attendants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1899  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture 
and  the  Ministry  of  Education  and  Religion.  The  station  and  the  Tech- 
nical High  School  are  in  the  same  buildings,  but  have  no  organic  con- 
nection. This  station  is  in  close  relation  with  the  sugar  experiment 
station  of  which  Prof.  Karl  Preis  is  director. 

Equipment. — Chemical,  physiological,  and  bacteriological  labora- 
tories; glass  house  for  physiological  experiments,  and  a  biological 
room  for  the  study  of  the  vital  processes  of  microbes. 

Income. — Subsidies  amounting  to  81. 215. 60  (Royal  Ministry  of  Agri- 
culture. S81CU0;  Provincial  Committee,  $405.20). 

Lines  of  work. — The  physiological  section  and  seed  control  station 
are  devoted  to  the  improvement  of  the  quality  of  grains  and  hoed 
crops;  the  section  of  bacteriology  and  pathology  to  the  sudy  of  plant 
diseases  and  to  micro-biological  studies  in  plant  production;  the  chem- 
ical section  to  the  investigation  by  chemical  means  of  problems  similar 
to  those  above. 

Experiment  Station  for  the  Sugar  Industry,  Prague. 

Governing  hoard. — Society  for  the  Sugar  Industry  in  Prague. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  K.  Preis,  Dir.;  K.  Andrlik,  Chief  of  Div.  of 
Tech.  Chem.;  Dr.  Julius  Stoklasa,  Chief  'of  Div.  of  Physiol '.  and  Path, 
of  the  Sugar  Beet;  E.  Votocek.  Chief  of  Div.  for  Sci.  Invest,  with 
Carbohydrates;  V.  Stanek,  E.  Vitek,  Assts.;  six  volunteers;  one 
attendant. 

Orig in.—  Founded  in  1806  in  connection  with  the  department  of 
analytical  chemistry  in  the  Technical  High  School  under  permission 


AUSTRIA. 


49 


from  the  Ministry  of  Education  and  Religion  and  with  the  understand- 
ing that  the  Society  for  the  Sugar  Industry  in  Prague  meet  all  addi- 
tional expenses. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  of  the  Technical  High  School,  which  are 
also  used  by  the  Agricultural  Physiological  Experiment  Station. 

Income. — Budget  for  1900,  $2,431.20.  The  station  receives  a  sub- 
sidy of  $810.40  from  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  of  $202.60 
from  the  Bohemian  Assembly. 

Lines  of  work. — Technical  chemical  investigations  in  the  manufacture 
of  beet  sugar,  investigations  in  plant  physiology  for  the  purpose  of 
introducing  rational  methods  of  cultivating  the  sugar  beet,  and  study  of 
beet  diseases. 

Experiment  Station  for  the  Distilling  Industry,  Prague. 

Governing  hoard. — Society  of  Distillers  in  Prague. 

Station  staff. — Anton  Nydrle,  Dir. ;  Camill  Havelka,  Chem.;  labor- 
atory assistant.  The  students  of  the  Distillery  School  assist  in  the 
experiment  station  laboratories  for  the  practice  it  gives  them. 

Origin. — Established  in  1881  in  connection  with  the  Distillery  School, 
which  in  the  year  1900-1901  received  22  student-. 

Income. — Budget  for  1900  for  both  station  and  school,  £2,026.  The 
receipts  from  analyses  in  1900  amounted  to  only  about  £40.  The 
Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Provincial  Committee  of 
Bohemia  have  granted  a  subsidy  of  $607.80  for  the  use  of  both  station 
and  school. 

Lines  of  work. — Mycological  and  chemical  investigations  in  connec- 
tion with  both  old  and  new  processes  in  distilling  and  in  the  manu- 
facture of  liquors  and  compressed  yeast;  yeast  production  and  manu- 
facturing; analysis  of  raw  stuffs  and  manufactured  products,  perfecting 
and  introducing  rational  business  methods. 

Experiment  Station  for  the  Brewing  Industry,  Prague. 

Governing  hoard. — Directors  of  the  Society  for  the  Founding  and 
Maintenance  of  the  Experiment  Station  for  the  Brewing  Industry  in 
Bohemia. 

Station  staff. — Franz  Chodounsky,  Dir.;  Jaroslav  Sula,  Chem.  and 
Supt.oftfa  Labs.;  Wenze]  Bares,  First  Asst.;  Wenzel  Greif ,  Second 
Asst.;  bookkeeper;  laboratory  assistant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1886  by  the  Society  for  the  Founding  and 
Maintenance  of  the  Experiment  Station  for  the  Brewing  Industry  in 
Bohemia. 

Income.— Budget  for  1900,  $3,646.80.  The  receipts  for  1900  for 
analyses  and  other  investigations  amounted  to  $3,282.12. 

Lines  of  work. — The  promotion  of  brewing  interests  by  scientific 

22018— No.  112—02  4 


50 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


work  and  research;  testing  of  raw  materials  and  other  products  sent 
to  the  station;  manufacture  of  pure  yeast  cultures;  theoretical  and 
practical  control  of  improved  methods  of  work  in  breweries  and  malt 
houses;  the  giving  of  advice  to  officials,  members  of  societies,  and 
others;  the  testing  of  such  building  materials  and  machinery  and  such 
chemical  and  physical  apparatus  as  are  used  in  breweries  and  malt 
houses;  the  delivery  of  lectures  on  professional  topics  and  the  giving 
of  practice  courses  for  students. 

Agricultural  Seed  Control  Station  of  the  State  Agricultural  High  School, 

Prerau. 

Governing  hoard. — Moravian  Provincial  Committee. 
Station  staff. — Vrat.  Stohr,  Dir.;  laboratory  assistant;  gardener. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1884  by  the  Moravian  Provincial  Committee. 
Equipment. — Botanical  laboratoiy. 

Income. — Budget  for  station  work  in  1900,  about  $20.  The  station 
receives  a  State  subsidy  of  $20.26  and  fees  amounting  to  about  $10. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  seeds  and  feeding  stuffs,  botanical  anal- 
ysis of  meadow  grasses,  mechanical  analysis  and  control  of  horj*.  a 
special  study  of  beet  diseases,  qualitative  tests  of  barley  for  brewing. 
The  station  assists  the  school  with  which  it  is  connected  in  making 
collections  of  seeds  and  investigates  in  the  laboratoiy  the  crops  grown 
in  the  experiment  field  of  the  school. 

Provincial  Agricultural  Institute  and  Experiment  Station,  St.  Michael-on- 

the-Etsch. 

Governing  l><><trd. — Provincial  Committee  of  Tyrol. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Carl  Portele,  Dir.;  Josef  Schindler,  Assoc.; 
Karl  Waschata,  Rudolf  Wolf,  Karl  von  Gramabica,  Assts.  Chem. 
Students  at  the  institute  serve  for  a  time  on  the  staff  of  the  station. 
The  members  of  the  station  staff  serve  in  the  same  capacity  for  the 
institute. 

Origin. — Established  in  1871  b}T  the  Province  of  T}Trol. 

Income.—  Budget,  $1,296.61;  fees  for  analyses  in  1900,  $1,681.58. 
The  salaries  of  the  three  assistants,  amounting  to  $186.21,  arc  met  by 
subsidy  from  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — The  station  assists  T\rolese  farmers  on  all  techni- 
cal agricultural  problems,  exercises  control  over  commercial  fertilizers 
and  seeds,  and  analyzes  foods  and  agricultural  products.  Especial 
attention  is  given  to  wine  products,  also  to  such  bacteriological  studies 
as  are  of  importance  to  agriculture. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Spalato. 

Governing  hoard. — Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Franz  Guozdenovic,  Dir.;   Johann  Slaus-Kants- 


AUSTRIA. 


51 


chieder,  Camillo  Ehrmann,  Assoes.;  three  technical  assistants,  book- 
keeper,  laborer,  attendant. 

Or  J  (j  in. — The  station  was  established  in  1891  by  the  Royal  Ministry 
of  Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  for  chemical  investigations  and  experi- 
ments, technical  museum  for  illustrative  purposes. 

Income. — Total  budget,  $7,091;  fees  for  analyses  in  1900,  $1,013. 

Lines  of  work. — Scientific  research  and  chemical  and  microscopic 
investigations,  with  special  reference  to  the  three  principal  Dalmatian 
products — wine,  oil,  and  silk;  study  of  means  for  combating  the 
diseases  of  field  crops;  analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers  and  feeding 
stuffs;  and  analytical  and  microscopic  work  for  the  ministry  of  agri- 
culture and  other  officials,  as  well  as  for  societies  and  private  persons. 
Information  to  public  officials  and  others  is  given  by  lectures,  consul- 
tations, and  correspondence. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Tabor. 

Governing  hoard. — Trustees  of  the  Agricultural  Academy. 

Station  staff. — Franz  Farsky,  Dir. ;  laboratory  assistant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1S74  by  the  trustees  of  the  Provincial  Agri- 
cultural High  School. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory  and  vegetation  house,  the  former 
a  sirup  factory,  rebuilt  in  1875. 

Income. — The  trustees  of  the  academy  appropriated  1222.86  for  sta- 
tion work  in  1901. 

Lines  of  work. — Agricultural  chemical  studies  in  plant  and  animal 
production,  studies  in  the  industries  related  to  agriculture,  investiga- 
tion of  agricultural  products  and  control  of  agricultural  supplies, 
anal}Tsis  of  agricultural  products  and  of  the  by-products  in  the  indus- 
tries related  to  agriculture,  experiments  with  fertilizers,  investigations 
in  plant  nutrition  in  natural  or  prepared  soils,  digestion  experiments. 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Academy, 

Tabor. 

Governing  hoard. — Trustees  of  the  Agricultural  Academy. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Theodor  Erben,  Dir.;  Adalbert  Netik,  Asst.; 
lal >oratory  assistant. 

Origin. — The  station  was  first  established  in  1893  as  a  seed  control 
station  in  connection  with  the  academy,  but  in  1895  the  scope  of  its 
activity  was  broadened  to  include  all  phases  of  plant  production. 

Income.— $3,444.20. 

Lines  of  work. —  Investigation  of  various  cultivated  plants,  their 
nutrition,  diseases,  etc.;  seed  control;  instruction  to  farmers  on  the 
cultivation  and  manuring  of  field  crops. 


52 


EXPEKIMENT  STATIONS   IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  of  the  State  Agricultural  Acad- 
emy, Tetschen-Liebwerd. 

Governing  hoard.—  Bohemian  Provincial  Committee. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  Josef  Seissl,  Dir.;  laboratory  assistant. 
Origin. — Founded  in  I8t>5  by  the  trustees  of  the  then  Agricultural 
High  School. 

Equipment. — The  chemical  technological  laboratory  of  the  academy. 
Income. — For  the  laboratory  and  experiment  station,  $324.16. 
Lines  of  work. — The  scientific  investigation  of  problems  in  agricul- 
tural chemistry. 

Experiment  Station  for  Flax  Culture,  Trautenau. 

Governing;  hoard. — Association  of  Austrian  Flax  and  Linen  Pro- 
ducers in  Trautenau,  subject  to  supervision  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of 
Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Camill  Hoffmeister,  Dir.  <m</  Chem.;  two  attend- 
ants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  by  the  association  mentioned  above. 

Equipment. — Building  containing  well  equipped  bacteriological  lab- 
oratoiy  and  chemical  laboratory;  experiment  garden  and  experiment 
field. 

Income. — The  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  appropriates  $1,215.60 
a  year  for  the  support  of  the  station,  and  the  Association  of  Austrian 
Flax  and  Linen  Producers  provides  the  remaining  funds  necessary  to 
meet  the  running  expenses  of  the  station.  The  total  budget  varies 
from  $1,600  to  $2,000. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  growing,  dressing,  and  manufac- 
turing flax.  The  investigations  include  chemical,  physiological,  and 
agricul  tural  studies. 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Troppau. 

Governing  hoard . — Provincial  Committee  of  Silesia. 
Station  staff. — Otto  Kambersky,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  as  a  private  station  by  the  present  director. 
In  1900  it  became  a  provincial  institution. 

Equipmt mt.  —  Laboratory  at  Troppau;  experiment  held  at  Salasz, 
established  and  maintained  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Income.  —  The  station  receives  about  $200  a  year  from  the  Royal 
Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Provincial  Committee  of  Silesia.  The 
fees  for  analyses  in  1900  amounted  to  about  $152. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  and  investigations  in  plant  production, 
laboratoiy  and  held  experiments  for  the  improvement  of  seeds  and 
the  testing  of  varieties,  entomological  investigations,  control  of  seeds 
and  feeding  stuffs. 


AUSTRIA. 


53 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Vienna. 

Governing  board. — Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  F.  W.  Dafert,  Dir.;  Prof.  J.  F.  Wolfbauer,  Dr. 
Eduard  Hoppe,  Adolf  Halla,  Assocs. ;  Otto  Reitmair,  Dr.  Franz  Freyer, 
Dr.  Wilhelm  Bersch,  Maximilian  Ripper,  Dr.  Theodor  Schmitt,  Assts.; 
a  large  number  of  helpers,  volunteers,  clerks,  and  attendants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1869  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
At  first  provided  with  rooms  in  the  Military  Veterinary  Institute,  but 
removed  in  1894  to  a  building  erected  for  the  purpose  at  a  cost  of 

Equipment. — A  building  provided  with  all  modern  apparatus,  in 
which  the  following  divisions  are  located:  Laboratories  for  agricul- 
tural chemistry  and  technical  chemistry,  institute  for  the  investigation 
of  foods  and  petroleum,  division  for  plant  protection  and  bacterio- 
logical investigations,  division  for  the  culture  of  mouse  typhus.  A 
branch  vegetation  station  is  located  at  Korneuburg. 

Income.— Total  budget,  $20,260;  fees  for  analyses  for  1900,115,195. 

Lines  of  work. — Scientific  research  in  animal  and  plant  production; 
investigations  and  analyses  in  subjects  closely  identified  with  agricul- 
tural practice,  especially  the  investigation  and  control  of  fertilizers 
and  feeding  stuffs;  and  the  conducting  of  analytical,  physiological,  and 
microscopic  investigations  for  the  ministry  of  agriculture  and  other 
authorities,  as  well  as  for  societies  and  private  persons.  Information 
to  the  public  is  given  by  lectures,  consultations,  and  correspondence. 

Seed  Control  Station  (Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station),  Vienna. 

Governing  board. —  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Theodor  Ritter  von  Weinzierl,  Dir.;  Gustav 
Panimer,  Demeter  Sakellario,  Assocs.;  Josef  Hojesky,  Karl  Komers, 
Assts.;  Eligius  Freudl,  Emil  von  Haunalter,  Aspirants;  one  chemist 
and  four  assistants;  one  assistant  for  the  alpine  experiments;  three 
clerks;  two  attendants. 

Origin.  -Established  in  1881  in  a  private  dwelling  by  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society  of  Vienna  and  subsidized  by  the  Royal  Ministry 
of  Agriculture;  moved  in  1886  to  the  rooms  of  the  society;  reorgan- 
ized and  broadened  in  1895  and  brought  under  the  control  of  the  Royal 
Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Equipim  tit.  —Laboratory  for  seed  test  ing;  room  for  beet  seed;  veg- 
etation house;  chemical,  botanical,  and  micro- bacteriological  labora- 
tories with  adjacent  offices  and  other  rooms;  experimental  gardens 
for  grain,  seed,  and  fodder  production  at  Melk,  Siebenbrunn,  and 
Schwechat;  an  alpine  station,  and  three  alpine  experiment  fields. 

*  In  October,  1901,  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  established  at  this  station 
two  new  divisions:  (1)  Division  for  moor  culture  and  peat  utilization,  Dr.  AV.  Bersch, 
chief;  (2)  division  for  plant  culture,  Otto  Reitmair,  chief. 


54 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Income. — Total  budget  for  1900,  including  the  endowment  for  alpine 
and  flax  experiments.  $13,006.92;  fees  for  analyses  in  1900,  about 
£4.86:2.40. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  all  agricultural  and  forest 
seeds:  microscopic  examination  of  concentrated  feeding  stuffs;  analyt- 
ical, physiological,  and  microscopic  investigations  for  the  Royal  Minis- 
try of  Agriculture  and  other  officials,  societies,  and  private  persons; 
the  dissemination  of  information  to  the  public  by  consultation  and 
correspondence;  investigations  in  the  production  of  plants,  seeds,  and 
fodders,  and  in  vegetable  pathology,  partly  in  the  laboratories  and 
vegetation  house  and  partly  in  the  experimental  fields. 

Chemical  Technical  Experiment  Station  of  the  Central  Society  for  the  Beet- 
Sug-ar  Industry  in  the  Austro-Hungarian  Empire,  Vienna. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  of  the  Central  Society  for  the  Beet- 
Sugar  Industry  in  the  Austro-Hungarian  Empire. 

Stat ion  staff. — Friedrich  Strohmer,  Dir.;  Anton  Stift.  V.  I>ir.: 
Ottokar  Fallada.  Lid  nS(  d  Exp  /•/.  a  \Jssoc.  ;  Dr.  Adalbert  Fernau,  Albert 
Blau,  and  Dr.  Moritz  Stoffell,  Assts.;  three  clerks;  three  attendants. 

Origin. — This  is  the  oldest  station  in  Austria,  and  was  established 
by  the  society  mentioned  in  1859  in  the  Konigsaal  Sugar  Factory  in 
Bohemia.  In  LS»>7  it  was  moved  to  Prague  and  in  L870  to  Vienna. 
At  this  time  Dr.  O.  Kohlrausch  became  director  and  remained  in  that 
position  until  he  was  retired  on  a  pension  in  1SS7. 

Equipment. — Accommodations  are  provided  for  three  divisions — the 
division  for  scientific  investigation,  the  division  for  commercial  anal- 
yses, and  the  division  of  plant  physiology. 

Income. — Maintained  by  the  Central  Society  at  an  annual  cost  of 
about  $11,750. 

Lines  of  work. — The  station  staff  endeavors  to  keep  pace  with  the 
progress  of  sugar  making  and  to  study  and  experiment  upon  all  new 
processes  in  the  production  of  sugar,  so  that  anything  of  real  value 
can  be  recommended  to  the  producers  of  the  district:  analyzes  the 
products  of  factories  and  farms:  gives  gratuitous  information  regard- 
ing beet  diseases  and  patents  that  concern  sugar  producers:  edits  the 
technical  parts  of  the  Osterreichisch-^ungarisch<  Zeitschrift  der  Zucker- 
industrie  und  Landwirthschaft^  published  by  the  Central  Society,  and 
gives  instruction  in  the  chemistry  of  sugar  making  to  young  men  who 
wish  to  devote  themselves  to  that  business. 

Austrian  Experiment  Station  and  Academy  for  the  Brewing-  Industry, 

Vienna. 

Governing  board. — Under  the  control  of  the  society  "Austrian 
Experiment  Station  for  Brewers  and  Maltsters." 

Statin,,  staff. — Prof.  Fr.  Schwackhofer.  Dir. ;  Dr.  H.  Wichmann, 


AUSTRIA. 


55 


Dir.  of  thi  Biol.  Lab.;  Eduard  Jalowetz,  Dir.  of  the  Chern.  Lab.; 
Dr,  H.  Zikes,  Assoc.;  (j.  Ewald,  O.  Huss,  O.  Toinanek,  Assts.;  three 
clerks;  three  helpers;  machinist;  fireman;  brewer  in  the  experimental 
brewery. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1887  b}r  the  society  mentioned  as  a  chemical 
physiological  laboratory;  broadened  to  its  present  scope  in  1895. 

Equipm ^//.—Chemical  laboratory,  biological  laboratory,  academy 
for  the  brewing  industry,  brewery  and  malt  house  for  instruction  and 
experiments. 

Income,—  Budget  for  1900,  $13,371.60;  the  station  is  subsidized  by 
the  above  society  to  the  amount  of  $2,836.40  and  in  1900  collected 
fees  for  analyses  amounting  to  about  $8,91-1. 

Lines  of  work. — Scientific  investigation  of  all  materials  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  beer  and  of  the  manufactured  products  of  breweries 
and  malt  houses;  testing  of  machinery  and  apparatus;  inspection  of 
brewery  products;  making  of  pure  cultures;  instruction  in  brewing 
and  malting;  practical  experiments  in  the  experimental  brewery. 

Agricultural  Bacteriological  and  Plant  Protection  Station,  Vienna. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  control  of  the  Agricultural  Chemical 
Experiment  Station,  Vienna. 

Station  *t<itf. — Dr.  Karl  Kornauth,  Dir.;  Dr.  L.  Hecke,  Assoc.; 
assistants,  and  laboratory  helpers. 

Origin. — The  station  had  its  origin  in  the  bacteriological  laboratory 
established  by  the  Royal  Ministry  of  Agriculture  in  1891  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Military  Veterinary  Institute.  In  1897  this  laboratory 
was  discontinued,  but  part  of  its  functions  were  turned  over  to  the 
recently  established  bacteriological  division  of  the  Agricultural  Chemi- 
cal Experiment  Station  in  Vienna.  This  division  was  moved  into  a 
new  building  in  September,  1901,  and  designated  Ivy  the  title  Agricul- 
tural Bacteriological  Institute.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1901  work 
in  plant  protection  was  added  and  the  institute  was  given  its  present 
title.  For  financial  reasons  the  station  is  still  under  the  administration 
of  the  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station. 

Equiprrii  nt. — A  new  two-story  and  basement  stone  laboratory  build- 
ing, erected  and  furnished  at  a  cost  of  over  $34,000.  The  building 
includes  offices,  a  library,  and  auditorium;  bacteriological,  botanical, 
and  chemical  laboratories;  incubator  and  sterilizer  rooms;  rooms  and 
cages  for  animals  used  in  pathological  investigations;  crematory,  plant 
house,  dwelling  rooms,  work  rooms,  etc.  There  are  also  greenhouses, 
plant  houses,  and  experimental  plats.  All  of  the  laboratories  are  well 
equipped  with  modern  apparatus. 

Li  in*  of  work. — Study  of  beneficial  and  injurious  micro-organisms, 
including  bacteria  of  soils,  fertilizers  and  plants,  as  well  as  patho- 
genic micro-organisms  affecting  cultivated  plants;  stud}T  of  plant  and 


56 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


animal  pests  and  their  parasites;  preparation  of  tuberculin,  mouse 
t}^phus,  and  other  bacteria  cultures;  the  investigation  of  plant  diseases 
caused  by  inorganic  influences,  such  as  smoke  and  smelter  gases,  frost, 
etc. ;  collection  and  publication  of  statistics  on  plant  diseases  and  pests, 
and  the  publishing  of  information  regarding  all  investigations  for  the 
benefit  of  farmers.  The  station  is  required  to  conduct  investigations 
for  the  Ro}ral  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  to  give  advice  and  informa- 
tion to  the  public. 

BELGIUM. 

Belgian  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Brussels. 

Bon  M.  Van  der  Bruggen,  Minis,  of  Agr. 

The  Belgian  Ministry  of  Agriculture  was  organized  in  1884  as  the 
Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Industry,  and  Public  Works,  which  designa- 
tion it  retained  until  1899.  It  includes  four  bureaus:  The  bureau  of 
agriculture,  comprising  four  divisions,  which  have  charge  of  (1)  the 
work  of  inspection,  (w2)  animal  industry,  (3)  agricultural  instruction 
and  research,  (1)  advice  and  instruction  to  agriculturists,  cooperation 
with  farmers,  agricultural  economy,  and  agricultural  statistics;  the 
bureau  of  waters  and  forests,  comprising  three  divisions,  which  are 
concerned  with  (1)  general  supervision  of  forests,  hunting,  and  fish- 
ing, (2)  management  of  forests,  cutting  of  timber,  research  work,  etc., 
(3)  affairs  in  litigation,  the  regime  of  foresters,  and  uncultivated  soils; 
the  bureau  of  public  health  and  hygiene,  comprising  three  divisions, 
which  have  charge  of  (1)  the  inspection  of  foods  and  waters,  (2)  medi-' 
cal  instruction  and  legislation,  cemeteries,  etc.,  (3)  sewers,  streets, 
public  highways,  tolls,  railways,  and  the  regulation  of  the  same,  etc.; 
and  the  bureau  of  fine  arts,  having  charge  of  instruction  in  drawing, 
painting,  and  music. 

As  already  indicated,  the  system  of  experimental  and  control  work 
is  under  the  supervision  of  the  bureau  of  agriculture.  The  Institute 
of  Chemistiy  and  Bacteriology  at  Gembloux,  and  the  State  analytical 
laboratories  at  Ghent,  Hasselt,  and  Liege  were  founded  b}^  the  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Founding  of  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations  in  Bel- 
gium, and  came  under  State  control  in  1883.  Since  that  time  the 
State  has  organized  analytical  laboratories  at  Antwerp,  Mons,  and 
Louvain.  The  bureau  of  agriculture  also  conducts  a  large  number  of 
experimental  and  demonstration  fields  in  various  parts  of  the  country. 
In  selecting  these  fields  a  soil  is  chosen  which  seems  to  be  representa- 
tive of  the  region.  The  bureau  furnishes  the  necessary  seed  and 
fertilizers,  outlines  the  work,  and  requires  from  the  owner  of  the 
farm  a  report  upon  the  result  of  the  experiments.  The  inspector- 
general  of  agriculture  is  the  departmental  officer  in  immediate  charge 
of  the  station  and  laboratories.  Subordinate  to  him  are  a  number  of 
inspectors  of  agriculture  who  supervise  the  experimental  and  demon- 


BELGIUM. 


57 


station  fields,  inspect  the  agricultural,  horticultural,  and  dairy  col- 
leges and  schools,  and  confer  with  agriculturists  regarding"  the 
organization  of  societies  and  the  establishment  of  provincial  schools 
for  the  giving  of  short  courses  of  instruction  in  agriculture,  dairying, 
horticulture,  zootechny,  apiculture,  etc.  Annual  reports  of  the  Insti- 
tute of  Chemistry  and  Bacteriology  at  Gembloux  and  of  the  analytical 
laboratories  and  demonstration  fields  in  various  parts  of  Belgium  are 
published  in  the  Bulletin  de  V Agriculture  {Bruxelles). 

Analytical  Laboratory,  Antwerp. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  local  committee 
of  live  members. 

Station  staff. — D.  Crispo,  Dir.;  a  chief  assistant,  two  assistants, 
and  a  clerk. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1885,  by  the  State.  * 
Equipment,- — Laboratory  building  containing  an  office,  an  analytical 
laboratory,  a  balance  room  furnished  with  balances,  polariscope,  micro- 
scopes, etc.,  and  a  workroom. 

Income. — Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyses. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  agricultural  products;  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work  the  station  performs  two  special  duties:  It  verifies,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories;  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  of  samples  taken 
in  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stuffs. 

Agricultural  and  Hygienic  Laboratory,  Bruges. 

Lobau,  Dir. 

Agricultural  and  Hygienic  Laboratory,  Courtrai. 

D'Hondt,  Dir. 

Institute  of  Chemistry  and  Bacteriology  (Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 
tion), Gembloux. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  A.  Petermann,  Dir.;  A.  Gregoire,  (  'hiefDiv.  of 
Chem.;  L.  Kerny,  Chief  Div.  of  Bad.;  Joseph  Hendrick.  Asst.  Chem.; 
Emile  Carpiaux,  Asst.  Chem.;  L.  Parmans,  Asst.  Bact.;  D.  Delaude, 
Accountant;  a  helper. 

Origin. — Organized  and  opened  to  the  public  in  1872  by  the  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Founding  of  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations  in  Bel- 
gium, which  received  from  the  Government  an  annual  subsidy  of 
$2,000  (later  $2,800)  and  a  special  subsidy  of  $4,000  for  the  establish- 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


mentof  this  station.  In  1883  the  State  government  assumed  control! 
of  the  station  and  became  responsible  for  its  financial  support.  In 
1892  this  and  other  stations  that  had  been  established  underwent  a 
reorganization  by  which  analytical  and  control  work  for  corporations 
and  private  person-  was  given  over  entirely  to  State  analytical  labora- 
tories, and  research  work  became  the  principal  function  of  this  station. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  present  year  (1902)  the  station  was  again 
reorganized,  a  division  of  bacteriology  was  added,  and  the  name  was 
changed  to  its  present  form. 

Equipment. — A  well-furnished  chemical  laboratory,  containing 
library,  museum,  and  apartments  for  experiments  on  the  nutrition  of 
animals,  and  provided  with  electric  lights  and  petroleum  and  hot-air 
engines:  an  experimental  garden  and  field,  a  vegetation  house  and 
boxes  for  vegetation  experiment^,  and  a  meteorological  observatory. 

Income. — All  the  expenses  of  the  station  are  paid  from  the  budget 
of  the  Mini-try  of  Agriculture. 

ZAua  8  of  work. — Research  work,  including  the  study  of  physiological, 
chemical,  and  bacteriological  questions  as  applied  to  agriculture.  No 
analyses  for  the  public  are  made,  but  for  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  a 
great  deal  of  such  work  is  done.  The  analytical  work  includes  the 
analysis  of  fertilizers  and  seeds  for  use  in  the  experimental  fields  and 
of  the  products  of  the  fields,  physical-chemical  analysis  of  soils  for  the 
purpose  of  preparing  soil  maps,  analysis  of  water-  and  foods,  and 
meteorological  observations.  In  case  of  differences  between  any  of  the 
analytical  laboratories  regarding  the  analysis  of  any  article,  the  com- 
mittee  having  charge  of  the  laboratories  refers  the  matter  to  the  station 
at  Gem  bio  ux.  Reports  of  the  work  at  Gembloux  are  published  in 
the  Bulletin  d\  VAgricvJUur<  (BntxeUes)  and  in  bulletins  of  the  insti- 
tute. 

Dairy  Station,  Gembloux. 

Governing  board. — A  committee  composed  of  several  men  of  note 
in  dairy  husbandry,  the  inspector  of  agriculture,  and  the  inspector  of 
feeding  stuffs. 

Station  staff— Dr.  M.  M.  Henseval,  Dir. 

Origin.  —  This  station  was  established  early  in  1901.  in  accordance 
with  a  royal  decree  of  December  24.  l!*oo.  It  is  maintained  in  con- 
nection with  the  Agricultural  Institute  of  Gembloux.  but  is  under  the 
management  of  a  special  committee  named  by  the  Minister  of  Agri- 
culture. 

Equipment. — The  station  is  installed  in  the  buildings  of  the  dairy 
at  the  farm  of  the  AfirricuJtura]  Institute,  where  a  large  laboratory  is 

s  s  » 

utilized  for  chemical  and  bacteriological  investigations  and  all  the 
apparatus  necessary  for  l'esearch  work  is  provided. 

Lines  of  work. — Dairy  investigations,  tests  of  dairy  machinery, 
feeding  experiments,  etc. 


BELGIUM. 


59 


Analytical  Laboratory,  Gembloux. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Lgriculture  and  a  local  committee 
of  five  members. 

Station  staff. — Charles  Masson,  Dir.;  a  chief  assistant,  four  assist- 
ant-, and  a  clerk. 

Origin. — Established  in  1887. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  building  containing-  on  the  first  floor  a 
laboratory  for  the  analysis  of  fertilizers,  a  balance  room,  and  a  work- 
room; on  the  second  floor  the  office  of  the  director,  library,  labora- 
j  tory  for  the  analysis  of  foods,  two  laboratories  for  the  analysis  of 
beets,  and  a  dark  room;  in  the  basement  a  gas  machine  and  heating 
apparatus.    The  laboratory  is  thoroughly  equipped  throughout. 

Income. — Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyses. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  stuff's, 
and  agricultural  products;  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work,  the  station  performs  two  special  duties:  It  verifies,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories;  and  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  of  samples  taken 
in  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stuff's. 

Provincial  Experimental  Garden,  Ghent. 

Sfaf.—F.  de  Caluwe.  Dir. 

The  Province  of  East  Flanders  maintains  at  Ghent  an  experimental 
garden  with  an  area  of  about  '2k  acres  and  containing  a  dwelling, 
stables,  and  vegetation  cases.  Systematic  experiments  are  conducted 
with  various  manures  and  cereals,  legumes,  forage  and  root  crops,  and 
industrial  products,  such  as  flax  and  chicory.  Other  lines  of  work 
include  variety  tests,  tests  of  different  quantities  of  seed  per  acre, 
experiments  in  the  management  of  meadows  and  old  pastures,  investi- 
gation of  the  injurious  effects  of  nitrate4  of  soda  and  other  salts  on  field 
crops,  and  meteorological  observations.  Some  of  the  experiments 
have  been  conducted  a  series  of  years.  The  station  publishes  annual 
reports  of  its  work. 

Analytical  Laboratory,  Ghent. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  local  committee 
of  five  members. 

Station  staff . — P.  Nyssens,  Dir.;  three  assistants;  a  clerk. 

Origin.  —Established  in  1875  by  the  Association  for  the  Founding 
of  Experiment  Stations;  came  under  State  control  in  18S3. 

Equipment. — A  laboratory  building,  containing  two  analytical  rooms, 
balance  room,  workroom,  office,  and  parlor.    The  chemical  labora- 


60 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


tories  are  fitted  with  special  ventilating  apparatus  by  which  the  air  in 
the  rooms  is  kept  at  a  greater  pressure  than  that  outside.  In  the 
dwelling  occupied  by  the  janitor  is  a  room  for  microscopic  work,  and 
a  bacteriological  laboratory. 

Ineoms. — Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyse-. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  >t  lifts, 
and  agricultural  products;  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work  the  station  performs  two  special  duties:  It  verities,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories,  and  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  of  samples  taken 
iu  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stuffsl 

Analytical  Laboratory,  Hasselt. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  local  committee  of 
five  members. 

Station  staff. — Mercier,  Dir.;  two  assistants,  and  a  clerk. 

Origin.  Established  in  1878  by  the  Association  for  the  Founding 
of  Experiment  Stations;  came  under  State  control  in  L883. 

Equi  '/>//>>  at.  —  Laboratory  building,  containing  a  balance  room,  analvt- 
ical  laboratory  with  room  and  equipment  for  two  chemists,  laboratory 
for  distillations,  sugar-beet  laboratory,  workroom,  library,  office,  and 
a  public  room  for  consultations. 

Income.—  Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyses. 

Line*  of  irorl\- — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  stuft's. 
and  agricultural  products:  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work  the  station  performs  two  special  duties:  It  verities,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories:  and  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  of  samples  taken 
in  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stufts. 

Analytical  Laboratory,  Liege. 

Govt  mi  mi  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  local  committee  of 
four  members. 

Stat  inn  staff. — De  Molinari,  Dir. ;  chief  of  the  division  of  chemistry; 
chief  of  the  division  of  bacteriology  and  microscopy:  tive  assistants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1878  by  the  Association  for  the  Founding  of 
Experiment  Station-:  came  under  State  control  in  1883. 

Equipment.  —An  analytical  laboratory  building,  containing  the  office 
of  the  director,  balance  room,  large  analytical  laboratory  with  proT 
vision  for  four  chemists,  laboratory  for  the  analysis  of  sugar  beets, 
workroom,  and  glass  house.     In  a  separate  building  is  the  division  of 


BELGIUM. 


61 


bacteriology  and  microscopy,  which  is  provided  with  a  workroom, 
room  for  microscopic  and  bacteriological  work,  dark  room,  culture 
room,  and  glass  house. 

Income. — Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyses. 

Lines  of  toork. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  agricultural  products:  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work  the  station  perform-  two  special  duties:  It  verities,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories:  and  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  of  samples  taken 
in  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stutis. 

Analytical  Laboratory.  Louvain. 

Governing  7><»'/-J. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  local  committee 
of  live  members. 

Station  staff. — J.  Graftiau.  D  'u\;  three  assistants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1883  as  a  private  laboratory  by  P.  Claes.  who 
became  director  of  the  laboratory  when  it  was  purchased  by  the  State 
in  1885. 

Equipment. — In  the  basement  of  the  laboratory  building  are  found 
apparatus  for  blowpipe  analysis,  machinery  for  the  preparation  of 
samples,  dry  kiln,  apparatus  for  the  distillation  of  water  and  rectifica- 
tion of  alcohol  and  other  residues.  On  the  first  floor  are  found  the 
office  of  the  director,  library,  photographic  laboratory,  analytical 
laboratory,  and  a  room  for  balances,  microscopes,  and  polariscope.  In 
addition  to  the  ordinary  equipment  the  laboratory  contains  a  complete 
installation  for  electrical  analysis. 

Income. — Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyses. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  staffs, 
and  agricultural  products:  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work  the  station  performs  two  special  duties:  It  verities,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories;  and  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  «>f  samples  taken 
in  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stuffs. 

Analytical  Laboratory,  Moris. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  local  committee 
of  tive  members. 

Station  staff. — Fl.  Warsage,  J>ir.;  four  assistants,  and  a  clerk. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1885  by  the  State. 

Eguvpment. — The  laboratory  building  contains  the  ottice  of  the 
director,  which  is  furnished  with  microscopes  and  other  optical  appa- 


62  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


rat  us;  a  room  for  balances  and  other  apparatus  and  samples;  the 
laboratory  proper,  which  contains  three  rooms — the  first  provided  with 
equipment  and  room  for  five  chemists,  the  second  serving  as  a  room 
for  the  preparation  of  samples,  and  the  third  as  a  laboratory  for  dis- 
tillations. A  structure  for  the  storing  of  explosives  and  other  dan- 
gerous substances  is  completely  isolated  from  the  laboratory. 

Income. — Supported  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  fees  for 
analyses. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  foods,  feeding  stuff's, 
and  agricultural  products;  seed  testing.  In  addition  to  this  general 
work  the  station  performs  two  special  duties:  It  verities,  gratuitously 
for  the  purchaser,  merchandise  sold  by  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
have  accepted  the  control  of  the  State  laboratories;  and  it  participates 
concurrently  with  other  laboratories  in  the  analysis  of  samples  taken 
in  execution  of  the  regulations  governing  the  trade  in  feeding  stuns. 

Provincial  Agricultural  Laboratory,  Roulers. 

Station  staff. — Jules  van  den  Berghe,  Dir. 

This  laboratory  was  established  by  the  Province  of  West  Flanders 
in  1ST5.  The  equipment  is  ample  for  the  needs  of  the  laboratoiy  and 
the  director  has  two  assistants  and  one  helper.  The  work  includes  the 
analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  foods,  and  feeding  stuhV,  the  testing 
of  seeds,  and  the  analysis  of  agricultural  products.  Annual  reports 
are  published  by  the  station. 

Garden  of  the  Society  for  Vegetable  Culture,  St.  Nicolas. 

Staff. — C.  Amelinckx,  Dir. 

The  Society  for  Vegetable  Culture  of  St.  Nicolas  established  in  1890 
a  station  for  practical  experiments  to  improve  old  methods  of  culture. 
The  equipment  of  the  station  consists  of  a  number  of  vegetation  cases 
and  a  garden.  The  station  is  subsidized  hy  the  Government  and  by 
the  town  of  St.  Nicolas.  The  lines  of  work  include  tests  of  new  varieties 
of  legumes  and  garden  vegetables  and  experiments  with  various 
chemical  fertilizers.  Annual  reports  of  the  work  are  made  to  the 
Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  published  in  Bulletin  de  PAgricv.lt ure 
( Bruxelles). 

Agricultural  and  Hygienic  Laboratory,  St.  Nicola* 

Dr.  Wbdon,  Dir. 

BOSNIA  AND  HERZEGOVINA. 

Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Stations. 

The  agricultural  stations  and  the  fruit  and  vine  culture  stations  of 
Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  are  not  experiment  stations  such  as  we  find 
in  western  Europe  and  the  United  States.    Rather,  they  are  model 


BOSNIA   AND  HERZEGOVINA. 


63 


farms  intended  to  instruct  farmers,  stock  misers,  and  fruit  growers 
of  the  vicinity  in  modern  methods.  At  each  station  except  the  one  at 
Lastva.  provision  is  made  for  students,  ten  or  twelve  of  whom  spend 
two  or  three  years  on  the  farm  learning  the  practical  methods  in  vogue 
there.  In  addition  each  station  serve-  as  a  center  for  the  distribution 
of  seeds,  fruit  trees,  and  cuttings  of  improved  varieties  and  for  the 
breeding  of  pure-bred  stock  that  may  be  used  by  the  stock  raisers  of 
the  region  for  the  improvement  of  the  tiocks  and  herds. 

The  stations  were  organized  by  the  Provincial  Bureau  of  Agricul- 
ture and  are  under  its  immediate  control.  Each  station  has  a  manager 
trained  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  farming  and  capable  of  giving 
instruction  not  only  to  the  pupils  in  his  charge,  but  also  to  the  farmers 
and  fruit  growers  of  the  region. 

Station  for  Fruit  and  Vine  Culture.  Dervent. 

Established  in  1888.  The  area  under  cultivation  includes  156  acres, 
of  which  24  acres  are  in  a  nursery  garden.  101  acres  orchard.  '21  acres 
vineyard,  and  4  acres  set  to  American  varieties  of  phylloxera-resistant 
vines,  from  which  cuttings  are  distributed  among  the  vine  growers  of 
the  region.  The  station  building  contains  an  office,  apartments  for 
the  manager,  press  room,  and  wine  cellar.  There  are  also  a  school 
building,  a  machine  shop,  and  stables.  This  station  is  more  Largely 
engaged  in  the  growing  of  stone  fruits  and  apples  and  pears  than  any 
of  the  other  fruit  stations,  but  it  also  devotes  considerable  time  and 
space  to  the  production  of  grapes  for  wine  and  for  table  use  and  to 
the  propagation  of  early  varieties  for  cool  climates. 

Agricultural  Station.  Gacko. 

Established  in  1886.  This  station  includes  three  farms— a  valley 
farm  of  647  acres,  more  than  three-fifths  of  which  is  in  pasture  and 
meadow:  a  mountain  farm  at  Zelengora  of  731  acres,  of  which  621  acres 
are  in  Woodland  and  pasture,  and  a  mountain  pasture  of  230  acres  at 
Nikolin  do.  At  the  valley  farm  the  buildings  are  of  stone  and  include 
a  dwelling,  cheese-making  room,  cheese  cellar,  stables,  etc.  On  both 
mountain  farms  there  are  dwellings  and  the  necessary  stables  for  hous- 
ing the  live  stock.  These  farms  lie  in  a  grazing  country,  and  stock 
raising,  dairying,  and  cheese  making  from  the  milk  of  both  cows  and 
sheep  are  given  much  more  attention  than  the  cultivation  of  held  crops. 

Agricultural  Station.  Ilidze. 

Established  in  1893.  The  station  includes  both  valley  and  mountain 
farms,  the  former  including  -!<»»;  acres  of  cultivated  land,  the  latter 
1,577  acres,  most  of  which  is  in  pasture  and  woodland.  The  station 
building  at  Ilidze  contains  apartments  for  the  manager,  oth'ee,  and 
schoolroom.    There  are  also  barns,  a  thrashing  building,  a  greenhouse. 


64  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


hothouses,  60  cows,  300  fowls,  and  other  domestic  animals.  While  stock 
raising  is  given  an  important  place  at  this  station,  much  more  atten- 
tion is  given  to  the  cultivation  of  crops,  and  especially  the  production 
of  fodder,  than  at  any  of  the  other  stations. 

Station  for  Fruit  and  Vine  Culture,  Lastva. 

Established  in  1894.  Of  the  95  acres  under  cultivation  at  this  sta- 
tion 72  acres  are  in  vineyard  and  12  acres  in  orchard.  The  station 
buildings  are  very  similar  to  those  at  Dervent,  except  that  there  is  a 
building  for  the  accommodation  of  families  who  attend  the  winter 
school.  The  work  of  the  station  includes  the  improvement  of  methods 
of  vine  culture  and  of  wine  making,  the  production  of  other  fruits  and 
nuts,  and  the  conducting  of  a  winter  school  for  the  vine  and  fruit 
growers  of  the  region. 

Agricultural  Station,  Livno. 

Established  in  1888.  The  valley  farm  at  Livno  has  an  area  of  1,592 
acres,  of  which  1,012  acres  are  meadow  and  pasture  land.  The  build- 
ings include  a  two-story  stone  building  containing  living  apartments, 
office,  and  schoolroom;  3  large  cattle  barns,  sheep  barn,  poultry 
house,  pigpens,  stables  for  the  wTork  animals,  cheese-making  room, 
cheese  cellar,  and  a  natural  cave  for  curing  Roquefort  cheese.  There 
are  on  the  farm  200  cows,  1,500  sheep,  30  swine,  500  fowls,  and  a  few 
Angora  goats,  besides  work  animals.  There  are  2  mountain  farms, 
which  together  cover  an  area  of  6,592  acres,  of  which  5,992  acres  are 
in  meadow  and  pasture.  At  these  farms  also  facilities  are  provided 
for  making  and  curing  cheese.  This  station  is  located  in  the  grazing 
district  and  gives  little  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  held  crops. 
Dairying,  cheese  making,  the  improvement  of  live  stock,  and  the 
acclimatization  of  Angora  goats  are  the  principal  lines  of  work 
undertaken. 

Agricultural  Station,  Modric. 

Established  in  1886.  The  farm  has  an  area  of  816  acres,  nearly  all 
of  which  is  cultivated.  Among  the  buildings  are  the  dwelling  of  the 
manager,  a  school  building,  barns,  granaries,  etc.  This  farm  lies  in  a 
rich  agricultural  district  and  is  conducted  as  a  model  farm  for  rational 
field  culture,  stock  raising,  and  general  farming. 

Station  for  Fruit  and  Vine  Culture,  Mostar. 

Established  in  L888.  The  vineyard  at  this  station  covers  11  acres  and 
the  orchard  12  acres.  The  station  building  contains  an  office,  apart- 
ments for  the  manager,  press  room,  and  wine  cellar.  Adjoining  is  a 
school  building  and  a  machine  room.  Attention  is  given  to  the  grow- 
ing of  grapes,  fruits,  and  nuts,  wine  making,  and  the  study  of  diseases 
and  pests  of  the  vine. 


BRAZIL. 


65 


BRAZIL. 

Agricultural  Station,  Campinas. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  control  of  the  Minister  of  Agriculture  of 
Sao  Paulo. 

Station  staff. — Adolpho  B.  U.  Cavalcanti.  Dir.;  vice-director;  two 
associates,  and  several  assistants  and  helpers. 

Origin. — Established  by  the  Brazilian  Ministry  of  Agriculture  in 
18ST;  definitely  organized  in  1890;  transferred  to  the  State  of  Sao  Paulo 
in  L892. 

Equipment. — Laboratory,  residence  of  the  director,  meteorological 
observatory,  hotbeds,  mill,  pots  and  vegetation  cases  for  Wagnerian 
experiments,  and  an  experimental  garden  and  field. 

Lines  of  work. — The  study  of  such  agricultural  questions  as  will  aid 
the  farmers  of  Sao  Paulo;  analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  seeds,  feeding 
stuffs,  and  other  agricultural  substances  and  industrial  products; 
experiments  for  the  improvement  of  native  plants  and  the  acclimatiza 
tion  of  introduced  plants;  the  giving  of  information  on  various  agri- 
cultural topics  to  all  who  apply  for  it.  The  cultivation  of  coffee,  cereals, 
and  fruits  receives  considerable  attention.  Such  information  and  ana- 
lytical work  as  are  of  general  interest  are  gratuitous.  The  work  of  the 
station  is  published  in  bulletins  [Boh  fin  da  Estagao  dt  Campinas), 
which  are  distributed  free  to  farmers  and  others  interested  in  the  work 
that  the  station  is  doing. 

Agricultural  Institute  of  Sao  Paulo,  Campinas. 

Governing  hoard.  Under  the  direction  of  the  secretarytof  agricul- 
ture. Dr.  Antonio  Candido  Rodrigues. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  Gustavo  K.  P.  d'Utra,  Dir.;  H.  Potel,  Veg.  Path, 
and  Ohem.;  R.  Bolliger, Met.  and  Chem.;  E.  Sixt,  Cham.;  T.  Egydio 
Arauha,  Sec.;  chief  gardener;  two  gardeners;  three  laboratory  helpers; 
ten  workmen. 

Equiyjnent.  Laboratory  buildings,  including  a  separate  building 
for  the  analysis  of  seeds  and  fertilizers;  experimental  garden  and  vege- 
tation house  at  Guanabara;  experimental  held  at  Taquaral,  and  an 
experimental  farm  at  Santa  Elisa. 

Income.    For  1900,  $39,127,  of  which  $35,975  was  State  subsidy. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  native  grasses  and  other  forage 
crops;  cultural  and  manurial  experiments  with  sugar  cane  and  coffee; 
experiments  with  various  drying  machines  in  curing  coffee;  investiga- 
tion of  the  cost  of  producing  agricultural  crops;  study  of  plant  dis- 
eases; analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  and  drinking  water;  meteorological 
observations;  cooperative  experiments  in  various  parts  of  Sao  Paulo. 

22018— No.  112—02  5 


66 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Institute,  Itabira,  Minas  Geraes. 

The  institute  was  founded  in  1895  by  the  late  director,  Dr.  C.  Brun- 
nemann. 

Botanical  Garden,  San  Vicente,  Sao  Paulo. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  J.  Campos  Porto,  Dir. 

In  1900  the  municipal  government  of  Santos  established  near  the 
village  of  San  Vicente  a  botanical  garden  and  experimental  and  demon- 
stration field. 

Experimental  and  Demonstration  Field  of  the  Cultivators'  Club  (Club  da 

Lavoura),  Sao  Carlos. 

Governing  hoard. — Auxiliary  council  of  the  Cultivators'  Club. 
Station  staff. — Antonio  Gomes  Carno,  Dir. 

The  Cultivators'  Club  proposes  to  introduce  new  methods  of  culture 
and  new  machinery  among  the  farmers  of  Sao  Paulo,  and  to  aid  in  this 
work  has  established  near  Sao  Carlos  an  experimental  and  demonstra- 
tion field,  and  also  conducts  cooperative  experiments  on  farms  in  various 
parts  of  the  State. 

Botanical  Garden,  Tremembi,  near  Sao  Paulo. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Alberto  Lofgren,  Dir.;  Gustavo  Ed  wall,  Asst.;. 
a  gardener. 

This  garden  was  established  by  the  Geographical  and  Geological 
Commission  of  Sao  Paulo  for  the  propagation  and  culture  of  trees 
useful  in  the  production  of  timber,  fuel,  and  charcoal;  for  the  distribu- 
tion of  seeds;  and  for  the  acclimatization  of  foreign  plants.  It  has 
about  4  acres  in  cultivation,  a  small  laboratory,  cold  frames,  and  a 
convenient'house  for  orchids  and  other  shade-loving  plants. 

Zootechnic  Institute,  TJberaba,  Minas  Geraes. 

Station  staff.—  Prof.  F.  M.  Draenert,  Dir. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1895. 

Eqmpment. — Farm  of  282  acres  containing  experimental  garden 
for  fodder  plants  and  vegetables,  vineyard,  orchard  and  coffee  garden; 
horses,  cattle,  and  sheep. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  in  animal  production  and  in  the  grow- 
ing of  fodder  plants,  vegetables,  fruits,  and  coffee. 

BRITISH  GUIANA. 

Botanic  Gardens  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments,  Berbice. a 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff.—  Ricfiard  Hunt,  Keeper;  Prof.  J.  B.  Harrison,  Chew, 
in  Charge  of  Sugar  Cane  Ewpts.;  G.  S.  Jenman,  Dot.;  Robert  Ward, 
Asst.  A  jr. 


'Sec  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


BRITISH  HONDURAS  BRITISH  WEST  INDIES. 


67 


The  Botanic  Gardens  were  established  by  the  local  government 
under  the  direction  of  the  curator  of  the  Kew  Gardens.  In  1898  they 
were  transferred  to  the  control  of  the  Imperial  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, by  whom  the  station  is  endowed,  and  sugar-cane  experiments 
were  begun.  The  lines  of  work,  beside  the  development  of  the  sugar 
Industry,  include  the  cultivation  of  garden  plants,  such  as  roses, 
orchids,  and  other  ornamental  plants,  and  of  economic  plants,  includ- 
ing coffee,  cacao,  nuts,  and  other  tropical  productions. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Georgetown.  a 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — George  S.  Jenman,  Supi.  and  Bot./  John  F.  Waby, 
Head  Gard.;  William  Jackson,  Head  Gard.  Prmnenadt  Garden. 

The  gardens  were  established  by  the  local  government,  and  trans- 
ferred in  1898  to  the  control  of  the  Imperial  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, by  whom  they  are  now  endowed.  The  principal  lines  of  work 
are  the  cultivation  of  flowers  and  ornamental  plants,  and  of  economic 
plants,  such  as  coffee,  sugar  cane,  and  nuts;  and  the  importation  and 
exchange  of.  seeds  and  plants. 

BRITISH  HONDURAS. 

Botanic  Station,  Belize. a 

Governing  board.-^ Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 
Station  staff. — Eugene  Campbell,  Our. 

The  station  is  devoted  to  the  development  of  local  industries  and  to 
raising  and  distributing  important  economic  plants. 

BRITISH  WEST  INDIES. 

Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. ft 

Dr.  Daniel  Morris,  Comr.;  George  W.  Smith,  Traveling  Supt. 

The  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture  was  organized  in  1898.  Its 
duties  are  "  (1)  to  endeavor  to  restore  the  sugar  industry  to  a  condi- 
tion in  which  it  can  be  profitably  carried  on,  and  (2)  to  encourage  the 
establishment  of  other  industries  in  such  colonies  as  afford  suitable 
conditions  to  supplement  the  staple  industry."  The  commissioner, 
Dr.  Daniel  Morris,  has  charge  of  all  experiment  stations  in  the  British 
West  Indies  except  those  on  the  islands  of  Jamaica  and  Trinidad. 

The  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture  has  established  on  the 
Island  of  Barbados  two  central  experiment  stations  and  ten  local  plan- 
tations for  the  improvement  of  varieties  and  the  carrying  on  of  fer- 

a  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p  142. 


68 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


tilizer  experiments.    The  varieties  that  prove  most  promising  at  th< 
central  stations  are  then  grown  at  the  local  plantations  to  test  thei 
adaptability  and  value  in  different  soils  and  localities,  and  also  to  dem 
onstrate  their  value  to  the  planters  in  each  parish.    The  other  station: 
now  under  the  control  of  the  department  are  those  at  Tobago,  Grenada 
St.  Vincent.  St.  Lucia.  Dominica.  Montserrat,  Antigua.  Tortola.  anc 
St.  Kitts-Xevis  :  the  two  stations  in  British  Guiana,  and  one  in  Britisq 
Honduras.    In  addition  there  are  twenty  substations  or  experiments 
plats  at  Grenada.  St.  Vincent.  St.  Lucia,  and  Dominica  :  seven  ai 
Antigua,  and  three  at  St.  Kitts-Nevis,  which  have  been  established  tc 
encourage  improvements  in  the  cultivation  of  cacao,  coffee,  limes,  and 
other  crops.    The  expense  of  maintaining  these  stations  is  borne  by  the 
British  Government,  which  appropriated  &2 1,900  for  the  new  depart 
ment  in  1899,  and  estimated  that  during  the  next  ten  years  an  annual 
grant  of  about  $85,000  would  be  required.    The  Imperial  Department 
of  Agriculture  publishes  handbooks,  leaflets,  and  the  West  Indian 
Bulletin,  which  is  sent  free  to  residents  of  the  West  Indies. 

Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments,  Antigua.  a 

Governing  board.-^- Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture.  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — W.  N.  Sands.  Cur,;  F.  R.  Shepherd.  Agr.  and  Supm 
of  Sugar  Cane  Expts. 

The  station  was  established  in  1890,  and  has  recently  organized,  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Morris,  seven  substations.  The  attention  of  the 
station  has  been  directed  almost  exclusively  to  the  economic  and  agri- 
cultural interests  of  the  colony,  especial  attention  being  given  to 
experiments  with  grapevines,  libers,  cotton,  tobacco,  pineapples,  silk- 
worms, etc.:  cultivation  of  sugar  cane:  distribution  of  plants  and 
seeds;  manurial  experiments,  and  the  improvement  of  fruit. 

Botanic    Station   and    Sugar   Cane   Experiments,    Dodd's  Reformatory, 

Barbados. a 

Goiu  rnnuj  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff.— John  R.  Bovell.  Supt.  of  Bot.  Sta.;  J.  P.  d' Albu- 
querque, Island  Chem.  and  Agr.  in  Charge  of  Sugar  Cane  Expts.; 
four  assistants. 

Experiments  at  this  place  were  begun  in  1885  and  since  that  time 
have  been  continued  along  a  few  well-defined  lines.  At  present  the 
station  is  investigating  the  composition  of  the  rainfall  and  conducting 
held  experiments  with  manures  on  established  varieties  of  sugar  cane 
and  comparative  experiments  with  seedling  varieties  of  sugar  cane. 


a  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


BRITISH  WEST  INDIES. 


69 


The  more  promising  varieties  are  tested  at  other  local  stations  on  the 
island.  The  analytical  work  is  done  in  the  laboratories  at  Dodd\s 
Reformatory,  and  annual  reports  of  all  the  work  are  published. 
There  are  at  present  on  the  island  of  Barbados  eleven  central  and 
local  stations  associated  with  this  station  and  doing  similar  work. 

Botanic  Station,  Dominica. a 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — Joseph  Jones,  Cur.;  George  F.  Branch,  Tnst/r.  in 
Agr.;  J.  F.  Baptiste.  Form. 

The  station  was  established  by  the  curator  in  1890,  and  includes  10 
acres  of  land.  Plat  experiments  with  sugar  cane,  Liberian  coffee, 
cacao,  cinnamon,  oranges,  limes,  and  other  tropical  productions  receive 
the  attention  of  the  station  authorities. 

Botanic  Station,  Grenada.  a 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — W.  E.  Broadway.  Our.;  A.  W.  Dowers,  Form. 

This  station  was  established  by  the  local  government  in  1886,  upon 
the  advice  of  Dr.  Morris,  then  assistant  at  the  Kew  Gardens.  It  was 
maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  government  of  Grenada  until  Octo- 
ber, 1898,  when  it  was  transferred  to  funds  controlled  by  the  Imperial 
Department  of  Agriculture.  It  is  engaged  in  introducing  and  testing 
new  economic  and  ornamental  plants,  in  giving  practical  information 
and  advice  on  agricultural  and  horticultural  topics,  and  in  distributing 
economic  and  ornamental  plants  throughout  the  colony. 

Department  of  Public  Gardens  and  Plantations,  Kingston,  Jamaica.  a 

William  Fawcett,  Dir.;  William  Harris.  Supt.  of  Hope  Gardens; 
Thomas  J.  Harris,  Asst.  Supt  of  Hop*  Gardens  (Aetg.);  William  J. 
Thompson,  Supt.  of  Oastleton  Gardens;  James  Briscoe.  Supt.  of 
T&nxfslloust  Gardens  (Actg.);  John  Campbell,  Supt.  of  Parade  Gar- 
dens; A.  H.  Groves.  Overseer  of  Bath  Gardens;  Herbert  H.  Cousins, 
('In  m.  in  Oharge  of  Sugar  Cane  Eatpts.;  W.  R.  Burtenshaw,  Led. 
in  Agr.;  William  Cradwick,  Traveling  Tnstr.  in  Agr. 

The  Department  of  Public  Gardens  and  Plantations  maintains  gar- 
dens at  Hope,  Castleton,  Cinchona,  Bath,  Parade,  and  King's  House. 
These  gardens  are  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  coffee,  cinnamon,  cocoa, 
sugar  cane,  and  other  tropical  plants  and  fruits,  and  in  the  importa- 
tion and  exchange  of  plants  and  seeds.  Annual  reports  of  the  depart- 
ment and  the  Bulletin  of  the  Botanical  Department  are  published. 


a  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p  142. 


70 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Experiment  Stations,  Montserrat. 

A.  J.  Jordan.  Dir.  and  Imtr.  Agr. 

During  the  }Tear  1900  the  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bar- 
bados, established  three  new  stations  at  Montserrat. 

Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments,  St.  Kitts-Nevis.  a 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — William  Lunt,  Cur.;  Francis  Watts,  Chem.  in  Charge 
of  Sugar  Cane  Expts.;  Joseph  Wade,  Form. 

This  station  is  engaged  in  raising  and  distributing  economic  plants 
and  in  experiments  for  the  improvement  of  sugar  cane. 

Botanic  Station,  St.  Lucia. a 

Governing,  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — J.  C.  Moore,  Cur.;  G.  S.  Hudson,  Instr.  in  Agr. 

The  station  was  established  in  1887  and  transferred  to  the  control  of 
the  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture  in  1898.  It  is  engaged  in  the 
distribution  by  sale,  free  grants  and  exchange,  of  plants  and  seeds  of 
economic  value  and  suitable  for  cultivation  in  the  colonies,  and  in  the 
cultivation  of  Liberian  coffee,  sugar  cane,  ginger,  cacao,  and  other 
tropical  productions. 

Botanic  Station,  St.  Vincent.  a 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff. — Henry  Powell,  Cur.;  J.  B.  Dotwell,  Form. 

The  station  is  supported  by  the  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  is  engaged  in  promoting  the  introduction  and  distribution  of  cacao, 
coffee,  sugar  cane,  and  other  tropical  plants.  Since  the  disastrous 
hurricane  of  1898,  this  station  has  been  of  very  material  aid  to  the 
farmers  of  St.  Vincent  in  supplying  them  with  seed,  plants,  and  other 
means  for  starting  again  their  wrecked  plantations. 

Botanic  Station,  Tobag-o.  ■ 

Governing  hoard. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Barbados. 

Station  staff.— J.  H.  Hart,  Supt.;  Henry  Millen,  Cur. 

This  station  was  established  in  1899.  It  is  subordinate  to  the  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens  at  Trinidad,  and  the  18  acres  under  cultivation  are 
devoted  to  experiments  with  sugar  cane,  cacao,  yams,  tobacco,  coffee, 
and  l  ubber,  which  promises  to  become  an  important  product  in  Tobago. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


BULGARIA  CANADA.  71 

Experiment  Station,  Tortola,  Virgin  Islands. 

C.  W.  Seale,  Instr.  in  Agr. 

This  station  was  established  in  1900  by  the  Imperial  Department  of 
Agr i  e  ul  tur  e,  Barbados . 

Royal  Botanic  Gardens  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments,  Trinidad.11 

Governing  hoard. — The  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bar- 
bados, acts  merely  in  an  advisory  capacity,  the  entire  direction  of  the 
station  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  superintendent. 

Station  staff. — J.  H.  Hart,  Supt.  and  Bot.;  William  Leslie,  Asst. 
Wwpt. 

The  Botanic  Gardens  had  been  established  for  a  number  of  years 
when,  in  1898,  the  British  Government  granted  aid  to  botanic  stations 
in  the  British  West  Indies,  and  about  33  acres  of  the  St.  Clair  daily 
farm  were  reserved  for  the  establishment  of  an  experiment  station. 
Here  have  been  started  nurseries  for  economic  plants  with  a  view  to 
having  the  station  become  a  center  for  the  diffusion  of  information  on 
agricultural  topics.  Experiments  with  sugar  cane,  cacao,  yams, 
tobacco,  coffee,  and  other  tropical  productions  are  conducted.  Annual 
reports  of  the  work  of  the  gardens  are  published,  and  the  botanical 
department  of  Trinidad  publishes  the  bulletin  of  miscellaneous  infor- 
mation, a  quarterly  which  is  edited  by  J.  H.  Hart. 

BULGARIA. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  School,  Plevna. 

B.  Manoucheff,  Dir. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  School,  Rustchuk. 
Nikola  Batchvarotf,  Dir. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  School,  Sadova. 
Athanase  Kablechkoff,  Dir. 

CANADA. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Ottawa. 
Hon.  Sydney  A.  Fisher.  Minis,  of  Agr. 

The  Dominion  system  of  experiment  stations  comprises  a  central 
experimental  farm  at  Ottawa  and  four  branch  farms  located  in  different 
provinces  and  territories.  These  farms  were  established  by  the 
Department   of   Agriculture  and  receive  annual   grants  from  the 


'See  Royal  Gardens,  K.ew,  p  142. 


72 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


department,  which  also  publishes  their  annual  reports.  The  depart- 
ment is  represented  in  all  its  transactions  with  the  experimental  farms 
by  the  director  of  experimental  farms,  who  resides  upon  and  has 
immediate  control  of  the  central  farm  in  Ottawa,  and  is  represented 
by  a  superintendent  at  each  of  the  branch  farms.  These  are  the  Only 
experimental  institutions  under  the  control  of  the  Dominion  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  but  not  the  only  institutions  doing  experimental 
work  in  the  Dominion.  The  Province  of  Ontario  supports  an  agricul- 
tural college  and  experimental  farm  at  Guelph,  with  which  are  con- 
nected a  large  number  of  cooperative  enterprises,  all  of  which  are 
subordinate  to  the  provincial  department  of  agriculture,  and  several 
of  the  other  provinces  and  territories  in  the  Dominion  maintain  depart- 
ments of  agriculture,  with  which  are  connected  experts  and  inspectors 
engaged  in  control  work. 

Central  Experimental  Farm,  Ottawa. 

Governing  boa/rd. — The  Dominion  Department  of  Agriculture,  Hon. 
Sidney  A.  Fisher. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  William  Saunders,  Dir.;  J.  H.  Grisdale,  Agr.; 
W .  T.  Macoun,  Hart.';  F.  T.  Shutt,  Ghem.;  Dr.  James  Fletcher,  Ent. 
wndBot.;  A.  G.  Gilbert,  Poultry  Mgr. 

Origin. — Established  in  1887.  In  connection  with  the  Central 
Experimental  Farm  there  are  four  branch  farms  located  in  widely 
separated  parts  of  the  Dominion,  all  of  wThich  are  under  the  direction 
of  Dr.  Saunders.  The  branch  farms  are  at  Nappan,  Nova  Scotia; 
Brandon,  Manitoba;  Indian  Head,  Assiniboia;  and  Agassiz,  British 
Columbia. 

Equipment. — Office  building,  chemical  laboratory,  and  museum; 
conservatory  and  houses  for  seed  testing  and  seed  distribution;  barn; 
implement  shed  and  tool  house;  piggery;  dairy  building;  root  house; 
sheep  house;  poultry  buildings  and  yards;  farm  containing  orchards 
and  numerous  experimental  plats,  and  a  large  number  of  farm  animals. 

Income.—  Budget  for  1899-1900,  110,268.10. 

Lines  of  work. — Variety  tests  and  other  experiments  with  oats,  barley, 
spring  and  winter  wheat,  peas,  Indian  corn,  root  crops  (including 
sugar  beets),  fodder  plants,  fruits,  etc.;  rotation  experiments;  dairy 
experiments;  spraying,  cultural,  and  acclimatization  experiments  with 
large  and  small  fruits;  seed  testing;  feeding  experiments  with  horses, 
cattle,  swine,  and  sheep;  experiments  with  green  manures,  fertilizers, 
and  means  for  conserving  soil  moisture;  investigations  in  economic 
entomology;  experiments  in  apiculture  and  poultry  raising;  meteoro- 
logical observations,  and  analysis  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  foods, 
soils,  well  waters,  dairy  products,  insecticides,  fungicides,  etc.  Bul- 
letins and  annual  reports  are  published. 


CANADA. 


73 


Branch  Experimental  Farms. 
Experimental  Farm  for  British  Columbia,  Agassiz,  British  Columbia. 

Governing  hoard. — The  superintendent  reports  to  Dr.  William  Saun- 
ders, director  of  the  experimental  farms. 
Station  staff. — Thomas  A.  Sharpe,  Supt. 
Origin— Established  in  1889. 

Equipment. — Superintendent's  house,  barn,  farm  of  1,125  acres, 
extensive  orchards,  6  horses,  20  head  of  cattle,  22  swine,  9  sheep,  fowls, 
bees,  farm  implements,  machinery,  etc. 

Income.—  Budget  for  1899-1900,  $9,913.37. 

Lines  of  work. — Variety  tests  with  cereals,  flax,  root  crops,  large 
and  small  fruits;  experiments  with  fodder  plants,  mixed  grains  for 
feed,  and  grasses;  fertilizer  experiments;  forestry  experiments,  and 
meteorological  observations.  Experiments  with  fruit  are  given  great 
prominence. 

Experimental  Farm  for  Manitoba,  Brandon,  Manitoba. 

Governing  board. — The  superintendent  reports  to  Dr.  William  Saun- 
ders, director  of  the  experimental  farms. 
Station  staff. — S.  A.  Bedford,  Supt. 
Origin. —  Established  in  1887. 

Equipment. — Superintendent's  house,  barn,  poultry  house,  and  other 
farm  buildings,  farm  of  652  acres,  12  horses.  22  head  of  cattle,  26 
swine,  bees,  farm  implements,  machinery,  etc. 

Income.—  Budget  for  1899-1900,  $15,434.62. 

Lines  of  work, . — Variety  tests  and  cultural  experiments  with  spring 
wheat,  barle}7,  oats,  peas,  flax.  Indian  corn,  root  crops,  legumes, 
garden  vegetables,  flowers,  and  ornamental  shrubs;  rotation  experi- 
ments; feeding  experiments  with  cattle  and  swine;  experiments  with 
sand  binders  and  with  varieties  of  large  and  small  fruits;  forestry 
experiments  and  meteorological  observations. 

Experimental  Farm  for  the  Northwest  Territories,  Indian  Head,  Assiniboia. 

Governing  hoard. — The  superintendent  reports  to  Dr.  William  Saun- 
ders, director  of  the  experimental  farms. 
Stat  ion  staff.- — Angus  Mackay,  Supt. 
Origin. — Established  in  1887. 

Equipment. — Superintendent's  house,  barns,  farm  of  682  acres,  13 
horses.  32  head  of  cattle,  swine,  fowls,  bees,  farm  implements,  and 
machinery. 

Income.— Budget  for  1899-1900,  $12,083.96. 

Lines  of  work. — Variety  and  fertilizer  experiments  with  spring 
wheat,  oats,  barley,  peas,  Indian  corn,  and  other  farm  and  garden 


74  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

crops;  rotation  experiments;  experiments  with  flowers,  ornamental 
trees,  shrubs,  forest  trees,  and  fruits;  feeding  experiments;  experi- 
ments with  brome  grass  and  various  grass  mixtures  to  prevent  the 
drifting  of  soil,  and  meteorological  observations. 

Experimental  Farm  for  the  Maritime  Provinces,  Nappan,  Nova  Scotia. 

Governing  board.— The  superintendent  reports  to  Dr.  William  Saun- 
ders, director  of  the  experimental  farms. 

Station  stqf. — R.  Robertson,  Sitpt.;  W.  S.  Blair,  llort. 
Origin. —  Established  in  1887. 

Equipment. — Superintendent's  house,  barn,  and  other  farm  buildings, 
farm  containing  300  acres,  7  horses,  47  cattle,  70  swine,  49  sheep,  fowls, 
bees,  farm  implements,  machinery,  etc. 

Income.— Budget  for  1899-1900,  $15,326.66. 

Lines  of  work. — Rotation  experiments;  variety  tests  with  cereals, 
root  crops,  legumes,  hay  and  fodder  crops;  feeding  experiments; 
investigation  of  various  spraying  mixtures;  experiments  with  fruits 
and  garden  vegetables,  and  meteorological  observations. 

Irrigation  Experiment  Station,  Calgary. 

Governing  board. — The  Territorial  Department  of  Agriculture  of 
Northwest  Territories. 

Station  staff .—l\  T.  Bone,  C.  E.,  Dir. 

Origin. — In  1898  the  Territorial  Department  of  Agriculture  made 
an  appropriation  for  conducting  agricultural  experiments  in  the  semi- 
arid  districts.  Land  was  leased  and  a  contract  between  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  Calgary  Irrigation  Company  was  entered  into,  which 
provides  for  the  carrying  on  of  experiments  for  five  years  under  the 
direction  of  the  department  of  agriculture.  P.  T.  Bone,  manager  of 
the  Calgary  Irrigation  Company,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  experi- 
ments. 

Income. — Government  appropriation  of  $315  for  the  first  year  and 
$630  for  each  succeeding  year. 

Lines  of  work. — Irrigation  experiments- with  wheat,  oats,  and  other 
cereals,  brome  grass,  timothy,  peas,  alfalfa,  etc.,  and  experiments  to 
discover  means  for  eradicating  sweet  grass. 

Ontario  Agricultural  College  and  Experimental  Farm,  Guelph. 

Governing  board. — The  president  of  the  college  reports  directly  to 
the  Provincial  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Hon.  John  Dryden. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  James  Mills,  Pres.;  Dr.  A.  E.  Shuttleworth, 
Chem..;  H.  H.  Dean,  Dairy  LIusb.;  Dr.  J.  Hugo  Reed,  Vet.;  J.  B. 
Reynolds,  Phys.  and  Led.  in  Engl.;  C.  A.  Zavitz,  Expt.;  Prof. 
William  Lochhead,  Biol,  and  Geol.;  G.  E.  Day,  Agr.  and  Farm  Supt.; 
II.  L.  Hutt,  llort.;  F.  C.  Harrison,  Bad.  andLibr.;  R.  Harcourt,  Asst. 


CANADA. 


75 


al  Chew.;  M.  W.  Doherty,  Asst.  Biol.;  I.  M.  Beckstedt,  Asst.  Best- 
i  dent  Master;  M.  N.  Ross,  Fellow  in  Biol.;  W.  J.  Price,  Fellow  in 
ie  Agr.;  A.  T.  Wiancko,  Asst.  Libr.  and  Tutor  in,  German;  W.  R. 
Graham,  Mgr.  and  Lect.,  Poultry  Dept.;  H.  R.  Rowsom,  Led.  in 
Apiculture;  Capt.  Walter  Clarke,  Drill  and  Gymnastics;   W,  O. 
j  Stewart,  Physician;  G.  A.  Putnam,  Sec;  A.  McCallum,  Bursar. 
Origin. — The  college  was  founded  in  1874. 

Equipment. — College  laboratories,  greenhouses  and  other  buildings, 
and  experiment  field  of  nearly  50  acres  divided  into  about  2,000  plats. 

Income.—  Budget  for  college  and  farm  in  1900,  $81,840.91.  Of  this 
amount  $22,329.77  was  received  from  fees,  sale  of  products,  etc.,  and 
the  remainder,  $59,511.17,  was  provided  by  the  Government. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  sugar  beets,  wheat,  feeding  stuffs,  and 
other  products;  experiments  in  butter  making,  cheese  making  and 
curing,  selection  of  seed,  methods  of  culture,  and  with  varieties  of 

:;  j  wheat  to  determine  their  milling  and  baking  qualities;  experiments  in 
feeding  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine,  and  in  rearing  and  feeding  poultry; 
comparison  of  breeds  of  swine;  investigation  of  plant  diseases  and 
pests  and  of  the  bacteriology  of  butter  making  and  cheese  making; 
variety  tests  of  berries,  currants,  tomatoes,  flowers   and  bedding 

f  plants,  grains,  root  crops,  grasses,  clovers,  forage  plants,  and  fodder 
mixtures.  For  cooperative  experiments,  see  Agricultural  and  Experi- 
mental Union,  below. 

Ontario  Agricultural  and  Experimental  Union,  Guelph. 

Governing  board. — Board  of  Control:  T.  H.  Mason  (Pres.),  Straf- 
i  fordville;  T.  G.  Raynor  ( V.  Pres.),  Bosehall;  C.  A.  Zavitz  (See-, 
and  Editor,  Agr.  College),  Guelph;  H.  L.  Hutt  (Trms.  Agr.  College)* 
Guelph;   James  Mills,  G.  C.  Creelman,  Robert  Harcourt,  and  E.  C. 
Hallman,  Dirs. 

Staff. — The  following  directors  of  experimental  work,  who  are  assisted 
b}T  other  members  of  the  union:  C.  A.  Zavitz.  ,  igr. ;  Prof.  H.  L.  Hutt, 
Hart.;  Prof.  William  Lochhead,  Econ.  Bot.  and  Ent;  Prof.  J.  B. 
Reynolds,  Soil  Phys.;  W.  R.  Graham,  Poultry;  Dr.  A.  E.  Shuttle- 
worth,  Agr.  Chem. 

Origin. — The  union  was  organized  in  1880.  A  definite  system  of 
cooperative  experimental  work  was  arranged  in  1884.  The  union  con- 
ducts a  large  number  of  cooperative  experiments  in  all  parts  of  the 
province,  for  which  it  furnishes  materials  free  of  cost  to  the  farmer 
and  exacts  reports  at  the  end  of  the  season.  In  1887  fifteen  experi- 
menters participated  in  this  work,  and  in  1900  the  number  reached 
'  3,354,  representing  every  county  and  district  in  Ontario. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,602.56  (Government  grant,  $1,200;  remainder 
from  1899,  donation,  sale  of  weed  seeds,  and  membership  fees,  $402.66). 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  by  the  various  departments  at  the 


76 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Ontario  Agricultural  College,  Guelph,  and  cooperative  experiment! 
mostly  variety  tests,  with  varieties  that  have  proved  valuable  at  thl 
college.  In  1900  these  experiments  (variety  tests  and  other  experi 
ments)  included  the  following:  Agricultural  experiments  with  grains' 
root  crops,  forage,  fodder,  silage  and  hay  crops,  garden  vegetables 
and  fertilizers;  horticultural  experiments  with  gooseberries,  currants 
blackberries,  raspberries,  and  strawberries;  entomological  experi 
ments  in  cooperation  with  the  Ontario  fruit  experiment  stations 
experiments  in  economic  botany,  soil  physics,  poultry  raising,  anc 
beekeeping.  The  results  of  successfully  conducted  experiments  ail 
printed  annually  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Toronto,  Ontario, 
and  the  reports  distributed  free. 


University  Botanic  Garden,  Montreal. a 
Prof.  D.  P.  Penhallow. 

Ontario  Fruit  Experiment  Stations. 

Govemi/Kj  hoard.- — Representing  the  college — James  Mills,  Guelphl 
H.  L.  Hutt,  Guelph.  Representing  the  Ontario  Fruit  Growers' Asso- 
ciation—A.  M.  Smith,  St.  Catharines;  W.  M.  Orr,  Fruitland;  Wel- 
lington Boulter,  Plot  on ;  Linus  Woolverton.  Grimsby. 

Executive  committee. — James  Mills,  Chair.;  Linus  Woolverton, 
Sec.;  H.  L.  Hutt,  Official  Visitor. 

Through  the  cooperation  of  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College  and 
Experimental  Farm  and  the  Ontario  Fruit  Growers'  Association,  fif- 
teen experimental  fruit  stations  are  maintained  on  private  farms  in 
different  parts  of  the  province.  The  name,  location,  special  line  of 
work,  and  experimenter  in  charge  of  each  station  are  shown  below: 


No. 


Name. 


Location. 


Experimenter. 


Specialty. 


Southwestern 

Niagara  

Wentworth... 
Burlington  ... 
hake  Huron . . 


Georgian  Bay 
Simcoe  


S    East  Central. 


Bay  of  Qninte 
st.  Lawrence . 


Strawberry  substa- 
tion. 

Gooseberry  substa- 
tion. 


Algoma  .. 
Wabigoon 


Leamington  

St.  Catharines  

Winona  

Freeman  

Walkerton  '.  


Clarksburg 
Craighurst. 


W.  W.  Hilborn 


Murray  Pettit  

A.  W.  Peart  

A.  E.  Sherrington..! 


J.G.Mitchell 
G.C.Caston.. 


Whitby   R.  L.  Huggard 


Trenton  . 
Maitlahd 


W.  H.  Dempsey 
Harold  Jones. . 


Guelph  . 
Nantyr  . 
Grimsby 


E.  B.  Stevenson 
Stanley  Spillut 
L.  Woolverton  . 


Richards  Landing.. 
Drydcn  


Charles  Young 
A.  E.  Annis  


Peaches. 
Tender  fruits. 
Grapes. 

Blackberries  and  currants. 
Raspberries  and  commercial 

apples. 
Plums. 

Hardy  apples  and  hardy 
cherries. 

Pears  and  commercial  ap- 
ples. 

Apples. 

Hardy   plums    and  hardy 

pears. 
Strawberries. 

Gooseberries. 

General  collection  of  fruits 

for  descriptive  work. 
Hardv  fruits. 
Do. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew  ,  p.  142. 


CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE. 


77 


Botanic  Garden,  Ottawa.1 

Prof.  John  Macoun. 

Provincial  Farm,  Truro. 

Governing  hoard. — B.  W.  Chipman,  Sec.  of  Agr. 
Staff.— ¥.  L.  Fuller.  Farm  Mgr. 

Equipment. — Experimental  farm  with  farm  buildings  including  a 
dairy  house,  farm  machinery,  about  44  head  of  cattle,  6  horses,  10 
jpigs,  and  a  flock  of  poultry. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  held  crops  for  the  purpose  of 
testing-  improved  varieties  and  various  systems  of  rotation:  experi- 
ments in  breeding  and  feeding  cattle,  swine,  and  poultry,  and  fertilizer 
experiments 

Nova  Scotia  School  of  Horticulture.  Wolfville. 

Governing  board. — B.  W.  Chipman.  Sec.  of  Agr. y  and  the  director 
of  the  school. 

Staff.— F.  C.  Sears,  Dir. 

Origin. — Experimental  work  in  connection  with  the  Nova  Scotia 
School  of  Horticulture  was  begun  in  1D<»1  in  accordance  with  an  act  of 
the  provincial  legislature  making  an  appropriation  of  $1,000  per 
annum  for  the  establishment  in  each  county  of  one  or  more  model 
orchards,  the  establishment  in  King's  County  to  be  in  the  nature  of  an 
experimental  plat  in  connection  with  the  school  of  horticulture. 

Equipment. — The  equipment  of  the  school,  which  is  also  used  for 
experimental  purposes,  includes  a  laboratory  furnished  with  micro- 
scopes, bacteriological,  chemical,  and  entomological  apparatus,  and  an 
experimental  plat.  Two  model  orchards  were  established  in  1901,  one 
at  Antigonish  and  the  other  at  Falkland  Ridge. 

Income. — One  thousand  dollars  from  the  provincial  legislature. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Experiments  with  apples,  peal's,  plums,  cherries, 
apricots,  small  fruits  and  nuts,  and  entomological  and  bacteriological 
investigations  for  the  purpose  of  studying  diseases  and  insects  injuri- 
ous to  fruit-. 

CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Cape  Town. 

C.  Mayer,  Actg.  Sec.  ami  Asst.  Agr.;  R.  MacOwan.  Gort.  Hot.  and 
Cur.  of  Govt.  Herbarium;  Duncan  Hutcheson.  Colon.  Vet.  Surgeon; 
CharlesP.  Lounsburg,  Govt.  Ent.;  C.  W.  Sparks.  Govt.  LocustExpert; 
Alex  Edington,  Dir.  of  Colon.  Bact.  Inst. ;  D.  E.  Hutchins.  (  bnst  rva- 
tor  <f  F<>r<  sts. 

The  Colonial  Department  of  Agriculture  exercises  general  super- 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


78 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  EOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


vision  over  the  analytical  laboratory  and  schools  of  agriculture  in  the 
colony  and  its  experts  are  engaged  in  promoting  its  agricultural 
interests.  It  publishes  the  Agm 'cultural  Journal,  which  is  sent  free  to 
members  of  any  agricultural  society,  and  also  pamphlets  on  a  large 
number  of  subjects  related  to  agriculture,  which  are  sold  at  a  nominal 
price. 

Analytical  Laboratory,  Cape  Town. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture. 

Staff. — Charles  F.  Juritz,  M.  A.,  Dir.  and  Senior  Analyst;  J.  G. 
Rose,  St.  C.  O.  St.  Clair,  A.  J.  J.  B.  Simons,  Assts.;  two  secretaries; 
two  laboratory  helpers. 

Origin. — Established  in  1894. 

Equipment.  — Three  laboratories. 

Income— For  1900,  $7,181.65  (fees  for  analyses,  $6,045.20;  clerical 
work  and  photograph}',  $690.20;  fees  for  inspection  of  adulterated 
articles  of  commerce,  $446.25). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  agricultural  products  and  supplies, 
minerals,  and  of  sea  water  for  the  colonial  marine  biologist. 

Cape  Government  Herbarium,  Cape  Town.  a 

R.  MacOwan,  Cur. 

School  of  Agriculture,  Elsenburg. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — William  G.  Mason,  Prin. 

In  1900  a  portion  of  the  school  farm  was  fenced  and  drained  for  an 
experiment  station  and  experiments  with  different  manures  and  wheat 
were  conducted.  It  is  proposed  to  continue  these  experiments  and  to 
begin  others  with  oats  and  plats  of  grasses  and  clovers. 

CEYLON. 

Department  of  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Peradeniya.  a 

Staff. — John  C.  Willis,  Dir.  and  Dot.;  J.  B.  Carruthers,  Asst.  Dir. 
and Myc;  H.  Ernest  Green,  Ent.;  H.  Wright,  Sci.  Asst.;  H.  F.  Mac- 
Mil  lan,  Cur. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1821;  considerably  extended  in  recent  years. 

Equipment. — New  laboratory  building  containing  four  laboratories, 
director's  office,  and  dark  room;  conservatory,  fern  house,  and  other 
buildings;  botanic  gardens  covering  150  acres  at  Peradeniya,  and 
branch  botanic  gardens  at  Anuradhapura  (D.  F.  de  Silva,  Cur.),  Badulla 
(D.  D.  Fernando,  Cur.),  Hakgala  (William  Nock,  Cur.),  Henaratgoda 
(S.  de  Silva,  Cur.). 


a  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


CHILE. 


79 


he     Income.—  Budget  for  1900,  $14,921.92. 

!tj  Lines  of  work. — The  introduction  and  cultivation  of  new  economic 
^  plants,  ornamental  plants,  fruits,  and  trees;  investigations  in  vegetable 
e  pathology  and  economic  entomolog}^;  explorations  and  study  of  local 
a]  flora;  collection  and  preservation  of  herbarium  specimens;  and  mete- 
orological observations.  The  department  publishes  annual  reports 
ind  numerous  circulars  for  the  instruction  of  the  people  of  Ceylon. 

'  CHILE. 

A-gronomic  Station,  Chemical  Laboratory,  and  Veterinary  Hospital  of  the 
Normal  School  of  Agriculture  ( Quinta  Normal  de  Agricultura) ,  Santiago. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  of  the  Ministry  of  Industry  and 
I  Public  AVorks. 

d    Station  staff. — Rene  F.  Le  Feuvre,  Dir.  and  Ayr.;  Taulis,  Dir.  of 

I7>(  Agron.  Sta.,  and  Chem.;  Julio  Besnard,  Dir.  of  the  Zoot.  Lab.; 
Horacio  Concha,  Agr.  Engirt.;  assistants  and  helpers. 
Origin. — The  Quinta  Normal  de  Agricultura  comprises  four  sec- 
tions or  departments:  (1)  The  college  of  agriculture,  established  in 
1876,  including  the  agronomic  station,  the  laboratory  of  zootechnics 
md  vaccine,  and  the  veterinary  hospital;  (2)  the  institute  of  practical 
igriculture;  (3)  the  department  of  parks,  gardens,  and  aquarium;  and 
4)  the  department  of  administration  and  accounts.  Only  the  first 
section  is  engaged  in  experimental  work. 

Equipment. — The  equipment  of  the  Quinta  Normal  inventories  at 
^2,600,000;  that  of  the  college  of  agriculture  at  $123,200,  the  latter 
!  ncluding  a  chemical  laboratory,  a  laboratory  of  zootechnics  and 
•accine,  and  a  veterinary  hospital.  In  the  experimental  work  use  is 
dso  made  of  the  experimental  fields,  orchards,  vineyards,  and  other 
jquipment  of  the  Quinta  Normal. 

Income. — The  receipts  of  the  whole  institution  vary  from  $40,000  to 
>50,000  per  annum.  This  money  is  turned  into  the  Government 
;reasury  and  Congress  makes  annual  appropriations  for  the  support  of 
he  institution.  The  appropriation  for  1901  is  $180,747.25.  From 
he  total  appropriation  the  governing  board  makes  apportionments 
'or  the  support  of  each  department. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  and  seeds;  investiga- 
ions  in  animal  and  plant  physiology  and  pathology;  and  the  improve- 
nent  of  methods  of  culture.  The  station  manufactures  vaccine, 
ntroduces  and  tests  new  plants,  new  farm  machinery,  and  new 
needs  of  live  stock,  and  in  every  way  possible  strives  to  improve 
:he  condition  of  agriculture  in  Chile. 


80 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN   EuREIGN'  COUNTRIES. 


DENMARK. 

Department  of  Agriculture.  Copenhagen. 

Hi-  Excellency  Ole  Hansen.  Minis,  of  Agr. 
H.  C.  O.  Gram.  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Agr. 

The  Danish  Department  of  Agriculture  was  organized  in  May.  1896, 
but  Government  aid  for  agricultural  education  and  research  dates  from 
a  much  earlier  period.  For  many  years  the  Royal  Danish  Agricul- 
tural Society  has  been  a  powerful  agency  for  the  advancement  of 
agricultural  research  in  Denmark.  In  April,  lssl.  it  began  making 
appropriations  for  the  Seed  Control  Station  at  Copenhagen,  and  live 
year-  later  the  Plant  Culture  Station  at  Tystofte,  with  its  system  of 
branch  stations,  was  established  under  the  auspices  of  this  society. 
In  former  years  it  wa>  chierly  through  the  agency  of  this  society  that 
the  Government  aided  various  agricultural  enterprises,  and  at  the 
present  time  the  Department  of  Agriculture  direct-  many  of  its  efforts 
in  aid  of  agriculture  through  the  agency  of  this  organization.  Other 
societies  also,  chief  among  which  is  the  Danish  Heath  Society,  are  the 
recipients  of  aid  from  the  department.  The  Royal  Veterinary  and 
Agricultural  College  with  its  research  laboratories  and  the  Seed  Con- 
trol Station  in  Copenhagen  are  now  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

Moor  Experiment  Station  of  the  Danish.  Heath  Society.  Aarhus. 

Station  st.if.—Tk.  Claudi  Westh.  Dir. 

For  a  number  of  year>  the  Danish  Heath  Society  has  been  engaged 
in  extensive  moor  culture  experiments,  expending  annually  over 
*7".',n".  of  which  amount  £5.360  is  received  from  the  State.  The 
society  conducts  two  large  demonstration  fields  in  the  central  part  of 
Jutland  and  about  forty  -mail  fields  in  other  parts  of  the  peninsula; 
gives  free  advice  to  farmers,  and  sells,  at  a  low  rate,  trees  and  plants 
suitable  for  planting  on  moors. 

Experiment  Station.  Ascov. 

F.  Hansen.  Dir. 

(See  Experiment  Station.  Tystofte.  p.  82). 

Agricultural  and  Experimental  Laboratory  of  the  Royal  Veterinary  and 
Agricultural  Colleg-e.  Copenhagen. 

Govt  rninQ  hoard. — Under  control  of  the  Royal  Veterinary  and  Agri- 
cultural College,  which  in  turn  is  under  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff— Prof.  V.  S.  Storch,  Dir.  and  Ohem.;  Prof.  B.  L.  F. 
Bang  and  C.  O.  Jensen,  i'h.irf*  <>f  Bod.  Lah*.;  Dr.  V.  Henriques, 
(  h^f  "f  Physiol.  Loo.:  eleven  assistants  and  an  accountant. 


DENMARK. 


81 


Origin. — Dairy  investigations  at  the  Royal  Veterinary  and  Agri- 
cultural College  were  begun  by  Prof.  N.  J.  Fjord  in  1872,  but  the 
origin  of  the  Agricultural  Experimental  Laboratory  as  a  separate 
institution  dates  from  1883,  at  which  time  the  Government  expended 
$33,000  in  the  erection  of  a  laboratory  building  and  placed  Professor 
Fjord  in  charge  as  director.  After  the  death  of  Professor  Fjord  in 
181*1.  F.  Friis  became  director  of  the  laboratory  and  remained  in  that 
position  until  succeeded  by  Prof.  V.  S.  Storch  in  1900. 

Equipment. — Main  building,  containing  a  chemical  laboratory, 
several  large  offices  and  suites  of  rooms  for  the  director  and  the  chief 
of  the  chemical  laboratory:  a  building  for  butter  exhibitions,  with 
adjoining  ice  house:  a  building  containing  two  bacteriological  labora- 
tories, a  physiological  (animal)  laboratory,  and  a  room  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  tubercle  bacilli  and  the  production  of  tuberculin. 

Income. — The  total  budget  of  the  station  for  1900,  including  the 
appropriation  for  butter  exhibitions,  was  $167. 00u.  all  of  which  was 
appropriated  by  the  State. 

Lines  of  work, — The  most  important  investigations  of  the  station 
have  been  those  connected  with  the  dairy  industry:  especially  the 
cooperative  feeding  experiments  with  milch  cow-,  which  were  begun 
in  187:2  by  Professor  Fjord,  and  are  still  being  carried  on.  These 
experiment.-  have  been  conducted  on  such  a  large  scale  and  with  such 
care  in  every  detail  that  the  results  are  considered  conclusive.  The 
other  work  of  the  station  includes  feeding  experiment^  with  pigs, 
investigations  on  tuberculosis  in  dairy  animals  and  its  eradication,  the 
manufacture  of  tuberculin,  and  the  study  and  testing  of  machinery 
and  apparatus  used  in  dairying.  The  station  also  has  charge  of  the 
annual  butter  exhibitions,  which  entail  an  annual  expenditure  of  about 
$47.<nio.  and  which  have  been  instrumental  in  developing  a  large  export 
trade  in  butter.  Reports  are  published  as  often  as  results  of  sufficient 
importance  are  obtained. 

Chemical  Laboratory  and  Control  Station.  Copenhagen. 
Station  staff. — Prof.  V.  Stein.  Dir. 

Origin, — This  is  a  private  laboratory.  Most  of  the  work  done  is  for 
the  Royal  Danish  Agricultural  Society. 

Lines  of  work. — Dairy  investigations:  analysis  of  feeding  stuffs,  fer- 
tilizers, dairy  products,  soils,  marls,  root  crops,  etc.  The  number  of 
samples  analyzed  each  year  is  between  7.00U  and  10.000.  of  which 
about  two-thirds  are  dairy  products. 

Seed  Control  Station.  Copenhagen. 

Governing  board. — Seed  control  commission  of  5  members.,  appointed 
by  the  State. 

2201S— No.  112—02  6 


82 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Station  staff. — O.  Rostrup,  Dir.;  first  assistant;  nine  assistants;  one 
gardener. 

Origin. — Founded  in  18T1  by  E.  Moller-Holst,  who  maintained  it 
until  1881,  when  the  Royal  Danish  Agricultural  Society  made  an  annual 
appropriation  of  $268  and  later  $536  for  its  support.  In  1883  the 
Government  began  making  appropriations  for  the  station,  and  in  1891 
assumed  full  control  and  appointed  the  present  incumbent,  O.  Rostrup, 
director. 

Equipment. — Laboratory,  seed-testing  apparatus,  collection  of  seeds, 
and  reference  library. 

Income. — Government  subsidy  of  $1,340  per  annum,  and  fees. 

Line*  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  seeds.  The  number  of  seed 
samples  analyzed  since  1871  aggregates  about  35,000. 

Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Physiology  of  the  Royal  Veterinary  and  Agricul- 
tural College,  Copenhagen. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  W.  Johannsen,  Dir. 

During  the  last  five  or  six  years  Professor  Johannsen,  plant  physi- 
ologist of  the  Royal  Veterinary  and  Agricultural  College,  has  con- 
ducted important  investigations  at  the  college  botanical  laboratory. 
Among  his  studies  are  those  concerning  the  relation  of  weight  to 
nitrogen  content  of  barley,  variation  and  improvement  of  barley, 
ripening  of  seed,  etc.  Professor  Johannsen  succeeded  recently  in 
shortening  the  resting  period  of  various  plants  by  exposing  the  buds 
or  bulbs  for  ^4  hours  to  an  atmosphere  saturated  with  chloroform  or 
ether  vapors.  This  accomplishment  is  considered  an  important  one, 
and  the  subject  is  being  studied  by  other  European  investigators. 

Carlsberg  Physiological  Laboratory,  Copenhagen. 

Prof.  E.  C.  Hansen.  Dir. 

The  lines  of  investigation  pursued  at  this  laboratory  include  physi- 
ological and  morphological  studies  of  alcoholic  ferments,  studies  of 
variation  in  yeasts,  biological  investigations  with  mushrooms  and 
other  fungi,  and  study  of  the  life  history  of  numerous  micro-organisms. 

Experiment  Station,  Lyngby. 

K.  Hansen,  Dir. 

(See  Experiment  Station.  Tystofte.  below.) 

Experiment  Station,  Tystofte. 

Governing  board. —  Committee  of  the  Royal  Danish  Agricultural 
Society. 

Stat  ion  staff. — N.  P.  Nielsen.  Dir. 

Origin. — The  experiment  station  at  Tystofte  was  established  in 
lss*;.  and  is  the  principal  Danish  station  in  plant  culture.    It  has  a 


EGYPT  FRANCE.  83 

farm  of  54  acres  and  is  maintained  by  the  State.  Branch  stations 
engaged  in  similar  work  are  located  at  Ascov,  Lyngbv.  and  Vester- 
Hassing.  where  soil  conditions  are  very  different  than  at  Tystofte. 

income. — The  four  stations  cost  the  Government  $10,500  a  year. 

Linesof  work. — Variety  tests  with  cereals,  legumes,  root  crops:  rota- 
tion and  fertilizer  experiments:  investigation  of  methods  of  culture, 
and  hybridization. 

Experiment  Station,  Vester-Hassing. 

A.  J.  Hansen.  Dir. 

(See  Experiment  Station.  Tystofte.  p.  82.) 

EGYPT. 

Elhedivial  Agricultural  Society,  Cairo. 

George  P.  Foaden.  Sew. 

This  society  was  organized  in  1898,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Khedive,  for  the  promotion  of  agricultural  investigations  on  seeds, 
plants,  fertilizers,  domestic  animals,  insects,  and  birds.  It  will  estab- 
lish six  experimental  farms  and  will  hold  agricultural  exhibitions. 
Up  to  date  the  society  has  established  two  or  three  of  these  farms  and 
has  published  the  results  of  several  manurial  experiments  on  cotton 
conducted  at  Gbizeh. 

FRANCE. 

Ministry  of  Agriculture.  Paris. 

Jean  Dupuv.  Minis,  of  Agr.;   L.  Vassillicre.  Dir.  of  Dept.  of 
mgr.;  Daubree,  Dir.  of  Dept.  of  For.;  Philippe.  Dir.  of  Dept.  of 
)Agr.  Hydraulics;  De  Plazon.  Dir.  of  Dept.  of  Horsi  Breeding;  L. 
Grandeau.  Tnsp.  Gen.  of  Agr.  St, is. 

The  French  Ministry  of  Agriculture  was  created  in  1381  and  com- 
prises four  departments,  each  of  which  is  subdivided  into  several 
bureaus.  The  ministry  control-  and  direct-  the  whole  system  of  insti- 
tutions for  agricultural  education  and  research,  grants  subsidies  for 
their  support,  and  publishes  reports  of  their  operations.  The  official 
publication  of  the  ministry  is  the  Bulletin  du  Ministeri  dt  V Agricul- 
ture, in  which  appear  all  official  laws,  decrees,  and  reports  of  the  min- 
istry, besides  agricultural  statistics  and  numerous  papers  on  agricultural 
subjects.  There  are  also  several  journals,  such  as  Annates  de  la  sou  nee 
igronomigue  and  Annates  agronomigues,  which  are  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  ministry  and  contain  reports  of  stations  and  labora- 
tories and  papers  on  agricultural  subjects. 

The  agricultural  stations  and  laboratories  of  France  are  under  the 
general  direction  of  an  officer  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  the 


84  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


inspector-general  of  agricultural  stations  and  laboratories.  Prof.  L. 
Grandeau  has  held  this  position  since  its  creation  in  1882.  The  institu- 
tions under  the  direction  of  the  inspector-general  are  of  two  general 
classes,  (1)  agricultural  stations  which  are  engaged  principally  in 
research  work  and  (2)  agricultural  laboratories  which  are  engaged  in 
analytical  work  for  farmers,  research  work  being  only  incidental  if 
done  at  all. 

Station  for  Sericulture,  Alais,  Gard. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Moziconnaci,  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  April  1,  1897,  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Equipment. — Four  laboratory  rooms  and  an  experimental  silkworm 
nursery. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $5,700  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $4,500;  Depart- 
ment of  Gard,  $600;  town  of  Alais,  $600). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  the  breeding,  rearing,  and  treat- 
ment of  silkworms. 

Agricultural  Station,  Amiens,  Somme. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  stuff. — Roger,  Dir.;  Hediard,  Lab.  Asst.;  several  assistants. 

Origin. — Established  in  1897  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Somme. 

Equipment.—  The  station  is  installed  in  a  rented  building,  which  con- 
tains an  office,  a  laboratoiw,  and  a  dark  room.  There  is  also  a  shed 
and  an  experimental  held. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,992.73  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $386;  town, 
$96.50;  department,  $1,510.23). 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural  and  manurial  experiments  with  field  crops; 
irrigation  investigations;  variet}T  tests;  experiments  with  commercial 
fertilizers:  the  making  of  agricultural  maps,  and  analysis  of  fertilizers, 
soils,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds. 

Agricultural  Station,  Arras,  Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Vuafiart,  Dir.;  Delattre,  First  Asst.  Chem.;  Lefort, 
Second  Asst.  Chem.;  Durot,  Lah.  Asst. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1869,  under  the  direction  of  A.  Pagnoul  and 
with  the  cooperation  of  the  town,  the  department,  and  the  Ministry  of 
Agriculture.  Until  1883  it  was  connected  with  the  college  at  Arras; 
then  it  was  made  a  departmental  establishment,  installed  in  buildings 
erected  especially  fur  its  use,  and  given  the  name  of  the  Agricultural 
Station  of  Pas-de-Calais. 

Equipm*  nt. — Laboratory  building,  including  museum,  two  analytical 
laboratories,  director's  private  laboratory,  office,  storerooms,  dark 


FRANCE. 


85 


room,  conservatory,  and  other  rooms,  with  complete  apparatus  for 
meterological  observations. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $2,856.40  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  1482.50; 
department,  $2,373.90). 

Lines  of  work. — Analyses  for  the  public;  meteorological  observa- 
tions; research  work,  including  experiments  with  field  crops  with  and 
without  manure,  soil  investigations,  experiments  with  commercial  fer- 
tilizers, especially  nitrates  and  phosphates. 

Agricultural  Station,  Auxerre,  Yonne. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff . — A.  Nantier,  Dir.;  Brioux,  Ohem. 
Origin. — Established  in  1882  by  the  Department  of  Yonne. 
Equipment. — Four  laboratory  rooms. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,833.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $772;  depart- 
ment, $772;  fees,  $289.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  waters,  soils,  and  fertilizers. 

Fish  Culture  Station,  Banyuls,  Pyrenees-Orientales. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Paris  Faculty  of 
Sciences. 

Station  staff. — De  Lacaze-Duthiers,  Dir.;  a  mechanician,  a  door- 
keeper, a  boatman,  4  sailors,  and  a  cabin  boy. 

Origin. — Established  in  1881,  through  the  cooperation  of  Depart- 
ment of  Pyrenees-Orientales  and  the  town  of  Banyuls. 

Equipment. — Fifty  rooms  in  a  building  belonging  to  the  State,  a 
steamboat,  3  sailboats,  aquariums,  and  a  large  experimental  fish  pond. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $328.10  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $231.60;  the 
town,  $96.50).  The  Ministry  of  Public  Instruction  pays  salaries  and 
laboratory  expenses. 

Lines  ofwwk. — Practical  and  investigational  work  in  fish  production. 

CEnological  Station  of  Bourgogne,  Beaune,  Cote-d'Or. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Mathieu,  Dir.;  Billon,  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  in  1900.  During  the  present  year  $28,950  has 
been  raised  by  the  town  of  Beaune,  $8,685  by  the  Department  of  Cote- 
d'Or,  and  $5,790  by  private  subscription  for  the  erection  of  buildings 
and  purchase  of  equipment. 

Income.—  Budget  from  the  State  for  1900,  $2,373.90. 

Lines  of  work.— Scientific  investigations  in  connection  with  the  wine- 
making  industry. 

Agricultural  Station  of  Franche-Comte,  Besancon,  Doubs. 

Established  by  ministerial  decree  of  July  18,  1901,  at  the  University 
of  Besancon. 


86 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Laboratory,  Bethune,  Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  a  committee  com- 
posed of  five  agriculturists  and  engineers. 
Station  staff . — Ponnelle,  Dir.;  one  assistant. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1877,  and  until  1889  connected  with  the  chem- 
ical laboratory  of  the  college  at  Bethune;  now  entirely  independent. 

Equipment. — A  laboratory  provided  and  kept  in  repair  by  the  town, 
and  an  agricultural  Library  open  to  farmers  at  certain  hours. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $±34.25  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $193;  Agricul- 
tural Society  of  Bethune,  $9.65;  fees,  $231.60). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  agricultural  products;  study  of  the 
soils  and  of  the  principal  crops  of  the  department,  such  as  grain,  beets, 
tobacco,  and  flax. 

Agricultural  Station,  Blois,  Loir-et-Cher. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  departmental 
professor  of  agriculture. 

Station  stuff. — Vezin,  Dir.;  Fallot,  V.  Dir.  and  Chem.;  Michon, 
Lab.  Asst.;  Joliret,  Helper. 

Origin. — Established  in  August,  1887,  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Loir-et-Cher. 

Equipment. — A  departmental  building  containing  seven  rooms,  and 
an  experiment  field  containing  about  1\  acres. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $2,856.40  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $868.50; 
department,  $1,312.40;  fees,  $675.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Field  experiments  with  the  principal  field  crops  of 
the  department,  supplemented  by  laboratory  studies  of  the  same; 
analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  waters,  flours,  chocolates,  wines,  etc.,  and 
the  making  of  agricultural  maps. 

Agricultural  and  CEnological  Station,  Bordeaux,  Gironde. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministiy  of  Agriculture  and  the  Bordeaux  Fac- 
ulty of  Sciences. 

Station  staff. — U.  Gayon,  Dir.;  Laborde,  V.  Dir.;  a  laboratory 
assistant  and  two  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1880  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Agricultural  chemical  laboratory  provided  by  the 
Department  of  Gironde. 

Income— -For  1900,  $2,509  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $1,621.20; 
Ministry  of  Public  Instruction,  $366.70;  department,  $250.90;  fees, 
$270.20). 

Lines  of  work, — Laboratory  research  work,  including  anatytical  and 
bacteriological  investigation  of  the  principal  agricultural  products 
of  the  department,  such  as  sugar,  wine,  and  grain;  analytical  work 


FRANCE. 


87 


for  the  people  of  the  department.  The  analyses  are  gratuitous  for 
agricultural  societies,  committees,  and  officers,  and  for  engineers  and 
officers  elected  by  the  department. 

Fish  Culture  Station,  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  Pas-de-Calais 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff . — Eugene  (/aim.  Dir.;  a  vice-director,  a  doorkeeper, 
three  fishermen. 

Origin. — Established  July  30,  1883,  on  a  part  of  the  public  domain, 
by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  cooperating  with  the  town  of  Boulogne- 
sur-Mer  and  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Equipment. — Aquarium  room,  experimental  laboratory,  sheds,  fish- 
ing apparatus,  and  museums.  A  boat  belonging  to  the  Government  is 
at  the  disposal  of  the  station. 

Inrn,n>. — For  1900,  $2,219.50  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  breeding  and  protecting  fish  in  the 
rivers  and  seaboard  waters  of  northern  France:  experiments  in  stock- 
ing the  waters  with  salmon  and  other  fish;  studies  of  the  natural  his- 
tory of  the  most  important  fishes  of  the  country,  of  methods  of  pre- 
serving nets,  of  frozen  herring  for  use  as  bait,  and  of  other  problems 
that  appear  to  be  important  in  fish  production. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Boulog-ne-sur-Mer,  Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Vuaflart.  Dir. ;  Sergent.  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  January  5,  L888,  in  connection  with  the  Fish 
Culture  Station  at  this  place:  independent  since  1895. 

Equipment. — Two  laboratories  in  buildings  furnished  by  the  State 
for  the  Fish  Culture  Station. 

Income.  —  For  1900,  £1,930  (Mini-try  of  Agriculture.  £579:  depart- 
ment. *r>7t':  fees.  £772). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  food  products,  soils,  fertilizers,  waters, 
and  butter. 

Agricultural  Station,  Caen,  Calvados. 

Governing  boarfL. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Caen  Faculty  of 
Sciences. 

Station  *taff. — Louise.  Dir.:  Paisnel,  Lab.  Asst. 
Origin. — Established  by  Tsidore  Pierre. 
Equijwii  nt. — Two  laboratories. 

Income.— For  1900.  §1.177.30  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  s:,30. 75:  Min- 
istry of  Public  Instruction.  *37o\:-5:>:  Department  of  Calvados,  $154.40; 
Department  of  Manche,  $115.*"). 

Lines  ofwork.—k.m\ys\&  of  soils,  fertilizers,  waters,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  dairy  products. 


88 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Capelle. 

Station  staff. — Marcel  Desprez,  jr.,  Dir. 

Origin. — The  station  is  a  private  institution,  established  many  years 
ago  in  connection  with  a  seed  farm  for  the  purpose  of  testing  varie- 
ties of  seeds.  For  a  number  of  years  it  received  an  annual  subsidy  of 
nearly  $600  from  the  State,  but  this  has  been  discontinued. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural,  fertilizer,  and  variety  tests  with  wheat, 
sugar  beets,  potatoes,  and  other  crops. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Chalons,  Marne. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  departmental 
professor  of  agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Doutte,  Dir.;  Haura.  O/iem.;  Rounet,  Asst.  Ohem. 

Origin. — Established  August  25,  1887,  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Marne. 

Equipment. — A  departmental  building  and  an  experimental  field  of 
about  2i  acres. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,702  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $289.50;  depart- 
ment, $1,544;  fees,  $868.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  waters,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  beets. 

Agricultural  Station,  Chartres,  Eure-et-Loir. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff . — C.  V.  Garola.  Dir.;  M.  Braum  and  Coujard,  Lab. 
Assts.;  Delafoy,  Clerk. 

Origin. — Established  in  1882  through  the  cooperation  of  the  meteoro- 
logical commission  and  the  Department  of  Eure-et-Loir. 

Equipment. — Two  laboratories  in  a  building  belonging  to  the  town, 
a  vegetation  house,  and  an  experiment  field. 

Income— For  1900,  $2,933.60  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  8772:  depart- 
ment, $579;  fees,  $1,582.60). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  etc.,  for  farmers; 
experiments  with  field  crops  to  test  various  fertilizers  and  methods  of 
culture. 

Agricultural  Station,  Chateauroux,  Indre. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff . — Alia,  Dir.;  Baloux,  Lab.  Asst. 
Origin. — Established  in  1874  by  Guinon. 

Equipment. — Five  rooms  in  a  rented  building,  15  vegetation  cases, 
and  an  experimental  vineyard. 

Income.—  For  1900, $2,316  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $907.10;  depart- 
ment, $472.85;  agricultural  society,  $434.25;  fees,  $501.80). 

Lines  of  work.  Analysis  of  soils,  lime,  marls,  fertilizers,  water,  and 
feeding  stuffs. 


FRANCE. 


89 


Agricultural  Laboratory,  Cluny,  Saone-et-Loire. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Paturel,  Dir.;  a  Laboratory  assistant. 
Origin. — Established  in  1887  as  a  departmental  laboratory. 
Equipment. — Laboratory  building  containing  two  laboratories  and 
an  office. 

Income.—- For  1900.  §1.119.40  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  §579:  depart- 
ment. #540.40). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  wines,  musts,  and 
miscellaneous  articles. 

Station  for  Viticulture,  Cognac,  Charente. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Statin,,  staff. — J.  M.  Gruillon,  Dir.;  Gouirand.  V.  Dir.;  Grirard,  Lab. 
Asst. 

Origin. — Established  in  1874  by  the  Viticultural  Committee  of  the 
district  of  Cognac,  with  A.  Cornu  as  director. 

Equiprn*  nt.  —  Laboratory  at  Cognac  and  demonstration  lields  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  department. 

Income. — For  1900,  82,605.50  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
The  expense  of  conducting  experiments  is  met  by  the  Viticultural  Com- 
mittee of  Cognac. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  mildew,  black  rot.  and  other  dis- 
eases of  the  vine  and  of  means  for  combating  them:  analysis  of  soils, 
fertilizers,  insecticides,  and  wines;  experiments  in  demonstration  lields 
to  test  methods  of  culture  and  varieties  of  grapes,  especially  those 
that  will  resist  attacks  of  phylloxera. 

Agricultural  Laboratory.  Commercy,  Meuse. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  departmental 
professor  of  agriculture. 

Stat  inn  staff. — Prudhomme.  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  in  1887  by  the  Commercy  Agricultural  Society. 
Equipment. — Two  rooms  in  a  building  furnished  by  the  town. 
Incomt . — For  1900,  ^i>77.,.>:2  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  £86.85;  depart- 
ment. $86.85;  Commercy  Agricultural  Society.  *1<  >l:.:2:2). 
Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils  and  fertilizers. 

Agricultural  Station,  Dijon,  Cote-cVOr. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Dijon  Faculty 
of  Sciences. 

Statin,,  staff.  —  Recoura,  Dir.;  M.  Billier  and  Chaussin,  Lab.  Assts. 
Origin.  —Founded  in  1884  upon  the  initiative  of  Duval,  governor  of 
Cote-d'Or,  and  Chapins,  rector  of  the  Academy  of  Dijon. 


90 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment. — Three  laboratories  connected  with  the  academy. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,M7.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  £579;  Minis- 
try of  Public  Instruction.  $193;  department.  £482.50:  fees,  £193). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers  and  agricultural  products, 
variety  tests  and  other  field  experiments  to  determine  the  best  crops 
and  methods  of  culture  for  the  department. 

Marine  Zoological  Laboratory.  Endoume,  Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Marseille  Fac- 
ulty of  Sciences. 

Station  staff. — Jourdan.  Dir.;  Gourret.  V.  Dir.;  a  fisherman;  a 
mechanician. 

Origin.—  Established  in  1887,  at  Endoume  Point,  on  the  site  of  the 
old  battery  of  Lions,  at  the  expense  of  the  city  of  Marseille,  with  con- 
tributions from  the  Ministry  of  Public  Instruction  and  the  Department 
of  Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Equipment.  —  Large  study  room  with  aquarium,  physiological  labo- 
ratory, laboratory  for  biological  chemistry,  three  research  laboratories, 
library,  large  underground  reservoir,  and  complete  apparatus  for  col- 
lecting, maintaining,  and  studying  the  marine  fauna. 

Income— For  1900,  £*2. 026.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  £386; 
Marseille  Faculty  of  Sciences.  £965:  department,  £289.50:  city  of 
Marseille.  £386). 

Lines  of  work. — Instruction  in  zoology:  scientific  research:  and 
work  in  applied  zoology,  such  as  investigation  of  the  food  of  edible 
fish  and  of  the  enemies  of  sardines,  mackerel,  and  other  fish  of  com- 
mercial importance. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Epinal.  Vosges. 

Govt  m  ing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Industrial  School 

of  Vosges. 

Station  staff. — Jolly.  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  in  1888  at  Remiremont  by  the  General  Assem- 
bly of  Vosges:  transferred  to  Epinal  in  1895. 

Equipment. — Five  rooms  in  a  building  belonging  to  the  town. 

Income. — For  1900,  £675.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  £193:  depart- 
ment. £482.50). 

Lines  <>f  mark. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  waters,  oil  cakes,  and 
butter. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Foix,  Ariege. 

Governing  hnard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Soula.  Dir. 

n,  igi,t. — Established  in  1884  by  the  Department  of  Ariege. 


FRANCE. 


91 


Equipment. — A  room  in  the  Normal  Institute  at  Foix,  and  an  experi- 
ment field  of  about  7b  acres. 

Income.— For  1900,  $115.80  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $57.90;  depart- 
ment, $57.90). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  wines,  and  lime. 

Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Physiology,  Fontainebleau,  Seine-et-Marne. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Paris  Faculty 
of  Sciences. 

Station  staff . — Gaston  Bonnier,  Dir.;  Duf bur,  Adjunct  Dir.;  two 
laboratory  assistants;  a  foreman;  two  gardeners. 
Origin—  Established  in  1890. 

Equipment. — A  part  of  the  Government  domain,  including  fields  and 
a  park  of  8b  acres,  in  which  are  located  a  laboratory  building  contain- 
ing 18  rooms  and  6  other  separate  laboratories. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $3,512.60  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $386;  Min- 
istry of  Public  Instruction,  $2,952.90;  department,  $77.20;  town, 
96.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Agricultural  experiments,  investigations  in  plant 
physiology,  and  apiculture. 

Agricultural  Station,  Grignon,  Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture — committee  on  agricul- 
ture; L.  Vassilliere  and  Dabat;  the  faculty  of  the  National  School  of 
Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — P.  P.  Deherain,  Dir.;  Dupont.  Chem.;  Berthault, 
Agr.;  Bretigniere,  Asst.  Agr. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1875  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Eqicipmt  nt. — Laboratories  of  the  college  at  Grignon,  with  which  the 
station  is  connected;  equipment  for  pot  culture;  lysimeter,  and  experi- 
ment field. 

Income. — For  1900,  $1,51-1,  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  fertilizers,  soils,  and  field  crops  for 
the  purpose  of  studying  plant  nutrition.  Among  the  problems  inves- 
tigated may  be  mentioned  the  following:  Exhaustion  of  arable  land 
by  continuous  culture  without  manure;  losses  and  gains  of  nitrogen  in 
the  soil;  loss  of  nitrogen  through  drainage  water;  humic  matter  as  a 
necessary  food  for  certain  plants;  autumn  catch  crops  as  conservators 
of  nitrogen;  influence  of  cultivation  and  aeration  of  the  soil  on  the 
activity  of  nitric  ferments;  influence  of  fall  plowing  on  nitrogen; 
effects  of  electric  lights  on  plant  growth;  effects  of  summer  fallowing; 
irrigation  as  affecting  the  necessary  outlay  for  nitrogenous  fertilizers, 
and  the  use  of  such  cultures  as  Alinit  and  Nitragin. 


92 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Station  of  Agricultural  Climatology,  Juvisy,  Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  officers  of  th< 
Observatory  of  Juvisy. 

Station  staff. — Camille  Flammarion,  Dir.;  Loisel.  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  at  the  observatory  of   Juvisy  in  1891  bj 
Camille  Flammarion. 

Equipment. — Three  hothouses  with  blue.  red.  and  green  glass, 
respectively:  one  ordinary  hothouse;  meteorological  and  physica 
apparatus;  an  experimental  held  of  1H  acres. 

Income. — For  1900.  $1,235.20,  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — Phy  sical  and  meteorological  researches,  principally 
on  solar  rays  and  their  action  upon  the  phenomena  of  plant  growth. 
Among  the  specific  problems  investigated  are  the  following:  The 
effect  of  solar  rays  on  the  development  of  plants;  effect  of  different 
colored  light  upon  the  development,  color,  and  transpiration  of  plants; 
the  sun  and  its  influence  upon  the  temperature  of  the  air  and  soil;  the 
internal  temperature  of  trees:  action  of  electricity  upon  plant  growth: 
rainfall  and  subterranean  waters. 

Agricultural  Station  and  Bacteriological  Laboratory  of  Aisne,  Laon. 

Governing  hoard. — Marzuriez.  Pres.,'  V.  Vieville.  V.  Pres.;  Gen- 
tilliez.  See.;  Pelletier.  Carre.  Ermant.  Dupuy,  Letellier.  Boulongne. 

Station  staff. — L.  Gaillot.  Dir.  and  Chem.;  G.  Brouet.  First  Asst. 
Chem.;  L.  Bourdon.  Second  Asst.  Chem.;  L.  Lavoine.  Agr.  Engin. 
and  Asst.  in  Pact. ;  M.  Lefebvre.  Sec.;  G.  Lagrange.  Porter. 

Origin. — Agricultural  station  opened  October  1.  1889;  bacterio-  I 
logical  laboratory  opened  in  1895. 

Equipment. — Large  general  laboratory,  small  laboratory,  room  for 
balances  and  instruments  of  precision,  dark  room,  director's  office, 
cellars,  granaries,  meteorological  apparatus,  bacteriological  laboratory; 
a  garden,  at  the  rear  of  which  is  a  laboratory  of  vegetable  pathology 
and  physiology,  and  experiment  fields  at  a  distance  of  about  one-half 
mile  from  the  station. 

Income.—  For  1900.  £7,198.90  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  §579;  Minis- 
try of  Public  Instruction  and  local  contributions.  §1.110.90;  analyses. 
12,509). 

Lines  of  work. — Research  work  with  field  crops  and  fertilizers  in 
both  laboratory  and  field;  analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  water,  and 
agricultural  products;  the  tes  ing  of  seeds  and  grains:  meteorological 
observations  applied  to  agriculture;  investigation  of  bacterial  diseases 
of  man  and  beast  and  of  plant  physiology  and  pathology.  The  direc- 
tor is  consulting  chemist,  plant  physiologist,  and  bacteriologist  of  the 
department,  and  also  inspector  of  fertilizers  and  butter. 


FRANCE. 


93 


Agricultural  Laboratory,  Laval,  Mayenne. 

Ik    Governing  hoard, — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  departmental 
professor  of  agriculture. 

Station  staff. — H.  Leizour,  Dir.;  Masseron,  Lab.  Asst. 
it    Origin. — Established  in  1880  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Mayenne. 

Equipment. — A  rented  building  containing  five  rooms. 
>,    Income. — For  1900,  $1,563.30  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $193;  depart- 
l  ment,  $1,25-1.50;  fees,  $115.80). 

Lines  of  work. — Almost  exclusively  the  gratuitous  analysis  and  con- 
trol of  fertilizers.  A  few  analyses  of  agricultural  products  are  made, 
ind  for  these  fees  are  exacted. 

Zoological  Laboratory,  Les  Sables  d'Olonne,  Vendee. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lncome. — For  1900,  $57.90  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Agricultural  Station,  Lezardeaux,  Finistere. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Lezardeaux 
School  of  Practical  Agriculture. 
Station  staff . — J.  Crochetelle.  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  in  1873  in  connection  with  the  departmental 
chemical  laboratory  and  the  College  of  Irrigation  and  Drainage  at 
Lezardeaux. 

Equipment. — The  station  makes  use  of  the  college  laboratories,  and 
has  an  experiment  field. 

Income.— For  1900,  $772  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $289.50;  depart- 
ment. $482.  :,<»). 

Lines  of  work.- — Analyses,  partly  gratuitous,  of  fertilizers,  soils, 
and  agricultural  products;  experiments  with  fertilizers  and  with  the 
principal  agricultural  products  of  the  department. 

Agricultural  Station,  Lille,  Nord. 

Govt  ming  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — A.  Dubernard,  Dir.;  one  assistant;  two  helpers. 

Origin. — Established  in  1869. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  experiment  field. 

Income.—  For  1900, $1,949.30 (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $386;  depart- 
ment, $579;  fees,  $1*84.30). 

Lines  <>f  work. — Analysis  of  agricultural  products,  soils,  and  fertil- 
izers; field  experiments  with  fertilizers  and  the  principal  field  crops  of 
the  department. 


94  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural  Station,  Lyon,  Rhone. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Lyon  Faculty 
of  Sciences. 

Station  staff. — L.  Vignon,  Dir.;  Barillat  and  Riche,  Form.;  afield 
foreman. 

Origin. — Established  in  1880  by  Raulin,  aided  b}^  the  Ministry  of 
Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  facilities  in  the  Chemical  Institute  and  an 
experimental  field  of  about  7£  acres. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,891.40  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $772;  depart- 
ment, $772;  agricultural  society,  $57.90;  fees,  $289.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils  and  fertilizers  and  the  making  of 
agricultural  maps. 

Dairy  Station,  Mamirolle,  Doubs. 

Station  staff. — C.  Martin,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Dairy  investigations,  cheese  making,  and  feeding 
experiments. 

Station  for  Sericulture,  Manosque,  Basses- Alpes. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  special  professor 
of  agriculture  at  Manosque. 
Station  staff. —  Brandi,  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  August  6,  1892,  by  the  Ministry  of  Agricul- 
ture. 

Equipment. — Two  laboratory  rooms. 

Income.  —  For  1900,  $289.50,  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Lines  of  work. — Research  work  in  silk  husbandry. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Marseille,  Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Staff. — Gassend,  Dir.;  two  laboratory  assistants. 
Origin. — Established  in  1888  by  Gassend  at  his  own  expense. 
Equipment. — Six  rooms  and  an  experimental  held. 
Income.—  For  1900,  $2,316  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $579;  fees, 
$1,737). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  water,  feeding  stuffs, 
grains,  sugar,  explosives,  and  food  products. 

Laboratory  for  Technical  Tests,  Marseille,  Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Governing  hoard. — The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Ministry  of 
Foreign  Affairs. 

Shit  ion  staff. — E,  Milliau,  Dir.;  Vittenet,  Form.;  four  laboratory 
assistants. 


FRANCE.  95 

Origin.—  Established  May  26,  1891.  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Equipment. — Eight  laboratory  rooms. 

Income—  For  1900,  $8,974.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $579;  Min- 
istry of  Foreign  Affairs.  $289.50;  fees.  $8,106). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers,  oil  cakes,  oils,  butter,  and 
other  articles  of  commerce. 

Agricultural  Station,  Melun,  Seine-et-Marne. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — A.  Vivier.  Dir.;  Lapchin,  Lab.  Asst. 
Origin. — Organized  and  opened  in  ls77  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Seine-et-Marne. 

Equipment. — Eight  rooms  in  a  departmental  building  and  a  small 
experimental  held. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,798.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $579;  depart- 
ment. $1,447.50;  fees,  $772). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers;  analysis  of  soils, 
beets,  milk,  and  water;  laboratory  research  work:  field  experiments 
with  various  manures  upon  the  principal  field  crops  of  the  department, 
important  among  which  is  the  sugar  beet.  Research  work  is  limited 
on  account  of  the  analytical  work  required  of  the  station  staff*. 

Station  of  Vegetable  Physiology,  Meudon,  Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  College  of 
France. 

Station  staff. — Berthelot,  Dir.;  Andre.  1"  Dir.;  one  assistant; 
gardener;  laboratory  assistant. 

Origin. — Established  in  1883  on  the  domain  of  the  ancient  Castle  of 
Meudon. 

Equipim  ht. — Research  laboratory  containing  a  well-equipped  analyt- 
ical room  with  adjoining  balance  room,  room  for  optical  and  electrical 
instruments,  dark  room  containing  a  saccharimeter  and  polariscope, 
library  and  reading  room,  storerooms,  quarters  for  keeper,  etc.  There 
is  also  a  large  laboratory  for  the  students.  The  grounds  surrounding 
the  laboratories  are  used  for  the  cultivation  of  plants  for  experiments. 

Income. — For  1900,  $965  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Investigations  in  the  fixation  of  free  nitrogen  and 
of  carbon;  the  formation  of  acids,  sugars,  and  oils  in  plants;  the  pro- 
duction of  heat  in  plants  and  animals,  and  other  problems  in  the  prov- 
ince of  vegetable  physiology. 

CEnolog-ical  Station,  Montpellier,  Herault. 

Governing  l><>ord. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

station  staff.  L.  Roos,  Dir.;  L.  Ravaz.  d>ir.  of  Yit.  Lab.;  F. 
Chabert,  Asst. 


96 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Origin. — Montpellier  is  in  the  midst  of  vineyards,  and  wine  produc- 
tion is  such  an  important  industry  that  for  more  than  twenty-five  years 
the  National  School  of  Agriculture  at  Montpellier  has  given  consider- 
able attention  to  instruction  and  research  in  this  branch  of  agricultural 
production.  The  station,  as  such,  was  established  by  the  Ministiw  of 
Agriculture  in  1895. 

Equipment. — GEnological  laboratory  in  one  of  the  large  school 
laboratory  buildings;  viticultural  laboratory  well  equipped  for  the 
study  of  the  vine  and  its  diseases  and  pests;  cenological  and  viticul- 
tural collections;  wine  cellars  that  can  be  regulated  to  &x\y  desired 
temperature;  the  college  vineyard  of  17  acres  containing  many  varie- 
ties of  grapes. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,489.70  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $1,872.10; 
department,  $289.50;  city,  $115.80;  andan  agricultural  society,  $212.30). 

Lines  of  work.  —Experiments  with  different  varieties  of  grapes; 
investigation  of  diseases  and  insect  pests  of  the  vine,  especially 
phylloxera;  study  of  problems  in  fermentation  and  the  influence  of 
temperature  upon  the  same;  and  general  research  work  in  grape  and 
wine  production. 

Station  for  Sericulture,  Montpellier,  Herault. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.  —Lambert,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1876  in  connection  with  the  School  of  Sericul- 
ture at  Montpellier;  annexed  in  1880  to  the  National  School  of  Agri- 
culture at  Montpellier. 

Equipment. — A  frame  building  containing  three  rooms  for  rearing 
silkworms,  a  place  for  mulberry  leaves,  a  small  laboratory,  green- 
house for  mulberry  trees,  and  a  room  containing  a  large  collection  of 
cocoons  and  silk  moths,  specimens  of  raw  and  carded  silk,  microscopes 
and  other  instruments  found  in  an  entomological  laboratory. 

Income. — For  1900,  $1,251.50  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  rearing  and  caring  for  silkworms 
of  different  varieties,  in  combating  diseases  and  pests  that  attack 
them,  with  different  varieties  of  mulberry,  and  with  other  phases  of 
silk  production. 

Agricultural  Station,  Montpellier,  Herault. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — H.  Lagatu,  Dir. 

Equipment. — Agricultural  laboratory  and  other  laboratories  of  the 
National  School  of  Agriculture  at  Montpellier;  fields  belonging  to  the 
school;  a  field  of  about  65  acres,  situated  on  a  lower  level  than  the 
school,  which  is  used  for  sewage  experiments. 


FRANCE. 


97 


Income. — For  1900,  $1,544  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Lines  of  work. — Cultural  and  manurial  experiments  with  field  crops, 
rotation  experiments,  and  irrigation  experiments  with  sewage. 

Agricultural  Station,  Nancy,  Meurthe-et-Moselle. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff . — E.  Colomb-Pradel,  Dir.;  E.  Gain,  Agr.  Bot.;  Dr.  E. 
Mace,  Agr.  Bad.;  A.  Bourgeois,  M.  Alard,  E.  Cassez,  Agr.  and  Vit.; 
j  L.  Thiry,  Agr.  Engin.  and  Rural  Econ.;  L.  Cuenot,  Agr.  Ent.,  Zool., 
and  Pisciculture;  R.  Blondel,  Agr.  Legislation;  E.  Heniy,  For.  and 
Geol.;  P.  Dieudonne,  Vet.  and  Zoot. 

Origin. — In  1868  L.  Grandeau  founded  at  Nancy  the  Agricultural 
Station  of  the  East.  In  1890  this  station  was  removed  to  Paris,  and 
in  its  place  was  established  the  Agricultural  Station  of  Nancy. 

Equipment. — Director's  office  and  library  and  chemical  laboratory. 
The  station  has  the  cooperation  of  several  departments  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Nancy  and  of  the  National  School  of  Forestry,  and  in  this  way 
has  the  use  of  several  special  laboratories.  Several  members  of  the 
station  staff  are  connected  with  other  institutions  and  give  but  little 
time  to  station  work. 

Income.—  For  1900,  12,827.15  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $738.23; 
department,  $738.22;  fees,  $1,061.50;  and  $289.50  from  the  Ministry 
of  Agriculture  for  field  experiments). 

Lines  of  work. — Laboratory  and  research  work  in  agricultural  chem- 
Kstry;  analysis  of  fertilizers  and  farm  products  for  fees;  investigations 
by  the  cooperating  members  of  the  staff  in  bacteriology,  viticulture, 
entomology,  veterinary  science,  etc.  Recently  the  station  has  begun 
the  publication  of  popular  articles  on  agricultural  topics,  several  of 
which  are  bound  together  in  bulletin  form. 

Agricultural  Station  of  the  Pasteur  Institute,  Nantes,  Loire-Inferieure. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Pasteur  Institute. 

Station  staff. — A.  Andouard,  Dir.;  P.  Andouard,  V.  Dir.;  A.  Laidet, 
Asst.;  three  helpers. 

Origin. — In  1861  A.  Bobierre  opened  at  Nantes  a  departmental 
chemical  laboratory;  in  1884  it  was  reorganized  by  Andouard  and 
became  an  agricultural  experiment  station. 

Equipment. — A  departmental  building  containing  ten  rooms  for 
analytical  and  research  work,  and  experiment  fields  containing  about  5J- 
acres. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $4,728.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $386;  depart- 
ment, $3,860;  fees,  $482.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers  and  agricultural  products, 

22018— No.  112—02  7 


98 


EXPEKIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOEEIGN  COUNTRIES. 


cultural  and  man u rial  experiments  with  field  crops,  variety  tests, 
bacteriological  investigations,  and  other  investigations  with  the  agri- 
cultural products  of  the  department. 

CEnological  Station,  Narbonne,  Aude. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — L.  Semichon,  Dir.;  Aatrue,  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  in  1895  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  the 
expense  of  installation  being  borne  jointly  by  the  State  and  the  Depart- 
ment of  Aude. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  and  demonstration  vineyards. 

Income—  For  1900,  $2,349.70  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $1,770.70; 
department  and  town,  $579). 

Lines  of  work. — The  research  work  includes  the  investigation  of 
processes  of  wine  manufacture;  the  study  of  the  bacteriology  of  fer- 
mentation and  of  the  diseases  of  the  vine,  such  as  oidium.  phylloxera, 
mildew,  black  rot,  etc.;  a  general  investigation  of  the  vine  products 
of  southern  France.  The  station  also  conducts  public  institutes  among 
the  grape  growers,  makes  gratuitous  analyses,  and  conducts  a  number 
of  demonstration  experiments  intended  as  object  lessons  to  promote 
the  use  of  modern  methods  of  culture  and  the  introduction  of  improved 
varieties  of  vines. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Nevers,  Nievre. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  departmental  pro- 
fessor of  agriculture. 

Station  staff: — Mancheron,  Dir.;  Lafontaine,  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  October  1.  1882,  through  the  cooperation  of 
the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  the  Department  of  Nievre,  the  town,  and 
the  citizens  of  the  department. 

Equipment. — Two  laboratorv  rooms  and  an  office. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,061.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $96.50; 
department,  $965). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  beets,  and  water. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Nimes,  Gard. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  departmental  pro- 
fessor of  agriculture. 

Station  staff. — B.  Chauzit,  Dir.;  Meyssel  and  Hugues,  Lah.  Assts.; 
Abel  and  Martin,  Helpers. 

Origin.—  Established  June  1,  1885,  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Gard  with  the  cooperation  of  the  Government,  the  town  of  Nimes, 
the  Agricultural  Society  of  Gard,  and  the  agricultural  committees  of 
Alais,  Uzes,  and  Vigan. 


FRANCE. 


99 


Equipment. — Laboratory  facilities  in  a  rented  building  and  an 
experimental  field  of  about  6  acres  at  a  short  distance  from  Nimes. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,003.60  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $231.60; 
department,  $289.50;  fees,  $4S2.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers,  soils,  foods,  feeding  stuffs, 
purines,  and  other  agricultural  products,  and  the  making  of  agricul- 
tural maps. 

CEnological  Station,  Q,uai  de  la  Fontaine,  Nimes,  Gard. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — E.  Kayser,  Dir.;  G.  Barbe,  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin.  —  Kstablished  in  1895  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  aided 
by  the  department. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  facilities  in  a  rented  building. 

Income.— For  L900,  $1,293.10  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture, 

Lines  of  work.  -Research  work  in  the  production  of  wine,  and 
the  analysis  of  wines,  musts,  etc. 

Colonial  Garden  (  Colonial  Garden  of  Vincennes),  Nogent-sur-Marne. 

station  staff. — J.  Dybowski,  Dir.  <n><f  Tnsp.-Gen.  of  Colon.  Ayr.; 
Drs.  Frou  and  Dubard,  Assts. 

Origin. — Organized  in  L899  as  a  central  station  to  direct  the  work 
of  the  experiment  stations  and  botanic  gardens  in  all  the  French 
colonies. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  for  original  investigations,  and  green- 
houses where  plants  are  propagated  for  shipping  to  the  colonies. 

Lines  of  work. — Administrative  work  in  connection  with  the  French 
colonial  stations  and  botanic  gardens  which  are  furnished  with  seeds 
and  plants  by  the  Colonial  Garden;  laboratory  studies  of  all  agricul- 
tural materials  sent  in  by  the  several  stations  and  gardens. 

Below  is  a  list  of  the  stations  under  the  direction  of  the  Colonial 
Garden: 

China:  Botanical  Garden,  Saigon  (Indo-China),  Lemarie,  Dir. 

Dahomey:  Experiment  Station,  Teissonnier,  Dir. 

French  Kongo:  Experiment  Station,  Libreville,  C.  Chalot,  Dir. 

French  ( iuiana:  Botanical  Garden,  Buduel,  Bassiere,  Dir. 

French  Guinea;  Experiment  Station,  Konakry,  Teissonnier,  Dir. 

Guadel  >upe:  Agricultural  Chemical  Station,  Elot,  Dir. 

Ivory  Coast:  Experiment  Station,  Dabou,  Teissonnier,  Dir. 

Madagascar:  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Nahanisana,  Fauchere,  Dir. 

Martinique:  Botanic  Garden,  Saint  Pierre,  Nollet,  Dir. 

Reunion:  Botanic  Garden,  St.  Denis,  E.  Grimley,  Dir. 

Senegal:  Experiment  station,  St.  Louis,  Perruchot,  Dir. 

Sudan : 

Experiment  Station,  Bammakou,  Luc,  Dir. 
Experiment  Station,  French  Africa,  Jacques,  Dir. 
Agricultural  station,  K at i .  Martret,  Dir. 
Tunis:  Experiment  Station,  Tunis,  Guillochon,  Dir. 


100         EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Laboratory,  Olmet,  Cantal. 

Govt  rning  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — E.  Duclaux,  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  in  1893  by  Duclaux. 

Equipment. — Three  rooms  in  a  building  belonging  to  Duclaux. 
Income. — For  1900,  $77.20  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  *  work. — Analysis  of  waters. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Orleans,  Loiret. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  departmental 
professor  of  agriculture. 

Station  staff.- — Duplessis,  Dir.;  Piegard,  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  July  2,  1888,  by  the  Department  of  Loiret. 

Equipment. — Two  large  laboratories  and  an  office  in  a  rented 
building. 

Income— For  1900,  $2,112.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $193; 
department,  $1,717.70;  fees,  $501.80). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  water,  seeds,  etc. 
The  director  is  conducting  somewhat  extensive  experiments  with 
American  phylloxera-resistant  vines. 

Station  of  Agricultural  Entomology,  16  Rue  Claude  Bernard,  Paris. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  National  Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Paul  Marchal,  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  in  March, 
1891,  at  the  National  Agricultural  Institute. 

Equipment — Two  rooms  containing  entomological  apparatus. 
Income. — For  1900,  $1,251.50  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Lines  of  work. — Determination  of  useful  and  noxious  insects. 

Agricultural  Station  of  the  East,  48  Rue  de  Lille,  Paris. 

Govt  ming  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  National  Society 
for  the  Encouragement  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  L.  Grandeau,  Dir.;  E.  Bartmann,  Cham.;  F. 
Alba,  Asst. 

Origin. — The  Agricultural  Station  of  the  East  was  founded  at  Nancy 
by  L.  Grandeau  in  1868,  and  since  that  time  has  been  under  his  con- 
tinuous direction.    In  1890  Grandeau  transferred  his  station  to  Paris. 

Equipment.— A  rented  laboratory  at  18  Rue  de  Lille,  and  an  exper- 
iment field  of  about  If  acres  at  the  Pare  des  Princes,  Avenue  Victor 

Hugo. 

Income.  For  L900,  $2,895  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $1,511;  fees, 
$1,351). 


FRANCE. 


101 


Lines  of  work. — Laboratory  investigations  in  agricultural  chemistry, 
including  analyses  and  research  work  for  private  persons,  for  which 
fees  are  collected;  field  experiments  with  various  manures  and  com- 
mercial fertilizers  and  with  field  crops. 

Laboratory  of  Fermentations,  Rue  de  l'Arbalete,  Paris. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  National  Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Station  staff, — E.  Duclaux,  Dir.;  Kayser,  Form. 

Origin. — Established  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  in  1888  and 
placed  under  the  management  of  the  National  Agricultural  Institute. 

Equijynru  nt. — A  chemical  laboratory  and  several  laboratories  devoted 
to  special  investigations. 

Income.— Yox  1900,  $1,987.90  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — Scientific  investigation  of  problems  arising  in  the 
process  of  brewing  and  distilling  and  of  all  products  affected  by  fer- 
ments, including  those  of  wine,  cider,  and  milk. 

Station  of  Vegetable  Pathology,  11  Rue  d'Alesia,  Paris. 

Governing  1»<<i,-<1. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Delacroix,  Dir.;  Joffeni,  Lab.  Asst. 
Origin. — Installed  as  a  department  of  the  National  Agricultural 
Institute  in  1888. 

Equipment. — A  well-equipped  laboratory,  a  collection  of  types  of 
vegetable  parasites,  and  an  experimental  field. 

Income. — For  1900.  $2,238.80  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Idvrs  of  tmrl\ — Investigation  of  diseases  of  plants.  The  station 
identifies  plant  diseases  and  gives  directions  for  their  suppression.  All 
work  done  for  farmers  is  gratuitous. 

Station  for  Testing"  Seeds,  Paris. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  National  Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Station  staff. — E.  Schribaux,  Dir.;  Bussard,  Form.;  Etienne, 
1L  Ijh  /'. 

Origin. — Organized  in  1884  in  connection  with  the  National  Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Equipment'. — A  laboratory  and  a  small  experiment  field. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,586.20  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Li  in  s  of  work. — Seed  control  and  analysis  of  oil  cakes.  In  the  labo- 
ratory seeds  are  examined  to  determine  their  purity  and  germinative 
power  and  in  the  field  variety  tests  are  conducted. 


102  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  EN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Station  for  Testing-  Agricultural  Implements.  47  Rue  Jenner,  Paris. 

Governing  board.— Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Statioji  staff. — M.  Ringelmann,  Dir:;  E.  Rochel.  Jtfech.;  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1688  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Equipment. — A  laboratory  iitted  with  dynamometers,  indicators, 
registers,  balances,  and  various  other  instruments  of  precision  for 
testing  farm  implements. 

Income. — For  1900,  $1,987.90  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Lines  of  work. — The  testing  of  all  sorts  of  farm  implements  to  deter- 
mine their  capacity,  the  quality  of  work  done,  the  cost  of  operation, 
the  approximate  wear  and  tear,  draft,  etc.  Annual  reports  of  tests 
are  made  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  (Ministiere 

T  Aurico.lt  m\  Bulletin). 

Laboratory  of  the  General  Transportation  Company,  Paris. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  L.  Grandeau.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  is$n  by  the  General  Transportation  Company 
of  Paris  and  since  that  time  maintained  at  the  expense  of  this  corpo- 
ration. 

Eq  »  ipmen  t.  —Laboratory. 

Lines  of  work. — The  station  has  two  distinct  purposes:  (1 )  All  the 
feed  for  the  horses  of  the  company  is  analyzed  and  the  daily  ration  of  the 
horses  is  based  on  the  results;  (2)  for  twenty  years  L.  Grandeau  and 
his  as>istant>  have  conducted  a  series  of  experiments  on  the  feeding  of 
the  draft  horse. 

Agricultural  Station.  Petre.  Vendee. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  School  of  Prac- 
tical Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Touchard.  Dir.;  Fleckinger  and  M.  Bonnotat, Chems. 

Origin. — Established  in  1888  by  Vauchez.  aided  by  Government 
funds. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  demonstration  fields. 

Income. —  For  19o0.  £1.235.20  from  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Linesof  work: — Gratuitous  analysis  for  farmers  of  a  large  number 
of  >amples  of  fertilizers,  soils,  and  agricultural  products;  scientific 
investigation  of  agricultural  problems,  including  the  study  of  fermen- 
tation in  silage  and  the  investigation  of  means  for  combating  phyllox- 
era and  other  pe>t-  of  the  vine;  tield  demonstrations;  and  the  control 
of  cooperative  dairies. 

Agricultural  Laboratory.  Poitiers,  Vienne. 

Goth  rning  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Poitiers  Faculty 

of  Sciences. 

Station  staff. — Roux,  Dir.;  Renault.  Lab.  Asst.;  a  helper. 


FRANCE. 


103 


Origin. — Established  December  38,  1887.  by  the  Poitiers  Faculty  of 
Sciences. 

Equipment. — Seven  rooms  in  the  Poitiers  Faculty  of  Sciences 
building. 

Income.— For  1900, f 1,235.20  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $193;  depart- 
ment. $1,042.20). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  waters,  wine,  vinegar, 
and  milk. 

Agricultural  Station,  Rennes,  Ille-et-Vilaine. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  Rennes  Faculty 
of  Sciences. 

Station  staff. — Gr.  Lechartier,  Dir.;  Artus  and  Given.  Lab.  Assts. 
Origin. — Established  in  April.  1878,  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture 
and  Lechartier. 

Equipment. — Four  rooms  in  the  Faculty  of  Sciences  building,  a 
greenhouse,  an  experimental  field  of  \\  acres  at  the  Practical  School 
of  Agriculture  of  Crois-Croix. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $2,238.80  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $1,042.20; 
Ministry  of  Public  Instruction.  5<  1 7 : ) . 7 » » :  department,  $810.00:  fees. 
§212.30). 

Lints  of  work.—  Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  water,  apples,  flours, 
oil  cakes,  cider,  etc.:  and  pomological  investigations. 

Agricultural  Station,  Rethel,  Ardennes. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  School  of  Prac- 
tical Agriculture  of  Rethel. 

Station  staff. — Coutte,  Dir.;  De  Gironcourt.  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  November  1, 1893,  at  the  expense  of  the  Gov- 
ernment and  Linard,  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

Equipment.  Two  rooms  in  the  School  of  Practical  Agriculture  and 
an  experiment  held  of  1  acre. 

Income.— Fox  1900,  $810.60 (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $617.(30;  fees, 
$193). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  and  forage  crops. 

Agricultural  Station,  Rouen,  Seine-Inferieure. 

Governing  board.— Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Statin,,  staff. — A.  Houzeau,  Dir.  The  director  has  the  assistance 
of  several  men  at  the  station,  and  also  the  cooperation  of  a  score  or 
more  of  trained  men  who  have  charge  of  the  demonstration  fields  of 
the  Department  of  Seine-Inferieure. 

Origin.    Established  May  1.  L883,  by  the  department. 

Equipment. — Several  laboratories  for  technical  experiments;  one 


104  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


research  laboratory;  a  garden  for  cultural  experiments;  an  orchard 
containing  many  varieties  of  apples  and  pears  from  which  scions  for 
grafting  are  taken  and  distributed  among  the  fruit  growers  of  the 
department;  the  control  of  a  number  of  demonstration  fields. 

Income.— For  1900,  $4,940.80  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $193;  Min- 
istry of  Public  Instruction  and  local  contributions,  $4,400.40;  fees, 
$347.40). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  mineral  and  organic  manures,  soils, 
waters,  feeding  stuffs,  milk,  butter,  cider  fruits,  ciders,  etc.;  investi- 
gation of  problems  in  agriculture  and  agricultural  chemistry;  and 
station  extension  work,  which  includes  the  distribution  of  scions  from 
improved  varieties  of  cider  fruits,  and  demonstrations  in  growing- 
wheat,  oats,  rape,  flax,  sugar  beets,  and  other  crops,  in  destroying- 
charlock  with  iron  sulphate,  and  in  rational  stock  feeding.  Analyses 
for  the  cultivators  of  the  department  are  gratuitous. 

Laboratory  of  Agricultural  Entomology,  Rouen,  Seine-Inferieure. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Paul  Noel.  Dir.;  two  helpers. 

Origin. — Established  October  1.  1890,  by  the  Department  of  Seine- 
Inferieure. 

Equipment. — Nine  rooms  in  a  rented  building  and  a  garden  of  1J 
acres. 

Income—  For  1900,  $2,219. 50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $772;  depart- 
ment, $1,447.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Determination  of  useful  and  noxious  insects. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Saint-Etienne,  Loire. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  School  of  Mines 
at  Saint-Etienne. 

Station  staff. — Etienne,  Dir.;  Ville.  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. —  Established  in  1890  at  the  request  of  the  Department  of 
Loire. 

Equipment. — Building  containing  three  rooms  and  cellar. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $984.30  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $57.90;  Minis- 
try of  Public  Works,  $154.40;  department,  $96.50;  School  of  Mines, 
$193;  fees,  $482.50). 

Lines  of  work—  Analysis  of  fertilizers  and  water. 

Agricultural  Station,  Toulouse,  Haute-Garonne. 

Governing  board.  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Toulouse  Faculty  of 
Sciences. 

Station  staff.— Fabre,  Dir.;  Prunet,  V.  Dir.;  Gayand,  Form.;  a 
gardener. 


FRANCE. 


105 


i  Origin.—  Established  October  24,  1802.  by  the  Ministry  of  Public 
l  Instruction. 

In  Equipment. — The  laboratory  facilities  of  the  station  are  in  a  build- 
ing of  the  University  of  Toulouse,  and  include  four  agricultural- 

i-  chemical  laboratories,  three  botanical  laboratories,  a  microscope  room, 
two  workrooms,  a  balance  room,  and  a  museum.  The  station  also  has 
access  to  the  Observatory  of  Toulouse  and  an  experimental  field  of  2£ 

\  acres. 

Income.— For  1900, 11,341.35  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $579;  Minis- 
1  try  of  Public  Instruction.  $579:  department,  $183.35). 
j      Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and 
seeds. 

CEnological  Station,  Toulouse,  Haute-Garonne. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — J.  Vincens,  Dir.;  Lacassagne,  Lab.  Asst. 
Origin. — Established  in  1900  by  decree  of  the  Ministry  of  Agri- 
culture. 

Equipment.- — Five  rooms  in  a  building  belonging  to  the  city. 

Income. — For  1900,  $1.791.im>  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $1,717.70; 
department.  £38.60:  agricultural  society,  $38.60). 

lines  of  work. — Scientific  investigations  in  connection  with  the  wine- 
making  industry;  and  the  analysis  of  musts,  wines,  and  grapes. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Tours,  Indre-et-Loire. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — L.  Robin.  Dir.;  Bertrand,  Lab.  Asst. 

Origin. — Established  July  10,  1890,  by  M.  Chataignier  and  Robin 
with  the  cooperation  of  the  Department  of  Indre-et-Loire. 

Equipment. — Three  rooms  furnished  by  the  town. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,968.60  (Ministry  of  Agriculture, $579;  depart- 
ment. $636.90;  fees.  §752.70). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  water,  seeds,  and 
building  materials;  and  studies  of  methods  of  vinification. 

Agricultural  Laboratory,  Versailles,  Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  the  departmental 
professor  of  agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Riviere  Dir.;  Bailhache  and  Duhamel.  Lab.  Assts. 

Origin.—  Established  July  1.  1885,  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Seine-et-Oise. 

Equipment.- — Five  rooms  in  the  departmental  building  at  the  pre- 
fecture, and  an  experiment  field  of  over  L2  acres  at  Martiniere. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,412.50  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $193;  depart- 
ment. *2,l>19.50). 


106  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  water,  feeding-  stuffsj 
apples,  and  seeds. 

Laboratory  of  Horticultural  Research,  Versailles,  Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — A.  Petit,  Dir. 

Origin. — The  laboratory  was  organized  in  connection  with  the 
National  School  of  Horticulture  at  Versailles. 

Equipment. — A  laboratory  and  the  gardens  of  the  School  of  Horti- 
culture, which  cover  about  25  acres. 

Income.— For  1900,  $636.90  from  the  Ministry  of  Public  Instruction. 

Lines  of  work. — Research  work  in  fruit  and  vegetable  gardening, 
cultivation  under  glass,  and  nursery  operations. 

Station  for  Viticulture,  Villefranche,  Rhone. 

Station  staff. — V.  Vermorel,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  grape  production,  including  tests 
of  phylloxera-resistant  vines  and  a  study  of  the  diseases  of  the  vine; 
and  experiments  with  explosives  for  the  prevention  of  hailstorms. 

FRENCH  KONGO. 

Experiment  Station,  Libreville.  a 

Station  staff. — C.  Chalot,  Dir. 

Origin. — Supposed  to  have  had  its  origin  in  the  Kerelle  Garden, 
which  was  established  about  1850  and  several  times  abandoned  and 
restored.  The  station  as  now  constituted,  however,  was  established 
in  1887. 

Equipment. — Trial  grounds  covering  about  40  acres  under  culti- 
vation. 

Income.—  Budget  for  1901,  $2,925.88. 

Lines  of  work. — Culture  and  distribution  of  varieties  of  cacao, 
vanilla,  coffee,  cocoa,  cloves,  pepper,  bananas,  oranges,  and  other 
tropical  productions,  and  ornamental  trees;  the  introduction  of  forage 
plants,  fruits,  and  vegetables. 

GERMAN  EAST  AFRICA. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Usambara. 

In  1896  a  station  was  established  at  Usambara  for  the  purpose  of 
determining  the  adaptability  of  the  country  Avest  of  the  Luengera  to 
tropica]  agriculture,  general  agriculture,  and  stock  raising.  Experi- 
ments are  conducted  at  different  altitudes  with  native  and  introduced 
tropical  plants  to  determine  those  best  suited  to  cultivation  in  that 
region.    Later  thv  station  is  to  supply  these  plants  and  seeds  on  a 


"See  Colonial  (Jarden,  Nogent-sur-Marne,  p.  99. 


GERMANY. 


107 


~i  commercial  scale.  Another  object  of  the  station  is  to  ascertain  how  far 
he  country  may  be  suited  to  the  colonizing  of  German  settlers,  the 
imount  of  capital  required  to  start  in  different  kinds  of  farming,  and 
he  probable  profits. 

GERMANY. 

■  In  Germany  there  is  no  central  department  of  agriculture,  no  cen- 
tal authority  having  control  of  experiment  stations  or  agricultural 
education,  no  uniform  system  of  management  for  these  institutions. 
The  Empire  is  a  confederation  of  26  states  (kingdoms,  grand  duchies, 
luchies.  and  free  states),  each  having  its  own  system  of  government  so 

I  "ar  as  the  management  of  local  affairs  is  concerned.    Only  one  of  these 

"  jtates,  Prussia,  maintains  a  department  of  agriculture  distinct  from 
)ther  departments  of  the  Government;  others  place  the  administration 
)f  agricultural  interests  under  the  department  of  the  interior  or  some 
)ther  branch  of  the  Government.  From  this  condition  of  affairs  it 
ratu  rally  follows  that  there  are  no  federal  experiment  stations  in 
Grermany.    Nor  were  the  German  experiment  stations  organized  by 

'  the  states,  but  for  the  most  part  by  associations  of  farmers,  brewers, 
md  other  patrons,  by  whom  they  were  at  first  almost  entirely  sup- 
ported and  from  whom  they  now  receive  more  than  two-thirds  of  their 
funds,  either  through  societies  or  as  fees.  Nearly  all  of  the  stations 
ire  subsidized  by  their  respective  governments,  but  few  of  them 
receive  from  this  source  all  that  is  needed  for  running  expenses, 
i  The  management  of  the  stations  is  as  far  from  uniform  as  were  the 
methods  of  establishing  them.  Some  are  under  the  direct  control  of 
the  state  or  provincial  departments  of  agriculture,  some  under  the 
management  of  schools  with  which  they  are  connected,  some  under 
committees  appointed  by  societies,  and  others  combine  two  or  even 
three  of  these  methods.  The  only  real  bond  of  union  between  German 
experiment  stations  is  found  in  the  Association  of  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Stations  in  the  German  Empire,  which  was  organized  at  Weimar, 
January  22,  1888,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  "  greatest  practi- 
cable uniformity  in  the  examination  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding 
stuffs,  seeds,  and  other  important  agricultural  supplies."  This  associa- 
tion meets  annually  and  discusses  not  only  analytical  methods,  but 
also  matters  concerning  nomenclature,  valuation  of  nutrients,  training* 
and  placing  of  assistants,  and  other  questions  of  policy.  The  associa- 
tion has  proven  so  satisfactory  that  the  need  of  federal  organization 
has  not  been  felt  in  Germany. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Arendsee,  Saxony. 

Governing  board. — Under  the  management  of  the  Agricultural 
Winter  School  at  Arendsee,  with  which  it  is  connected. 
Sf,ttn>n  staff.    Dr.  P.  Herzberg,  Dir. 
Lints  of  work. — Seed  control. 


108  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Augsburg,  Bavaria. 

(Institute  for  Agricultural  Investigation.) 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  agricultural  societies!  $ 
of  Schwaben  and  Neuburg. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  M.  Hagen,  Dir.;  Drs.  W.  Meyer  and  F.  Wild! 
Assts.;  one  helper.  •  ¥ 

Origin. — Established  in  1865  at  Memmingen;  removed  in  1869  tcP 
Augsburg. 

Equipment. — A  modern  laboratoiy  in  a  special  building. 

Income. — For  1900,  $3,094  (agricultural  societies  of  Schwaben  and 
Neuburg,  $238;  fees,  $2,856). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  fertilizer  problems;  and  control  of 
fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  seeds,  foods,  milk  and  dairy  products.  Ques- 
tions along  the  line  of  agricultural  chemistry  suggested  by  the  admin- 
istration receive  attention.  Contracts  are  made  with  manufacturers) 
and  merchants  to  establish  the  guaranty  of  their  wares  and  to  invest! 
gate  or  settle  questions  of  dispute  between  them  and  their  customers 


Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Augustenberg,  Baden. 8 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  the  Interior  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Baden. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  I.  Behrens,  Dir.;  Drs.  F.  Muth  and  von  Wahl] 
Assts.  Bot.;  Drs.  Loos,  Stang,  Schaller,  and  Horn,  Assts.  (linn. 

Origin. — Established  in  the  summer  of  1901  by  uniting  the  two 
stations  in  Karlsruhe  (the  Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station 
established  in  1859  and  the  Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station 
established  in  187:2)  and  moving  them  to  Augustenberg. 

Equipment. — Pending  the  erection  of  buildings,  the  station  occupies 
a  building  belonging  to  the  Augustenberg  Agricultural  Winter  School 
and  also  uses  for  experimental  purposes  the  extensive  tields  and  vine- 
yards belonging  to  the  school. 

Income. — The  estimated  income  for  1901,  $8,687. 

Lines  of  work. — The  transfer  of  the  station  from  Karlsruhe  to 
Augustenberg  lias  interrupted  temporarily  the  more  important  scien- 
tific  work  of  the  station  and  only  the  most  pressing  work,  such  as 
investigation  of  w  ines,  the  making  of  pure  cultures,  and  control 
work  with  seeds,  fertilizers,  and  feeding  stuffs,  is  now  carried  on. 
Later,  however,  the  station  will  extend  its  operations  to  include 
anything  of  scientific  interest  in  connection  with  the  production  of 
grapes,  tobacco,  hops,  wine,  and  cereals. 


a  Post-office  address,  Grotzingen. 


GERMANY.  109 

1 

astitute  for  Fermentation  Industries  and  Starch  Manufacture,  Seestrasse, 

Berlin,  Prussia. 

Govei^ning  hoard. — Dr.  Thiel,  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture;  Dr. 
Jthoff,  of  the  Ministry  of  Education:  and  Prof.  Vogler,  rector  of 
ie  Royal  Agricultural  High  School  of  Berlin. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Max  Delbruck,  Dir.;  Profs.  Von  Ecken- 
recher.  Windisch,  Lindner.  Drs.  Saare.  Struve.  Rothenbach,  Schon- 
pld,  Reniy.  and  Hoffman,  and  Engineer  Goslich.  Chief  s  of  Dim. ;  Drs. 
leinzelmann.  Matthes,  Lange.  Parow.  Wilke,  Konig.  Henneberg, 
>onath.  Nagel,  Neumann.  Marienhagen,  Hander.  Behrend.  Hasse, 
lay  man  n,  Rommel.  Hartmann.  Griming,  Vogelsang.  Reich.  Von 
Hot,  Keil.  Hiithig.  Dennhart.  Kownatzki.  Engineers  Haack  and 
telkers.  and  M.  Student,  F.  Goldiner.  Handow.  Assts. 

Or <<i>n. — The  institute  was  organized  as  the  result  of  a  popular 
emand  for  instruction  and  scientific  investigation  in  industries  related 
;>  brewing,  distilling,  and  starch  production.  The  grounds  and  exten- 
ve  buildings  belong  to  the  Government,  but  the  machinery  and  the 
quipment  and  all  the  funds  necessary  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the 
:ation  are  provided  by  the  following  societies:  Association  of  German 
distillers  (Von  Grass).  Association  of  German  Starch  Manufacturers 
5chulze).  Association  of  German  Corn  Distillers  and  Compressed 
"east  Manufacturers  (Bar.  von  Gillhaussen),  Association  of  German 
'inegar  Manufacturers  (C.  Maskopf).  Association  of  Brewers  in  Berlin 
p.  Goldschmidt).  Each  society,  through  its  representative  (mentioned 
i  parentheses  above)  has  charge  of  the  work  of  its  particular  depart- 
lent. 

Equipment. — Experimental  laboratories:  machine  testing  room;  for 
ach  division  machinery  and  equipment  necessary  for  the  manufacture 
t  its  respective  product  on  a  wholesale  scale;  15  acres  of  land. 

Income. — The  institute  received  in  1900  from  the  various  societies 
lentioned  above  about  £202,300. 

Lin**  of  irnrl'. — The  manufacture  of  malt  and  distilled  liquors,  starch, 
inegar.  etc. :  investigation  of  chemical  and  bacteriological  problems 
l  connection  with  the  production  of  these  commodities;  testing  ma- 
linery  used  in  breweries,  distilleries,  etc.;  cultural  and  fertilizer 
xperiments  with  barley,  potatoes,  and  hops. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  German  Agricultural  Society,  Berlin. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  of  the  German  Agricultural  Society. 
Station  stuff. — Dr.  H.  Thiesing.  Dir.;  Drs.  Pritzkow.  Zahn.  and 
lofker,  Assts.;  one  stenographer:  two  helpers. 
Origin. — Opened  in  1894. 

Income. — The  station  receives  its  support  entirely  from  fees  for 
avestigations. 

Liros  of  trnrk. — The  station  performs  scientific  investigations  to 
etermine  the  best  methods  of  removing  and  utilizing  garbage. 


110  EXPEKIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOEEIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Experiment  Station  for  Milling,  Berlin. 

Governing  hoard. —  Royal  Prussian  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff— Prof.  L.  Wittmack,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 

Origin. — Organized  in  1899  by  the  Association  of  German  Millers. 

Equipment. — Connected  with  the  Royal  Agricultural  High  School 
of  Berlin  and  makes  use  of  its  buildings.  The  necessary  apparatus  is 
provided  by  the  Association  of  German  Millers. 

Income— For  1900.  $952. 

Li  ins  <,f  marl-. — Investigation  of  flour  and  bran  for  the  board  of 
customs.  Agricultural  Ministry.  Millers'  Union,  and  private  persons; 
also  of  oil  cakes  and  feeding  stuffs  for  private  persons;  giving  advice 
to  millers  and  bakers:  investigation  of  the  baking  qualities  of  varie- 
ties of  wheat  and  of  methods  of  estimating  starch,  ash,  fat.  etc..  in 
flour  and  bran;  determination  of  the  role  of  lactic-acid  and  butyric- 
acid  bacteria  in  baking  processes. 

Biological  Division  for  Agriculture  and  Forestry  of  the  Royal  Board  of 

Health,  Berlin. 

Governing  hoard. — Dr.  Kohler.  Pres. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Fr.  von  Tubeuf.  Dir.  <tn<l  Plant  Physiol.;  Dr. 
Moritz.  Agr.  Chem.;  Dr.  Rorig,  Ent.;  Dr.  Hiltner.  Bart.;  Dr. 
Scharpe,  Asst.  Ayr.  Chem.;  Drs.  Appel  and  Kruger,  Assts.  Plant- 
Physiol.;  Dr.  Jacobi.  Asst.  Ent.;  Dr.  Peters,  Asst.  Bad.;  Holleufer, 
Sec. :  Moschke,  Form. 

Bines  of  work. — Investigations  in  economic  ornithology  and  ento- 
mology, including  methods  of  combating  the  pea  weevil,  gypsy  moth, 
etc.:  experiments  with  fertilizers  on  wheat,  with  metallic  salts  for  the 
destruction  of  weeds,  and  with  leguminous  plants  to  study  the  func- 
tion of  tubercles. 

Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Beet-Sugar  Makers'  Union  of  Germany,  Berlin. 

Staff.—  Prof.  A.  Herzfeld.  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical  analysis  and  scientific  investigations  in 
connection  with  beet-sugar  production. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bernburg,  Anhalt. 

Governing  hoard. — President  of  the  ducal  government  of  Anhalt, 
three  representatives  of  the  Association  of  the  Beet-Sugar  Industry  of 
the  German  Empire,  and  the  director. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  H.  AVilfarth,  Dir.;  Drs.  H.  Roemer,  G.  Wim- 
mer,  and  G.  Stieher,  Assts. 

Origin.— Founded  in  1882  by  the  State  on  the  site  of  the  school  in 
Bernburg. 

Eqwjpment.—Jk  three-story  laboratory  building;  preparation  house; 


GERMANY. 


Ill 


greenhouse  and  shelter  shed,  provided  with  car  tracks,  which  facilitate 
the  moving  of  pots  back  and  forth.  The  laboratory  building  contains 
a  well-equipped  chemical  laboratory,  balance  room,  dark  room,  offices, 
storerooms,  etc..  and  apartments  for  the  director  and  his  assistants. 
-  Income.—  For  1900.  £(3,307  (State.  *,U>4»5:  Association  of  the  Beet- 
Sugar  Industry.  £l.r.X>;  German  Agricultural  Society.  £357:  Sales 
Syndicate  of  the  Kali  Works  at  Stassfurt,  $714). 

Lines  of  work. — The  investigation  of  problems  in  the  growth  and 
nutrition  of  plants,  especially  sugar  beets,  by  the  sand-culture  method 
perfected  by  Hellriegel.  Among  the  problems  studied,  that  relating 
to  the  source  of  nitrogen  for  leguminous  plants  is  one  of  the  most 
important.  It  was  through  the  investigations  of  Hellriegel  and  Wil- 
farth  at  this  station  that  the  relation  between  root-tubercle  bacteria 
and  the  fixation  of  nitrogen  was  discovered.  The  investigation  of 
fertilizers  has  also  been  an  important  line  of  work. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bonn,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Five  members  elected  from  the  Agricultural 
Society  of  the  Rhine  Province  and  the  director  of  the  station. 

Station  staff.—  Dr.  E.  Herfeldt.  Dir.;  Drs.  F.  Kretchmer  and  H. 
Hecker.  Chiefs  of  Die;  four  assistants;  two  laboratory  assistants; 
two  clerks:  four  to  six  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1856  by  the  Agricultural  Society  of  the  Rhine 
Province,  and  since  1898  has  included  three  divisions:  (1)  Division  for 
testing  manures  and  soils.  (2)  division  of  fertilizers  and  seeds,  and  (3) 
division  for  testing  milk  and  dairy  product-. 

Equipment. — For  laboratory  work  the  station  has  seven  rooms  on 
the  ground  floor  and  three  in  wings  of  the  Agricultural  Academy 
building:  for  held  experiments  it  has  the  use  of  several  fields  in 
different  localities. 

Income.—  For  1900,  £11,900  (State.  $1,190;  province,  *7U:  fees. 
$9,996). 

Lines  of  work. — Scientific  experiments  in  the  interest  of  agriculture 
and  the  investigation  of  plant  diseases.  The  station  is  authorized  to 
train  food  chemists. 

The  Institute  of  Animal  Physiology  of  the  Agricultural  Academy 
( Poppelsdorf Bonn. 

Governing  board.— The,  station  is  placed  under  the  management  of 
the  board  of  control  of  the  Agricultural  Academy. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Oscar  Hagemann,  Dir. :  Prof .  Wohltmann.  Dir. 
Krj>t.  Field;  Drs.  Dambmann  and  Elias  and  J.  Huth.  Assts. 

< >ri<ji n. — Founded  in  1856  by  the  State  for  chemical  and  horticul- 
tural work:  since  1894  devoted  entirely  to  investigations  in  animal 
physiology. 


112  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment. — Stables  and  laboratories  for  experiments  in  metab- 
olism, animal  chemistry,  and  physiology ;  experiment  field  and  labora- 
tory.   A  respiration  calorimeter  is  being  constructed. 

Income.— For  1900,  State  appropriation  of  $1,618.40,  of  which  $35.70 
was  for  the  circulating  library  and  $714  for  the  experiment  held. 

Lines  of  work. — While  the  work  of  the  institute  proper  is  concerned 
with  animal  phvsiology  only,  there  is  an  experiment  field  having  its 
own  laboratory  and  director,  where  vegetation  experiments  are  car- 
ried on. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Academy  (Poppels- 

dorf),  Bonn. 

G-ovt  rning  board.- — Under  the  administration  of  the  academy. 
Station  staff . — Prof.  F.  Kreusler,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 
Origin. — Established  in  1856  by  the  State. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  for  agricultural  research  and  experiment 
field. 

Income. — About  $270  from  the  State,  not  including  salaries. 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical  investigations  including  the  analysis  of 
soils,  fertilizers,  agricultural  products,  etc.;  investigations  in  the  res- 
piration of  plants  and  in  processes  of  decomposition  hy  fermentation 
and  putrefaction;  studies  in  connection  with  nitrification;  and  field 
experiments. 

Moor  Experiment  Station,  Bremen,  Bremen. 

Governing  board. — Prussian  Central  Commission  on  Moor  Affairs; 
Dr.  M.  Fleischer,  Chair.,  Berlin. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Br.  Tacke,  Dir.;  Dr.  A.  Salfeld,  Culture 
Expert  at  Lingen;  Dr.  H.  Immendorff,  Lab.  Dir.;  Dr.  C.Weber, 
Lot.;  Drs.  Winsessen,  von  Vogel,  and  Arutz,  and  Budy,  Plenske,  and 
Bultemann,  Assts.  Cheni.;  Menkhaus,  Schmitz,  Schiirmann,  Pract. 
Educated  Farmers;  two  secretaries;  one  house  master;  three  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1877  by  the  Prussian  Central  Commission  on 
Moor  Affairs. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  building  erected  by  the  Bremen  authori- 
ties: equipment  furnished  by  the  Prussian  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $16,029.30  (Prussian  State,  $13,280.40;  Bremen 
Agricultural  Society,  $95.20;  fees,  $2,653.70). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  on  moor  soils  in  their  relation  to 
plant  growth,  changes  produced  in  them  by  standardized  reagents  and 
by  drying  at  high  and  low  temperatures,  their  content  of  free  ulmic 
acid,  their  content  of  plant  food  under  various  conditions  determined 
by  means  of  accurate  field  experiments;  analytical  determination  of 
the  changes  produced  in  high  moor  fields  and  meadows  by  cultivation 
and  manuring;  the  value  of  turf  as  a  conservator  of  heat;  microscopic 
botanical  investigation  of  the  origin  and  composition  of  various  moor 
soils. 


GERMANY. 


113 


Seed  Control  Station  of  the  Agricultural  School,  Bremervorde,  Prussia. 

Governing  board. — Under  the  control  of  the  Agricultural  School. 
Stat  inn  staff. — Carl  Gerdess,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1876  by  the  Provincial  Agricultural  Society  of 
Stade. 

Income. — Fees  for  analysis  of  seeds. 
Lines  ofwo?'k. — Seed  control. 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Matthias 
Place  6,  Breslau,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Prof.  F.  Pax,  Sec./  Dr.  V.  Kutzleb,  Breslau/ 
Von  Nitzschwitz,  Polnischdorf;  Von  Wallenberg-Pachaly,  Schmolz. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  W.  Remer,  Dir./  J.  Schleussner,  Asst. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  Breslau  Agricultural  Society. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,165.80  (Breslau  Agricultural  Society,  $288; 
seed  testing,  $1,927.80). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing  and  seed  control. 

Agricultural  Experiment  and  Control  Station,  Matthias  Place  6,  Breslau. 

Governing  board. — A  chemist  of  the  University  of  Breslau;  two 
practical  farmers;  the  general  secretary  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture; 
and  the  director  of  the  station. 

Station  staff— Prof.  B.  Schulze,  Dir.;  Drs.  H.  Neubauer,  V.  Dir. 
ami  Chief  Div.  Micros./  Dr.  V.  Schenke,  Chief  Dir.  Chem./  Dr. 
Barisch.  Chief  Div.  Milk  Control;  Drs.  Mosschatos  and  Bartsch,  R. 
Quasig,  R.  Frese,  H.  Winkler,  Assts./  Dr.  Wellman,  In  Charge  of 
Veg.  St<r. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1856  by  the  Agricultural  Central  Society  of 
Silesia,  at  Ida-Marienhutte;  removed  to  Breslau  in  1877;  in  1887,  the 
branch  station  at  Rosenthal  was  established. 

Equipment. — A  well-equipped  laboratory  in  Breslau  and  a  branch 
vegetation  station  in  the  Rosenthal  suburb  where  are  farm  buildings 
and  nearly  80  acres  devoted  to  experiments. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $10,519.60  (State,  $1,820.70;  fees,  $8,698.90). 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  the  nutrition  of  animals  and  plants; 
control  of  fertilizers  and  feeding  stuffs;  the  training  of  food  chemists; 
soil  investigations,  variety  tests,  and  other  experiments  with  field 
crops. 

Agricultural  Chemical  and  Bacteriological  Institute  of  the  University, 

Breslau. 

Govt  rning  board.— Under  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.— Prof.  Th.  Pfeiffer,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 
Origin.—  Founded  in  1869  as  Experiment  Station  for  Animal  Physi- 
22018— No.  112—02  8 


114  EXPEBIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


ology  at  Proskau;  removed  in  1881  to  Breslau;  broadened  in  1898  toi 

its  present  scope. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  experiment  field. 
Income.-^ For  1900,  $628.32  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  animal  physiology,  agriculture, 
chemistry,  and  bacteriology. 

Institute  for  Agricultural  Plant  Production  of  the  University,  Breslau. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Prof.  K.  von  Rumker,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  plant  production  including  green 
manuring,  methods  of  culture,  selection,  etc. 

University  Institute  of  Animal  Chemistry,  Breslau. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Staff.— Prof.  H.  Weiske,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Nutrition  investigations,  digestion  experiments, 
and  chemical  investigation  of  feeding  stuffs. 

Experiment  Station,  Brunswick. 

Governing  hoard. — President  of  the  Brunswick  Agricultural  Central 
Society  for  Chemical  Technology  {Chair.),  six  members  of  the  cen- 
tral committee,  the  general  secretary,  and  the  director  of  the  station. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Hugo  Schultze,  Dir.;  Drs.  Goltschke  and  Gun- 
ther,  Assts.;  one  clerk;  three  laboratory  assistants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1862  by  the  then  Society  for  Agriculture  and 
Foresty  which  is  now  the  Agricultural  Central  Society  for  Chemical 
Technology. 

Income.— For  1900,  $5,185.90  (State,  $2,142;  society,  $142.80;  volun- 
tary contributions,  $559.30;  fees,  $2,475.20;  miscellaneous,  $166.60). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding 
stuffs,  seeds,  foods,  and  condiments;  fertilizer  experiments. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Colmar,  Alsace-Lorraine. 

Station  staff.- — Prof.  Paul  Kulisch,  Dir.;  Dr.  Heinze,  Schaeffer, 
Kriinker,  Schorer,  Assts.;  Funolius,  Tech.;  one  helper. 

Origin. — Founded  hy  the  State  in  1874  at  Rusach;  removed  in  1896 
to  Colmar. 

Equipment, — Laboratory  and  apparatus  for  exact  fertilizer  experi- 
ments jit  Colmar,  experiment  field  at  Rusach. 

Income.  For  1900,  $8,163.40  (State,  $6,283.20;  fees  and  miscellane- 
ous, $1,880.20). 

Lines  of  work. — Agricultural  investigations  and  experiments,  espe- 
cially  in  the  production  of  wine,  hops,  and  tobacco;  investigations  in 


GERMANY. 


115 


plant  physiology,  bacteriology,  and  pure  yeast  cultures:  control  of 
fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  seeds,  foods,  and  condiments;  training  of 
food  chemists. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Dahme,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Board  of  directors  of  the  Provincial  Ministry  of 
Agriculture. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  R.  Ulbrecht,  Dir. :  Dr.  0.  Forster,  Asst.  Chem.; 
Dr.  G.  Meissner,  Asst.  Chem.;  Dr.  G.  Xeuweiler.  Asst.  Bot. 

Origin. — Opened  in  1857  by  an  agricultural  union  of  the  Jiiterbog- 
Luckenwalder  Circle;  came  under  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Agri- 
culture in  1896. 

Equipment. — Two  vegetation  houses  equipped  with  pots  for  indoor 
experiments,  and  an  experimental  garden. 

Income. — For  1900,  *4,631.48  (State,  $2,427.60;  provincial  society, 
$285.60;  fees,  $1,904;  miscellaneous,  $14.1^). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  seeds,  etc.; 
pot  and  field  experiments  with  various  fertilizers,  leguminous  plants 
to  determine  fixation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen,  plants  for  green  manur- 
ing, and  varieties  of  potatoes  and  maize;  feeding  experiments  and  dairy 
experiments. 

Agricultural  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Danzig,  Prussia. 

Gov<  mi i>< i  hoard, — (Vacant). 

Station  staff. — Dr.  M.  Schmoger,  Dir.;  Drs.  von  Wissell  and  Von 
Wiilknitz,  Assts.;  two  helpers. 

Origin.— Founded  in  1877  by  the  Agricultural  Central  Society  of 
West  Prussia. 

Incoine.—Yov  1900,  $4,783.80  (State,  $1,975.40;  province,  $1,023.40; 
West  Prussian  Agricultural  Ministry.  £23*;  fees.  £1.547). 
Lines  of  work. — Seed  control  and  scientific  investigations. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Darmstadt,  Hesse. 

Governing  hoard. — Two  representatives  from  each  of  the  three  agri- 
cultural societies  of  the  duchy,  and  one  representative  from  the  Gov- 
ernment—  Economic  Counsellor  Mutter. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  P.  Wagner,  Dir.;  Dr.  R.  Dorsch,  V.  Dir. 
a  ml  Asst.  Chem.;  Fr.  Aschoff,  Drs.  Theodor  and  Gilbert,  Peters, 
Assts.  el,,, Dr.  Ruths.  Asst.  Agr.;  Metzger,  Bookkeepi  r;  Kadel, 
Sten.;  Korbacher,  Steward;  Leibner,  Gard.;  Lang,  Lai).  Asst.; 
Recke,  Haas,  Barth,  Office  Helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1871  by  the  ducal  government  cooperating  with 
some  of  the  leading  farmers  of  the  duchy;  reorganized  in  1S74,  and 
removed  in  1877  to  the  new  buildings  erected  for  its  accommodation. 


116 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment. — A  laboratory  building,  which  is  also  the  director's 
residence;  greenhouse;  several  sheds;  and  two  experiment  gardens. 
The  laboratory  building  contains  a  large  laboratory  room,  library, 
director's  private  study,  and  other  rooms.  The  station  is  especially 
equipped  for  the  Wagner  method  of  pot  experiments. 

Income.— For  1900,  112,852  (State,  $4,998;  fees,  17,854). 

Lines  of  work. — Laboratory  investigations  in  agricultural  chemistry; 
pot  and  field  experiments  to  determine  the  relative  value  of  various 
commercial  fertilizers,  green  manures,  and  barnyard  manures;  the 
causes  of  losses  and  of  the  incomplete  utilization  of  nitrogen  in  barn- 
yard manures;  the  utilization  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid,  and  potash 
by  cereals  and  legumes;  the  injurions  effects  of  certain  chemicals  on 
commercial  fertilizers;  nutrient  solutions  for  plant  cultures,  and  the 
assimilation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen  by  plants.  The  station  exercises 
control  over  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds,  and  has  been  one  of 
the  leading  agencies  in  the  introduction  of  Thomas  slag  as  a  cheap 
source  of  phosphorus  among  the  farmers  in  Germany. 

Dairy  Experiment  Station  of  the  Association  of  Hessian  Agricultural 

Societies,  Darmstadt. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  of  the  Association  of  Hessian  Agri- 
cultural Societies. 

Station  staff.—  Dr.  J.  Uhl,  Dir.;  Dr.  Otto  Weitz,  Asst.;  Ottomar 
Henzold,  Bad.;  and  two  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1893  at  Offenbach-on-the-Main  by  the  Asso- 
ciation of  Hessian  Agricultural  Societies;  removed  in  the  autumn  of 
L900  to  Darmstadt.    In  1899  a  bacteriological  division  was  organized. 

Tncome.— For  1900,  $3,570  (State,  $476;  fees,  $3,094). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  of  milk,  dairy  products,  and  mate- 
rials used  in  dairying;  also  of  pure  cultures  for  ripening  cream  and 
curing  cheese. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Dbbeln,  Saxony. 

( rovt  rn  ing  hoard.  — Under  the  control  of  the  Agricultural  High  School 
at  Dobeln,  from  which  it  receives  part  of  its  support. 
Station  staff.    Prof.  W.  Wolf,  Dir. 

Origin.    Founded  in  1872  by  the  government  of  Saxony. 

Equipment.— &  new  laboratory  completed  in  1900. 

Income.  For  L900,  $142.80  (not  including  salaries  and  funds  for 
building)  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work.  Investigation  of  feeding  stuffs,  milk,  etc.,  and  of 
the  physics  and  chemistry  of  fertilizers  and  soils. 


GERMANY. 


117 


Chemical  and  Physiological  Experiment  Station  of  the  Veterinary  High 
School,  Dresden,  Saxony. 

Governing  board. — The  Royal  Veterinary  Commission. 
Station  stuff. — Prof.  Ellenberger,  Dir.;  Dr.  M.  Klimmer,  CKem. 
Origin. — Founded  in  186^  and  reorganized  in  1876  by  the  State. 
Equipment. — Uses  the  laboratory  and  equipment  of  the  Veterinary 
High  Sehool. 

Income. — For  1900,  $833  (not  including*  salaries)  from  the  State. 
Lines  of  work. — Chemical  and  physiological  investigations  with 
domestic  animals. 

Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Culture  at  the  Botanical  Garden,  Dresden. 

Governing  board. — One  government  representative  and  eight  mem- 
bers who  represent:  The  Royal  Agricultural  Commission  of  Saxony. 
District  Agricultural  Society  of  Dresden.  Tharand  Forestry  Academy, 
horticulture,  and  the  Tharand  and  Dresden  stations  themselves,  which 
are  under  the  same  governing  board. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  O.  Drude,  Dir.;  Dr.  B.  Steglich,  Agr.; 
Ledien.  Gard.  Insp. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890  by  the  State. 

Equipment.  -Vegetation  house,  hothouses,  hotbeds,  botanical  gar- 
den covering  about  -H  acres,  vegetable  garden,  and  orchard. 

In<u>m>.     For  L900,  about  $2,856  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. —  Cultural  field  experiments  to  test  methods  of  cul- 
ture and  varieties  of  farm  crops;  investigations  in  pomology,  clima- 
tology, and  vegetable  pathology;  analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers 
and  feeding  stuffs. 

Control  Station  for  Fertilizers,  Feeding  Stuffs,  Foods,  and  Seeds,  Ebstorf, 

Prussia. 

Govt  rning  board. — (Vacant). 
Station  staff.  -Dr.  F.  Bente,  Dir. 

Origin.—  Founded  in  1871  as  a  seed  control  station  by  the  Li'meburg 
Provincial  Agricultural  and  Forestry  Society.  In  188J  the  control  of 
fertilizers  and  feeding  stuffs  was  added  to  the  work  of  the  station. 

Income— For  1900,  $51.74. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs, 
foods,  and  seeds. 

Control  Station,  Eldena,  Prussia. 

Governing  board. — Board  of  Control:  Von  Loesewitz,  Von  Below, 
Von  Wolfradt,  Dietrich. 

Station  staff. — Arn.  von  Homey er.  Dir. 


118  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Origin. — Founded  in  1878  by  the  Baltic  Central  Society. 

Income.— For  1900.  $1,071  (Agricultural  Ministry,  $119;  fees, 
$880.60;  miscellaneous,  $71.10). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and 
seeds;  and  other  work  in  the  interest  of  agriculture. 

School  for  Pomology  and  Agricultural  Winter  School,  Friedberg*,  Hesse. 

Staff. —  Dr.  von  Peter.  Dir.;  Karl  Reichert,  Bot. 

Equipment. — Building  containing  chemical  and  physiological  labo- 
ratories, office  of  director,  library,  fruit  and  wine  cellars,  workrooms, 
etc.:  and  an  orchard. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  the  production  and  utilization  of 
fruits,  and  investigation  of  orchard  pests  and  diseases. 

Dairy  Experiment  Station  of  the  Dairy  School,  Fulda,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Chairman  of  the  Dairy  Association,  general  sec- 
retary of  the  Cassel  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  one  representative  of  the 
government  of  Cassel.  one  representative  of  the  constitutional  estate 
and  town  of  Fulda. 

Station  staff. — Rud.  Backhaus.  Dir.;  Dr.  Krueger,  Lao.  Dir.;  two 
laboratory  assistants. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Cassel  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Large  chemical  and  bacteriological  laboratory,  modern 
dairy  equipment,  and  cheese-making  machinery. 

Income. — For  1900,  $3,046.40  from  the  Cassel  Department  of  Agri- 
culture and  the  Prussian  Government. 

Lines  of  work. — The  station  is  connected  with  the  dairy  school  at 
Fulda,  and  investigates  dairy  problems  for  the  school.  About  20.000 
pounds  of  milk  are  used  daily. 

Experiment  Station  for  Pomology,  Viticulture,  and  Gardening-,  Geisenheim- 

on-the-Rhine,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Royal  Prussian  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Dr.  Fr. 
Muiler. 

Station  staff. — R.  Goethe,  Dir.  of  Institute. 

Origin. — The  institute  with  which  the  station  is  connected  was 
founded  in  1872  by  the  Royal  Prussian  Ministry  of  Agriculture.  In 
addition  to  the  investigations  carried  on  in  connection  with  the  tech- 
nical instruction  at  the  institute,  more  or  less  independent  experiments 
are  carried  on  by  the  experiment  station,  which  comprises  two  divi- 
sions, as  follows: 

Division  for  Pomology,  Viticulture,  and  Fermentation  Investigations. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  J.  Wortmann,  Dir.;  Dr.  R.  Meissner,  and  K. 
Feehner,  Assts. 


GERMANY. 


119 


Equipment.—  Laboratory  building  and  apparatus  used  by  both  the 
institute  and  the  experiment  station. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,749.30  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  fruit  culture,  viticulture,  wine 
production,  pure  yeast  cultures,  and  other  related  subjects;  also  in 
plant  diseases. 

Division  of  Applied  Chemistry. 

Station  staff. — R.  Windisch,  Dir.;  Behme,  Dr.  Roeling,  Assts.; 
gardener;  clerk;  and  laboratory  assistant. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  in  a  wing  of  the  wine-press  house  of  the 
institute. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $2,199  (State,  $2,039.66;  fees,  $459.34). 
Lines  of  work. — Chemical  investigations  with  special  reference  to 
wine  production. 

Animal  Physiological  Experiment  Station,  Gottingen,  Prussia. 

Govern  ing  board. — A  commission  consisting  of  three  members  of  the 
Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  the  Province  of  Hanover:  Jahns,  Wie- 
hrechts/iausen;  Beseler,  Weende;  Prof.  F.  Lehmann,  Gottingen. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  F.  Lehmann,  Dir.;  Drs.  Biilow  and  Lipczynski, 
Assts. 

Origin. — Established  at  Celle  in  1852  by  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  of  Hanover;  removed  to  Weende  in  1857  and  placed  in  charge 
of  W.  Henneberg;  removed  to  Gottingen  in  1874. 

Equipment. — Half  of  the  first  story  of  the  main  building  of  the 
Agricultural  Institute,  with  laboratories,  stables  for  cattle,  sheep,  and 
swine,  Pettenkofer  respiration  apparatus. 

Income— For  1900,  $6,188  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  animal  nutrition,  especially  feeding 
and  digestion  experiments  with  milch  cows  and  fattening  sheep. 
Henneberg's  work  at  Weende  in  studying  the  laws  of  the  nutrition  of 
ruminants  is  classic,  and  forms  the  basis  of  our  present  knowledge  of 
the  subject.  The  Weende  methods  of  fodder  analysis  is  another 
important  contribution  to  science. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Agricultural  Institute  of  the  University, 

Gottingen. 

Governing  board. — Curator  of  the  university. 

Station  *f<ff. — Prof.  C.  von  Seelhorst,  Dir.;  Drs.  Wilms  and  Georgs, 
Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1872  by  the  State;  made  independent  of  the 
physiologic;!  1  station  in  1900. 

Equipment. — Experiment  field  of  about  15  acres;  vegetation  house 
with  workroom  and  capacity  for  about  600  pots  on  movable  trucks; 
and  chemical  laboratory. 


120  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Jncoim  .—For  1901,  not  including  salaries,  14,370.87  from  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Instruction. 

Lines  of  work. — Field  experiments  with  fodder  plants,  cereals, 
potatoes,  sugar  beets,  and  other  field  crops  to  determine  fertilizer  j 
requirements,  methods  of  culture,  etc.;  pot  experiments  to  supple-  I 
ment  the  field  trials;  and  laboratory  investigations,  including  the 
chemical  analysis  of  crops,  soils,  fertilizers,  etc.,  and  considerable 
original  research  work. 

Control  Station  for  Fertilizers,  Feeding  Stuffs,  and  Seeds,  Gottingen. 

Governing  hoard. — President  of  the  General  Agricultural  Society 
of  Gottingen;  Jahns,  Wiebrechtshausen ;  Dr.  Frhr.  Grote,  Juhnde; 
director  of  the  Agricultural  Institute  of  Gottingen;  Prof.  W.  Fleisch- 
mann,  Gottingen. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  G.  Kalb,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1876  by  the  General  Agricultural  Society  of 
Gottingen. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,612.20  (General  Agricultural  Society,  $214.20; 
fees,  $1,428). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  investigation  of  fertilizers,  feeding 
stuffs,  seeds,  and  foods. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture, 
Halle-on-the-Salle,  Prussia. 

Governing  board. — Board  of  Agriculture — Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means:  Von  Zingenthal  (Chair.),  Von  Werder,  Weschi . 

Station  .staff. — Dr.  W.  Schneidewind,  Dir.;  L.  Biihring,  V.  Dir. 
and  Chief  Dir.  Fert.  and  Feeding  Stuffs;  Dr.  Steffeck,  Chief  Div. 
Dot.;  Dr.  Neumann,  Chief  Div.  Dairying;  Dr.  Cluss,  Chief  Div. 
Industries  Belated  to  Agr.;  Dr.  Kriiger,  Chief  Div.  Bad.;  Dr.  H.  C. 
Mi'iller,  Chief  Div.  Soil  Invest.;  Koehler,  Accountant*  and  Lihr.; 
Schlosser,  Stem;  Kriiger,  Office  Sec;  Wolf,  Sec. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1855  on  a  farm  at  Gross-Gmehlen;  removed  to 
Salzmundi  in  1859,  and  again  to  Halle  in  1865.  In  1890  a  branch 
vegetation  station  was  established  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city,  and  in 
1896  a  branch  station  for  field  experiments  and  cattle  feeding  was 
established  at  Lauchstadt,  8  miles  southwest  of  Halle.  The  three 
stations  are  under  the  same  director. 

Equipment. — At  the  main  station,  a  laboratory  thoroughly  equipped 
\\  ith  scientific  apparatus  for  work  in  chemistry,  botany,  and  investiga- 
tions in  I  lie  manufacture  of  alcoholic  liquors;  at  the  vegetation  station, 
a  glass  vegetation  house,  workroom,  and  storeroom,  and  experiment 
field  containing  about  2£  acres  of  land;  at  Lauchstadt,  an  experiment 
field  containing  123|  acres,  meadow  containing  12£  acres,  dwellings, 
stables,  and  other  buildings. 


GERMANY. 


121 


Income.—  For  1900,  $30,107  (State,  for  Halle,  $6,426;  for  Lauchstadt, 
$4,760;  and  fees,  $18,921). 

Lines  of  work. — At  the  main  station,  analysis  of  fertilizers,  feeding 
stuffs,  seeds,  soils,  and  dairy  products;  testing-  of  the  milling  and 
baking  properties  of  varieties  of  wheat;  distillery  investigations.  At 
the  vegetation  station,  pot  and  field  experiments  in  plant  nutrition  and 
to  determine  the  value  of  varieties  of  sugar  beets  and  cereals.  At 
Lauchstadt,  held  experiments  to  determine  the  value  of  varieties  and 
of  various  fertilizers;  investigations  in  stock  feeding,  in  the  produc- 
i  tion  and  preservation  of  stable  manures,  and  in  the  efficacy  of  green 
manures. 

Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Protection,  Halle-on-the-Salle. 

Governing  hoard. — Prof.  J.  Kiihn,  Halle;  Von  Mendel,  Steinfels; 
Dr.  L.  Kuntze,  Delitzsch;  G.  Wesche,  Raudnitz. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  M.  Hollrung,  Dir.;  one  assistant;  two  secre- 
taries; one  helper. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890,  and  in  1897  brought  under  the  control  of 
the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  the  Province  of  Saxony. 

Income.— For  1900,  $3,070.20  (State,  $737.80;  Ministry  of  Agricul- 
ture, $952;  Society  of  German  Sugar  Industry,  $952;  branch  societies, 
$428.40). 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  combating  diseases  and  enemies  of 
field  crops,  especially  of  sugar  beets. 

j  Physiological  Laboratory,  Experiment  Field,  and  Park  for  Domestic  Ani- 
mals of  the  Agricultural  Institute  of  the  University,  Halle-on-the-Salle. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  J.  Kiihn,  Dir.;  Prof.  F.  Albert,  Chief  Div.  of 
■  Dairying;  Prof.  G.  Baumert,  Chief  Expt.  Lab.;  Dr.  Buhlert,  Lab. 
Asst.;  Dr.  Bode,  Asst.  Chem.;  Dr.  F.  Falke,  Expt;  R.  Mentzel, 
Admin,  of  Krj>f.  Field  and  Park  for  Domestic  Animals;  W.  Peters, 
Overseer  of  Lark  for  Domestic  Animals;  C.  Schoenemann,  Form  ,  of 
Expt.  Field. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1803  in  connection  with  the  Agricultural  Insti- 
tute of  the  University  of  Halle. 

Equipment.—* Experiment  fields,  park,  agricultural  and  physio- 
logical laboratories,  vegetation  house,  and  the  laboratories  of  the 
institute. 

Income. — For  1890,  a  subsidy  of  $285.60  and  other  necessary  funds 
from  the  Agricultural  Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  animal  and  plant  nutrition  and 
diseases,  including  methods  of  culture,  sugar-beet  diseases  and  culture, 
and  green  manuring;  determination  of  feeding  standards;  cattle  breed- 
ing and  experiments  to  determine  losses  of  nitrogen  in  manures. 


122  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Station,  Hamburg-. 

Governing  board. — Committee  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.— Dr.  Oscar  Burchard,  Dir. 

Origin. — Organized  in  1891,  and  in  1897  brought  under  the  control 
of  the  Schleswig-Holstein  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  containing  special  apparatus  for  testing 
seeds  and  flours,  and  an  experiment  field. 

Income—  For  1900,  $711  (Ministry  of  Agriculture,  $178.50;  fees, 
$535.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Vegetation  and  tillage  experiments;  seed  testing; 
microscopic  investigation  of  feeding  stuffs,  botanical  articles  of 
commerce,  etc. 

Botanical  Museum  and  Laboratory  for  Commercial  Products,  Hamburg-. 

Stat wn  staff. — Prof.  Sadebeck,  Dir. 

The  museum  includes  two  divisions  devoted  to  the  investigation  of 
commercial  seeds  and  plants:  (1)  Division  for  seed  control,  founded 
in  1891,  Dr.  A.  Voigt,  Dir.;  income  for  1900,  $901.10.  (2)  Division 
for  plant  protection,  founded  by  the  State  in  1898,  Dr.  C.  Brick,  Dir.; 
income  for  1900,  $595.  This  division  controls  the  importation  of  live 
plants  from  foreign  countries,  investigates  means  of  repression  in  the 
case  of  outbreaks  of  plant  diseases,  and  exercises  control  over  the 
grape  nurseries,  vineyards,  and  orchards  in  the  region. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  for  the  Study  of  Plant  Growth, 
Hamburg-Horn. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  M.  Ullmann,  Dir.  andAgr.;  Dr.  Grimm,  Chem.; 
Dr.  H.  Schmidt,  Asst.  Chem.;  two  laboratory  helpers;  one  gardener; 
in  the  experimental  work,  two  stewards,  twelve  agricultural  students. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  Society  of  German  Fertilizer  Manu- 
facturers. 

Lines  of  work. — -Investigations  in  plant  growth,  especially  of 
various  commercial  fertilizers  in  their  effect  upon  field  crops  and 
meadows. 

Dairy  Experiment  Station,  Hameln,  Prussia. 

Governing  board.— The,  curator  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society 
of  Hanover. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  P.  Vieth,  Dir.;  one  assistant;  two  helpers. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1893  by  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  Celle. 
Income.    For   1900,  $3,165.40    (State,  $2,142;   society,  $380.80; 
fees,  $642.60). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  dairy  problems  for  the  Royal  Agri- 
cultural Society  and  for  private  persons. 


GERMANY. 


123 


Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Hildesheim,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. —  Committee  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  for 
the  Province  of  Hanover:  Von  Rheden,  Rheden;  Wrede,  Ringelheim; 
Dr.  Frhr.  Grote.  Juhnde;  Fr.  von  Busche,  ffimnefeld. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Carl  Aumann,  Dir.;  Drs.  Wehner  and  Sund- 
!  macher,  and  R.  Reinmann.  Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1870  by  the  General  Agricultural  and  Forestry 
Society  of  Hildesheim;  from  L8T8-1889  under  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  of  Celle;  since  then  under  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  for  the 
-  Province  of  Hanover. 
^     Equipment. — Laboratory  building. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $8,001  (State,  $1,071;  provincial  government, 
$50;  fees,  $b\12tf;  miscellaneous.  $157). 

Lines  of  work.     Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  seeds;  experiments  in  agricultural  technology  and  fertilizers. 
•A  The  station  is  a  public  institution  for  the  investigation  of  foods  and 
condiments. 

Experiment  Stations  of  the  Agricultural  Institute,  Hohenheim, 

Wurttemberg-. 

Governing  hoard,  ruder  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Religion 
and  Public  Instruction. 

Station  staff— Ernst  V.  Strebel,  Dir.  o/Agr.  Inst. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Station:  Prof.  A.  Morgen,  Dir.;  Prof. 
Herman  Sieglin,  V.  Dir.andAgr.;  Dr.  Zielstorff,  Berger, 
Fingerling,  and   Doll,  Chems.;    Igler,  Asst.  in  Okem.; 
W.  Starz.  Sten.;  four  helpers. 
Seed  Testing  Station:  Prof.  O.  Kirchner,  Dir.  and  Bot.; 

Dr.  J.  SVIichalowski,  Asst. 
Station   for  Testing  Agricultural  Implements:   Prof.  Carl 

Fruwirth,  Dir. 
Institute  of  Technology:  Prof.  Paul  Behrend,  Dir. 
Meteorological  Station:  Prof.  Mack.  Dir. 
Origin. — The  Agricultural  Institute  was  founded  in  1847;  the  Agri- 
cultural Chemical  Station,  in  L865;  the  Seed  Testing  Station,  in  1877; 
Station  for  Testing  Agricultural  Implements,  in  L883;  experiments  in 
lairying,   fermentations,  fish  culture,  etc.,  in  connection  with  the 
Institute  of  Technology,  from  1891  to  1894. 

Equipment. — The  station  building,  erected  in  1899  at  a  cost  of 
126,180,  contains  11  workrooms,  storerooms,  and  apartments  for  the 
director  and  his  servant.  The  old  building  contains  2  workrooms  and 
ipartments  for  3  chemists.  There  are  also  stables  containing  feeding- 
stalls,  dairy  buildings,  an  experimental  brewery,  an  implement  hall,  a 
glass  vegetation  house  containing  tracks  and  18  cars  in  which  some 


124 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


400  zinc  pots  used  in  vegetation  experiments  are  moved  about,  a  lysim- 
eter,  experiment  fields  covering  18  acres,  reservoirs,  meteorological 
and  other  apparatus,  etc. 

Znco?rw.—For  1900:  Agricultural  Chemical  Station,  $6,223.70  f rod 
the  State:  Seed  Testing  Station,  $1,400. 

Lines  of  work. — The  work  of  the  Agricultural  Chemical  Station 
includes  pot  and  Held  experiments  in  plant  growth  and  plant  nutrition, 
experiments  in  animal  nutrition,  analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers  and 
feeding  stuffs,  investigation  of  diseases  of  plants  and  animals,  investi- 
gation of  soils;  the  Seed  Testing  Station — test  and  control  of  seeds, 
variety  tests,  etc.;  the  Station  for  Testing  Agricultural  Implements — 
dynamometric  and  other  tests  of  harvesters,  mowing  machines,  and 
all  kinds  of  farm  machinery  and  implements;  Institute  of  Technology — 
investigation  of  milk  and  dairy  products,  growing  of  pure  cultures  of 
yeasts,  and  investigations  in  wine  production  and  in  the  breeding  of 
fish,  poultry,  and  farm  animals. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Insterburg-,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  appointed  by  the  Provincial  Agri- 
cultural Central  Society. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  W.  Hoff'meister.  Dir.;  Dr.  H.  Sinnhold  and 
Miss  Schulemann,  Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1858  by  the  Agricultural  Central  Society  of 
Lithuania  and  Atazoria. 

Income.— For  1900,  $3,498  (State,  $1,071;  province,  $238;  Agri- 
cultural Central  Society,  $285;  fees.  $1,904). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  plant  physiology;  control  of  ferti- 
lizers, seeds,  foods,  and  condiments 

Agricultural  Experiment  and  Control  Station  of  the  University,  Jena, 

Saxe-Weimar. 

Govern! rig  hoard. — Prof.  H.  Settegast,  Dir.  of  Agr.  Inst,  of  the 
Uui lurxity  (f  Jena. 

Station  staff. — I.  Division  of  Chemistry;  ,  Chief;  Drs. 

L.  Lemmermann  and  C.Wallnitz.  K.  Riecke.  .4^./  two  helpers.  II. 
Division  of  Agriculture:  Prof.  Edler,  Chief;  Geerkens,  Asst.  III. 
Division  of  Animal  Physiology:  Dr.  Kunnemann,  Chief 

Origin. —  Founded  in  1861  by  the  State. 

h'</'nj>nn  ,,t. — The  station  makes  use  of  the  institute  laboratories  and 
an  experiment  Held  of  1£  acres. 

Income.— ^or  L900,  about  $3,808  ($1,416.10  from  Weimar.  Alten- 
burg,  Weiningen.  and  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen;  receipts  from 
experiments  and  control  work  about  $2,391). 

Lines  of  work.— -Experiments  in  plant  and  animal  nutrition;  inves- 
tigation of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  foods;  seed  control. 


GERMANY. 


125 


'"it 


District  Agricultural  Field  and  Experiment  Station,  Kaiserlautern, 

Bavaria. 


Governing  hoard. — Agricultural  committee  of  the  palatinate. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  Pro  we.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1894  by  the  president  of  the  palatinate. 
Equipment. — Laboratory,  experiment  field  containing  nearly  41 
teres,  farmyard,  and  stables. 
Income. — For  1900,  $ 2,380  from  the  agricultural  committee. 
Lines  of  work. — Field  and  fertilizer  experiments;  investigation  of 
fertilizer  production  and  conservation  and  of  dairy  products. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Kempen-on-the-Rhine, 

Prussia. 

Governing  board. — A  committee  of  the  Rhine  Province  Farmers' 
Society:  W.  Hers  tat  t  (Chair.),  Marsdorf. 

Station  staff.  —  Dr.  Gottfr.  Fassbender,  Dir.;  Jos.  Kern,  M. 
Juncker,  Dr.  A.  Y.  Grevillius,  Assts.;  two  laboratory  assistants;  three 
lerks;  two  helpers. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1883  by  the  Rhine  Province  Farmers'  Society. 
Equipment.—  Chemical  laboratory  and  dairy  laboratory,  the  latter 
arected  in  1896. 

Income,—  For  1900,  $7,806.40  (province,  $714;  fees,  $6,932.94;  mis- 
cellaneous, $159.46). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  farm  products,  fertilizers,  feeding 
stuffs,  seeds,  etc.;  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds;  and 
dairy  investigations. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  the 
Province  Schleswig-Holstein,  Kiel,  Prussia. 

This  station  was  founded  in  1870  by  the  Schleswig-Holstein  Agri- 
cultural Central  Society,  and  reorganized  and  broadened  in  1877  to 
include  three  divisions,  each  with  an  independent  staff.  For  the  sup- 
port of  these  divisions  the  State  appropriates  $2,142,  but  each  division 
also  receives  fees  for  analyses. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Division. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  A.  Emnierling,  Dir.;  Drs.  H.  Wehnert,  C. 
Naumann,  W.  von  Westphalen,  and  L.  Frank,  Assts. 

Equipment. — A  chemical  laboratory  containing  apparatus  for  experi- 
mental and  control  work. 

Income. — For  1900,  a  share  of  the  $2,142  appropriated  by  the  State, 
and  about  $2,963  in  fees. 

Lines  of  work. — Field  experiments,  investigations  in  plant  growth 
and  agricultural  chemistry,  analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers  and 
feeding  stuffs. 


126 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Dairy  Division. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  H.  Weigmann,  Dir.;  J.  Nissius,  V.Dir.;  Dr. 
Pegoua,  Chem.;  Dr.  Gruber,  Bad.;  Dr.  Lauderwald.  Asst.;  O.  Linde- 
mann,  Form,  of  Dairy. 

Equipment. — Two  laboratories,  one  a  modern  dairy  building  with 
cheese  rooms;  experiment  barn  for  ten  cows.  The  station  uses  about 
2,000  pounds  of  milk  per  da}'. 

Income. — For  1900,  a  share  of  the  ^2,112  appropriated  by  the  State, 
and  fees  amounting  to  about  $5 To. 

Lines  of  work. — The  work  of  the  dairy  division  is  divided  into  two 
parts:  (1)  Chemical  and  bacteriological  investigations;  (2)  investiga- 
tions and  control  of  dairy  products  and  instruction  in  dairying. 

Feeding  Stuffs  Division. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  C.  Reese,  Dir.;  Dr.  Ruppin,  V.Dir.;  Fr.  Freist, 
Chem.;  W.  Stengel,  Chem.;  Dr.  GL  Ritzmann,  Asst. 

Income. — For  1900,  a  share  of  the  $2,142  appropriated  by  the  State, 
and  fees  amounting  to  about  $T,T56. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  feeding  stuffs  for  the  chiefs  of 
police  in  the  province,  except  in  Altona,  and  for  other  officers  and 
private  citizens. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Kiel. 

The  station  is  a  private  institution  under  the  control  of  Prof.  H. 
Rodewald,  director  of  the  Agricultural  Institute  of  Christian] 
Albrecht's  University,  who  is  also  director  of  the  station,  and  makes 
use  of  the  apparatus  of  the  institute.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the  well- 
known  Rodewald  apparatus  for  testing  seed  germination. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,261.10  (agricultural  society,  971.40;  fees, 
$1,190). 

Lines  of  work. — Testing  and  control  of  seeds. 
Dairy  Experiment  Station  and  Institute,  Kleinhof-Tapiau,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Kreiss,  Konigsberg;  Stockel,  Insterburg;  Gluer, 
Gergehnm;  Plehn,  Grujype;  Dohn^Wunlacken;  Dr.  Alex.  Backhaus, 
Konigsberg;  Dr.  K.  Hittcher. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  K.  Hittcher,  Dir.;  Prylewski,  Chem.;  Mor- 
schOck,  Chem.;  J.  Gosch,  Dairyman. 

igin. — Founded  in  1887  by  the  three  agricultural  central  socie- 
ties of  Fast  and  West  Prussia. 

Equipment.  -The  station  possesses  a  modern  daiiT  laboratory,  pro- 
vided with  electric  lights  and  motors  for  running  the  dairy  apparatus. 
It  is  located  on  the  royal  domain,  the  keeper  of  which,  Herr  Amtsrath 
Schrewe,  bas  placed  his  dairy  of  about  1,200  cows  at  the  disposal  of 
tlie  -tat ion  for  experimental  purposes. 


GERMANY.  127 

Tneome. — The  station  is  mainly  self-supporting,  but  receives  aid 
from  the  State,  the  Province  of  East  Prussia,  and  the  agricultural  cor- 
porations of  East  and  West  Prussia. 

Lines  of  work. — Practical  and  experimental  investigation  of  dairy 
problems  including  feeding  experiments  with  dairy  cows;  experi- 
ments in  making  and  curing  cheese;  tests  of  strainers,  separators,  and 
other  dairy  apparatus:  laboratory  investigations  with  pure  cultures, 
ere. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Konigsberg-.  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Reich.  Meyken;  Prof.  Ritthausen;  Kuhn,  Kor- 
nieten;  Kreiss,  Konigsberg;  Magnus.  Holstevn. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  G.  Klien.  Dir.  and  Ch.m.;  Drs.  A.  Kohler. 
Alfred  Lemcke,  and  F.  Munich.  Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1875  by  the  East  Prussian  Agricultural  Cen- 
tral Society. 

Income.— For  1900,  $5,950  (State.  81.190:  province.  S23S:  fees. 
$4,522). 

Lines  qf  work.  —Scientific  investigations  and  control  of  fertilizers, 
feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds. 

Dairy  Laboratory  of  the  University  Agricultural  Institute,  Konig-sberg. 

Governing  board. — Under  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Agricul- 
ture. 

Station  staff.—  Prof.  Alex.  Backhaus,  Dir.;  Dr.  R.  Braun,  Asst.; 
F.  Kromminke,  Steward. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1887.  The  laboratory  supplements  the  work 
of  the  dairy  station  at  Kleinhof-Tapiau. 

Equipment.  —  Laboratory  of  the  Agricultural  Institute.  Milk  is 
procured  from  a  dairy  at  Quadnau. 

Income.— For  1900,  $238. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  animal  physiology  and  dairying. 
Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Koslin,  Prussia. 

Govi  rning  board. — Principal  of  board  of  directors  of  the  Pomeranian 
Economic  Society. 

Station  stuff. — Dr.  P.  Baessler.  Dir.;  Drs.  Wilhelmy  and  Iggena. 
and  Klassert,  Assts.;  Roese,  Moor  Culture. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1863  by  the  Pomeranian  Economic  Society  for 
Plant  Physiology  and  Soil  Problems  at  Regenwalde;  removed  to  Koslin 
in  L893;  in  1898  department  for  moor  culture  added. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $4,852.82  (State,  $1, 23  7.(50;  province,  $285.60; 
agricultural  ministry,  $357;  fees,  $2,908.36;  miseellaneous,  $64.26). 

Lines  of  work.  Experiments  in  plant  nutrition,  moor  culture,  and 
with  soils  in  general. 


128 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Institute  of  the  University,  Leipzig-,  Saxony. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Religion  and  Public  Instruction. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Wilhelm  Kirchner,  Dir.  and  Agr.;  Prof.  M. 
Fischer,  Plant  <nt<!  Animal  Breeding;  Prof.  Strecker,  Agrotechny; 
Prof.  W.  Ebers,  Vet.;  other  assistants  and  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1869. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  of  the  university;  breeding  stables  for 
cattle,  sheep,  and  swine;  well  equipped  dairy  building;  plant  garden; 
experimental  field  of  60  acres. 

Lines  of  work. — In  addition  to  the  demonstration  work  in  connec- 
tion with  agricultural  instruction,  various  members  of  the  staff  engage 
more  or  less  in  the  investigation  of  problems  in  plant  breeding,  vege- 
table physiology  and  pathology,  animal  production,  testing  of  agricul- 
tural implements  and  machinery,  and  the  study  of  diseases  of  poultry, 
sheep,  cattle,  and  swine.  The  director  is  author  of  the  Handbook  on 
Dairying,  and  the  veterinarian  has  made  notable  investigations  on 
chicken  cholera,  diphtheria  in  poultry,  tuberculosis,  influence  of  for- 
maldehyde on  animal  diseases,  prevention  of  diseases  by  use  of  acid 
litter,  etc. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Marburg,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  the  District  of  Cassel. 

Station  staff.— Yvof.  T.  Dietrich,  Dir.;  Dr.  C,  Schulze,  Bad.;  Dr. 
A.  Hebebrand,  Drs.  F.  Mach,  W.  Futterer,  L.  Hartmann,  Frz.  Non- 
camp,  and  E.  Haass,  Fr.  Gossel,  Ad.  Fingerling,  P.  Waldschmidt, 
H.  Kraut,  Assts.;  helpers  and  clerks. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  the  District  of 
Cassel  in  1859,  at  Altmarschen;  removed  to  Marburg  in  1877. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  containing  apparatus  for  chemical,  bacte- 
riological, and  physical  experiments;  and  a  glass  vegetation  house. 

Income. — For  1900,  $11,566.80  (State,  14,141.20;  Ministry  of  Agri- 
culture, $1,547;  communal  government,  $928.20;  fees,  $4,950.40). 

Lines  of  work. — Vegetation  experiments  in  pots  to  determine  the 
fertilizer  needs  of  Hessian  soils;  investigation  of  rock  disintegration 
in  Hesse;  soil  bacteriology;  experiments  to  determine  the  relation  of 
bacteria  to  plant  growth;  official  investigation  of  foods  and  water  for 
the  District  of  Cassel,  and  of  milk  for  dairies;  control  of  fertilizers, 
feeding  stuff's,  and  seeds;  training  of  food  chemists. 

Dairy  Laboratory  of  the  Central  Dairy  Station,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 

Governing  board.—  Count  von  Bassewitz,  Dir.  of  the  Central  Dairy 
Station. 

Station  staff. —  Johs.  Siedel,  Dir.;  Dr.  Hesse,  Asst. 


GERMANY. 


129 


Origin. — Founded  in  1898. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,428  from  the  Stata. 

Lines  of  work. — Dairy  investigations. 

Royal  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Mockern,  Saxony. 

Governing  board. — One  trustee  appointed  by  the  Economic  Society 
of  Leipzig  and  three  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior;  and  the  director. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  O.  Kellner,  Dir.;  Dr.  O.  Bottcher,  V.  Dir.; 
J.  Hazard,  Agr.;  Dr.  F.  Barnstein,  Dot.;  Dr.  A.  Kohler,  Lab.  Dir.; 
Drs.  J.  Volhard,  H.  Frhr.  von  Gillern,  O.  Zahn,  Fr.  Wilke,  G. 
Wicke,  M.  Just,  and  G.  Arndt,  Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1851  by  the  Economic  Society  of  Leipzig  upon 
its  estate  in  Mockern;  brought  under  the  control  of  the  State  in  1879. 

Equipment. — Four  well-equipped  laboratories;  a  vegetation  house 
containing  500  vegetation  pots,  stable  for  experiments  in  animal  nutri- 
tion, Pettenkofer  respiration  apparatus,  Berthelot  calorimeter;  an 
experiment  field. 

Income.—  In  1900,  $14,839.30  (State,  $11,019.40;  endowment,  $595; 
fees,  $2,975;  miscellaneous,  $249.90). 

Lines  of  work. — Feeding,  breeding,  and  respiration  experiments 
with  domestic  animals;  vegetation  experiments;  analysis  of  soils, 
fertilizers,  and  feeding  stuffs;  practical  investigations  for  farmers; 
cooperative  experiments;  studies  in  plant  nutrition. 

Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Munich,  Bavaria. 

Governing  board. — The  director  and  the  principal  of  the  agricultural 
division  of  the  Royal  Technical  High  School;  the  director  of  the  experi- 
ment station;  the  general  secretary  of  agricultural  societies  in  Bavaria; 
three  members  appointed  by  the  ministry  of  education;  eight  farmers. 

Station  staff. —  Prof.  Franz  Soxhlet,  Dir.;  three  assistants;  one  feed- 
ing master;  one  housekeeper. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1857  try  the  general  committee  of  the  agricul- 
tural societies  in  Bavaria  for  animal  and  plant  physiology;  reorgan- 
ized in  1869;  since  1872  a  State  institution  connected  with  the  Royal 
Technical  High  School. 

Equipment. — In  the  autumn  of  1899,  at  a  cost  of  $41,650,  a  labora- 
tory building  was  completed  which  contains  four  large  laboratories, 
three  balance  rooms,  six  small  workrooms,  three  offices,  two  libraries, 
machine  room  equipped  with  electric  motor  power,  experimental  stalls, 
electric  lighting,  steam  heating,  and  other  modern  improvements. 
Two  rooms  for  seed  testing  are  in  an  old  building. 

Income.— For  1900.  $5,474  (State,  $4,046;  fees,  $1,428). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  animal  and  plant  physiology,  and 
control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds, 

22018— No.  112—02  9 


130  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Experiment  Station  for  Agricultural  Physics  and  Physiology,  Munich. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  Royal  Technical  High 
School  in  Munich. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  C.  Kraus,  Dir.;  B.  Krauss,  Asst. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1875  in  connection  with  the  Royal  Technical 
High  School. 

Equipment.—  Laboratory  and  experiment  held. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $1,071  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  agricultural  physics  and  physi- 
ology. 

Station  for  Scientific  Brewing-,  Munich. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  of  the  Society  of  Brewers. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  L.  Aubry,  Dir.;  Dr.  J.  Brand,  V.  Dir.  and  Dir. 
of  Lab.;  Dr.  H.  Will,  A.  Lang,  Chiefs  of  Dim.;  C.  Bleisch,  Tech\ 
Official  for  Business  Revision. 

Origin.—  Founded  in  1874  as  the  Laboratory  for  Brewing;  reorgan- 
ized the  same  year  under  the  management  of  the  Society  of  Brewers. 

Income.- — For  1900,  $15,208.20  (contributions  from  members  of  the 
Society  of  Brewers,  $9,044;  fees,  $6,164.20). 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical  analysis,  constructing  and  testing  new 
apparatus  and  instruments  used  in  scientific  investigations  for  brewers, 
experiments  in  the  brewing  of  beer. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Munster,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Van  Laer;  L.  Waldyer,  Drihurg;  Upmeyer, 
Borgholzhausen;  C.  Hero  Id,  Loevelinkloe;  Dr.  Rentzig,  Marsberg; 
Von  Vogelsang,  Eckendorf;  Dr.  Schleh,  Munster;  Prof.  J.  Konig. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  J.  Konig,  Dir.;  Dr.  E.  Haselhoff,  V.  Dir.,  and 
Chief  Div.  Fert.  and  Soils;  Dr.  A.  Bomer,  Chief  Div.  of  Feeding 
Stuffs;  Dr.  A.  Spieckermann,  Chief  Div.  of  Pract.  Work;  Drs.  C. 
Kerckhoff,a  Klaucke,a  Hasenbaumer,a  P.  Herrmann, a  Katz,  R.  Herr- 
mann,'1 Kohlmann,a  Giinther,  Kiile,  Klappert,  Bocklen,  and  Bremer, 
Assts.;  Kohnsen,  Sec;  Sauer,  Windthausen,  and  Degenhardt,  Clerks; 
four  laboratory  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1871  by  the  Agricultural  Provincial  Society  of 
Westphalia  and  Lippe. 

Equipment. — Large  and  well-equipped  laboratory,  vegetation  house, 
director's  dwelling  and  five  or  six  dwellings  for  employees,  outbuild- 
ings for  storage  and  preparation  of  materials,  masonry  lysimeter,  and 
complete  apparatus  for  meteorological  observations. 

Income.  -For  1900,  $11,783.88  (State,  $1,737.40;  provincial  govern- 
ment, $952;  societies,  $573.58;  fees,  $8,520.40). 


;'  Resigned,  to  take  effect  at  the  end  of  the  year. 


GERMANY. 


131 


Lines  of  work. — Scientific  investigations  in  plant  nutrition,  relation 
of  nitrogen  to  plant  growth,  and  the  effects  of  sewage  from  factories; 
control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  foods,  and  seeds;  bacteriological 
investigations  with  feeding  stuffs,  soils,  and  manures,  and  meteorolog- 
ical observations. 

Experiment  and  Control  Station,  Oldenburg-on-the-Main. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  P.  Petersen.  Dir.,  Dr.  R.  Sehaller,  E.  Moller. 
Assts.;  V.  Vollers.  Expert. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1876  by  the  Oldenburg  Agricultural  Society. 
Lines  of  work. — Control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuff's,  and  seeds. 

Experiment  Station  for  Upper  Lustatia,  Pommritz,  Saxony. 

Govt  rnmg  hoard. — Three  representatives  of  the  constitutional  estates; 
two  of  the  District  Agricultural  Society;  one  of  Upper  Lustatia;  one 
government  commissioner,  and  the  director  of  the  station. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  G.  Loges,  Dir.;  Dr.  K.  Miihle.  M.  Meyer. 
Assts.;  two  laboratory  assistants;  one  clerk. 

Origin. — Established  in  1857  at  Weidlitz;  removed  in  1861  to  a  site 
purchased  at  Pommritz. 

Equipment.  —Stables,  laboratory,  and  experiment  field. 

Income.—  For  1900.  #5.831  (State  &>52;  constitutional  estates, 
$1,094.80;  Bautzen  District  Society.  $214.20;  fees.  $2,737;  miscel- 
laneous. #833). 

Lines  of  work. — Field  and  stall  experiments  in  animal  nutrition; 
field  and  laboratory  experiments  with  plants  and  fertilizers;  dairy  and 
soil  investigations;  control  of  fertilizers  and  feeding  stuffs. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Posen-Jersitz,  Prussia. 

Governing  board. — Trustees  appointed  by  the  minister  of  agriculture 
of  the  Province  of  Posen. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  M.  Gerlach.  Dir.;  Dr.  Jungner,  Boh;  Dr.  Vogel, 
Bach;  Drs.  Passon,  Werner.  Krenz.  Knoetsch.  Baumeister,  and 
Krausz,  Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1877  by  combining  the  experiment  stations  at 
Knschen  and  Bromberg. 

Income.— -For  1900,  $13,066.20  (Ministry  of  Agriculture.  $2,713.20; 
provincial  assembly.  $357;  provincial  ministry  of  agriculture,  $952; 
fees,  $9,044). 

Lines  of  work.  -Investigations  in  animal  nutrition,  plant  growth, 
and  industries  related  to  agriculture;  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding 
btuffs,  and  seeds. 


132  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Dairy  Institute,  Proskau,  Prussia. 

Governing  board. —  Gerlach,  OppeJm;  Dr.  V.  Kutzleb,  Breslau\ 
Wichelhaus,  Nit  wdnik;  and  the  director. 

Station  staff.— Dv.  J.  Klein.  Dir.;  A.  Kirsten,  Dr.  Kohler.  Assts. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1878  by  the  Central  Agricultural  Society  of 
Silesia. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  building,  and  fully  equipped  dairy  in 
which  from  450  to  500  pounds  of  milk  are  daily  manufactured  into 
butter  and  cheese. 

Income.— For  1900,  $2,570.40  (State,  $1,166.20.;  provincial  assembly^ 
$1,404.20). 

Lines  of  work. — Practical  and  experimental  work  in  dairying  and 
cheese  making,  lectures  to  the  public  and  to  societies  on  dairy  subjects. 

Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Physiology,  Proskau. 

Governing  board.  -Connected  with  the  Royal  Pomological  Institute 
at  Proskau  and  under  the  same  managament. 

Station  staff.— Prof .  R.  Stoll,  Dir.;  Dr.  Rud.  Aderhold,  Chief  Div. 
Bot.;  Dr.  R.  Otto,  Chief  Dir.  Chem.;  Dr.  E.  Jack; v.  E.  Fahrenholz, 
Assts.  Ghem.;  one  assistant  botanist. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1873  by  the  State. 

Income. — $1,190  from  the  State,  also  various  sums  for  the  library 
and  sundry  expenditures  from  the  Pomological  Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical  and  physiological  investigations,  espe- 
cially with  fruit  trees  and  garden  plants. 

Experiment  Station,  Rostock,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 

Governing  board. — Bar.  von  Maltzan  (Chair.),  Molsow;  Nolting 
(Pres.  of  the  Patriotic  Society),  Spriehnsen;  Prof.  Geinitz,  Rostock; 
Von  der  Sode,  Frauenmark;  Rettich,  Rostock;  Von  Muller,  Or, 
Lunow;  and  the  director  of  the  station. 

Station  *f<>rf. — Prof.  R.  Heinrich,  Dir.;  Dr.  H.  Gottsch.  Asst.;  Dr. 
F.  Riechen,  Bad.  and  M<rr<>*.;  Drs.  M.  Pitsch.  H.  Zimmermann, 
and  R.  Eherhard,  Assts.;  F.  Kruger,  Methods  of  Culture;  one  secre- 
tly; two  helpers:  one  gardener:  field  master:  and  feeding  master. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1875  through  the  cooperation  of  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  Patriotic  Society. 

Equipment.  —  Vegetation  house,  two  farm  buildings  containing 
experiment  stalls,  and  a  15-acre  experiment  field. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $11,543  (State,  $5,117;  Agricultural  Society. 
*:>42.64;  fees,  $5,628.70;  miscellaneous,  $254.66). 

Lines  of  work. — Plant  physiology,  feeding  experiments,  cultural 
experiments,  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds. 


GERMANY. 


133 


Flax  Culture  Station  of  the  Royal  Prussian  Department  of  Commerce, 
Sorau.  Wiirttemberg. 

Alois  Herzog,  Dir.  and  Ohem. 
Established  in  1900. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Speier.  Bavaria. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  State  control. 

Stat*",,  staff. — Prof.  A.  Halenke.  Dir.;  Drs.  Max  Kling  and  Rob. 
Branes.  AssU.  in  Agr.  Div.;  Drs.  O.  Krug.  Muller,  and  G.  Liehroth. 
As*ts.  in  Food  Div. 

Origin. — The  station  includes  two  divisions:  (1)  The  agricultural 
division,  which  was  established  in  1875  by  the  district  committee  of 
agriculture  of  the  palatinate:  and  (2)  the  division  of  foods  and  condi- 
ments, established  in  1884  by  the  State. 

Equipment* — Laboratories,  which  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  in 
1.902,  are  now  building. 

Income. — For  19<X>:  Budget  $7,603. 50:  total  receipts.  $15,315.67. 

Lhos  of  work, — Investigation  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding 
stuffs,  and  seeds:  experiments  in  plant  physiology:  testing  of  foods 
and  condiments:  expert  testimony  for  the  Government:  itinerant  food 
control. 

Station  for  Plant  Physiology  and  Seed  Control,  Tharand,  Saxony. 

Governing  hoard. — One  government  representative  and  eight  mem- 
bers who  represent:  The  Royal  Saxony  Agricultural  Commission. Dis- 
trict Agricultural  Society  of  Dresden.  Tharand  Forestry  Academy, 
horticulture,  and  the  Tharand  and  Dresden  stations  themselves,  which 
are  under  the  same  governing  board. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  F.  Nobbe,  Dir.;  Dr.  Jos.  Simon.  Plant  Physiol. ; 
Drs.  L.  Richter  and  F.  Brune.  (loin.;  K.  Gebhardt.  Gard.  Form.; 
G.  Vette,  ( lerk;  one  laboratory  assistant. 

Origin. — Organized  in  1869  by  the  Dresden  District  Agricultural 
Society:  brought  under  State  control  in  1875:  division  of  gardening 
added  in  1886.  When  the  Experiment  Station  for  Plant  Culture  at 
Dresden  was  organized  in  1890.  both  stations  were  placed  under  the 
same  governing  board. 

Equipment. — -Chemical  and  physiological  laboratories,  vegetation 
house  equipped  for  water-culture  experiments,  complete  apparatus  for 
seed  testing,  a  large  collection  of  preserved  seeds,  and  a  small  experi- 
mental garden. 

/nrono.  —  Yov  I90n.  $4j>4»;  (State.  $3,094:  Dresden  District  Agri- 
cultural Society.  $71. 40:  fees.  $.ssn.»iu). 

Lines  of  work. — This  station  was  the  first  to  exercise  seed  control, 
a  line  of  work  which  has  been  conducted  at  Tharand  for  more  than 


134  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


thirty  years.  The  station  is  also  noted  for  the  water-culture  method 
of  studying-  plant  nutrition  developed  by  Dr.  Nobbe,  and  for  the  work 
done  in  helping  to  establish  the  relation  between  the  root  tubercles  of 
leguminous  plants  and  the  fixation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen.  The 
work  of  the  station  includes  also  the  investigation  of  other  phases  of 
plant  growth,  plant  diseases,  soil  bacteriology,  and  forestry  problems. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Triesdorf,  Bavaria. 

Station  daft. — Prof.  Ph.  Schreiner,  Dir.;  Jos.  Ahr,  Chief  of  Cheat. 
Work;  H.  Behr,  Chief of  Seed  Control  Wort: 

Origin. — Founded  in  1874  by  the  district  committee  of  the  Agri- 
cultural Society  of  Mittelfranken. 

Equipment. — Vegetation  house  and  experimental  field. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $737.80  (State,  $499.80;  fees,  $238). 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  agricultural  and  related  problems, 
and  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds. 

Forestry  Experiment  Station  of  the  University,  Tubingen,  Wurttemberg-. 
Prof.  T.  von  Lorey,  Dir. 

The  department  of  forestry  in  this  university  has  an  annual  appro- 
priation of  about  $1,095  for  use  in  forestiy  investigations. 

Laboratories  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Agriculture  and  Brewing-,  Weihen- 

stephan,  Bavaria. 

Governing  board. — Under  the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Religion 
and  Public  Instruction. 

Station  staff.  ,  Dir.    I.  Division  of  Agriculture:  Dr. 

E.  Wein,  Agr.  and  Dairy  Chem.;  Dr.  Buchner,  Seeds  and  Soils;  Prof. 
GanzenmiUler,  Machine  Testing ;  Prof.  Kraus  (Kiessling,  Asst.),  Field 
Fxpts.  and  Plant  Growth;  Prof.  E.  Biicheler  (four  assistants),  Brew- 
ing and  Distilling;  Prof.  F.  Weiss  (Zirngiebel,  Asst.),  Plant  Protec- 
tion and  Plant  Diseases.  II.  Division  of  Brewing:  Prof.  Krandauer, 
Prof.  Ulsch,  Dr.  Luff,  Chem.  and  Fermentation;  Prof.  GanzenmiUler 
(one  assistant),  Machine  Tech.;  Prof.  Vogel  (six  assistants),  Brew- 
ing TecK. 

Origin. — Experiments  at  Weihenstephan  were  begun  in  1888  in  con- 
nection with  the  work  of  the  royal  academy.  Nearly  all  members  of 
the  station  staff  are  also  members  of  the  academy  teaching  force,  and 
there  is  no  very  clear  distinction  between  their  duties  as  investigators 
and  as  instructors. 

Equipment. — The  experimental  work  is  carried  on  in  the  labora- 
tories of  the  academy,  among  which  are  laboratories  for  chemistry, 
agricultural  chemistry,  dairying,  microscopy,  soil  physics,  seed  test- 
ing, machine  technology,  distilling,  brewing,  and  pure  yeast  culture. 


GERMANY. 


135 


There  are  also  experiment  fields,  a  botanic  garden,  an  apiary,  fishery, 
hop  garden,  brewery,  distillery,  arboretum,  and  other  accessories. 

Income. — For  1900,  State  subsidy  amounting  to  about  $952. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  field  crops,  seeds,  and  soils; 
investigation  of  diseases  of  plants,  dairy  problems,  and  problems  con- 
nected with  brewing  and  distilling. 

Viticultural  Experiment  Station,  Weinsberg-,  Wurttemberg1. 

Dr.  J.  Behrens,  Dir. 
Established  in  L900. 

Experiment  Station,  Wiesbaden,  Prussia. 

Governing  ?><><'/■</. — Committee  of  the  Agricultural  and  Forestry 
Society  of  Nassau. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  H.  Fresenius,  Dir.;  A.  Stodle,  Ohem. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1881  by  the  Agricultural  and  Forestry  Society 
of  Nassau. 

Equipment. — The  station  is  maintained  in  connection  with  the 
famous  Fresenius  Analytical  Laboratory  at  the  Agricultural  Institute, 
and  uses  the  equipment  of  this  laboratory. 

Income.— For  1900,  $1,166.20  (State  s;>71.^>:  fees.  $595). 

Lints  of  work. — Scientific  investigations  and  control  of  fertilizers 
and  feeding  stuffs. 

Dairy  Institute,  Wreschen,  Prussia. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture  of  the  Province  of 
Posen. 

Staff.— Dr.  H.  Tiemann,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. —  In  connection  with  the  instruction  of  students,  con- 
siderable scientific  investigation  is  carried  on.  This  includes  the  test- 
ing of  dairy  machinery,  investigations  in  connection  with  cheese  and 
butter  making,  and  analytical  work. 

District  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Wurzburg,  Bavaria. 

Station  Staff.— Dr.  Th.  Omeis,  Dir.;  S.  Schulhofer,  Asst.  Ohem.; 
one  laboratory  assistant;  one  gardener. 

Origin. — Organized  in  L868  by  the  district  agricultural  committee 
of  [Jnterfranken  and  Aschaffenburg;  reorganized  in  1898. 

Equipment. —  Chemical,  botanical,  and  bacteriological  laboratory: 
experimental  wine  cellar  and  vineyard. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $2,189.50  (State.  $476;  district  agricultural 
committee.  $47t>;  society.  $59.50;  fees,  $1,428). 

Lines  of  work.  Scientific  investigations  in  the  interest  of  agricul- 
ture and  industries  related  to  agriculture,  including  viticulture*  con- 


136 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


trol  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds:  official  investigations  for 
the  royal  customs  authorities.  The  station  is  the  State  bureau  of 
information  on  plant  protection  and  plant  diseases. 

GOLD  COAST. 

Botanic  Garden,  Aburi.  * 

Govi  ming  board. — Botanical  Department 

Staff.— W.  H.  Johnson.  Our.;  T.  W.  Brown.  Asst.  Our. 

Equipment. — Botanic  garden:  nurseries,  containing  about  31,000 
economic  plants  in  pots  and  23,000  in  nursery  rows:  greenhouses; 
potting  house:  herbarium,  etc. 

Lines  of  work. — The  botanical  department,  through  the  agency  of 
the  botanic  garden,  is  engaged  in  promoting  agricultural  interests 
throughout  the  colony,  and  to  this  end  is  propagating  and  distributing 
economic  plants  and  seeds,  including  those  of  tobacco,  cotton,  fiber 
plants,  rubber  trees,  spice  plants,  cocoa,  kola,  coffee,  and  others  suit- 
able to  a  subtropical  climate.    Annual  reports  are  published. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Board  of  Agriculture.  London. 

The  Right  Hon.  R.  W.  Hanbury.  M.  P..  Pres.;  T.  H.  Elliott.  C.  B., 

See. 

In  England  and  Wales  government  aid  for  agricultural  education 
and  experimental  research  is  made  through  the  agency  of  the  Board  of 
Agriculture,  which  was  established  in  188V*.  and  •'consists  of  the  Lord 
President  of  the  Council.  His  Majesty's  Principal  Secretaries  of  State, 
the  First  Commissioner  of  the  Treasury,  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  the  Secre- 
tary for  Scotland,  with  such  other  persons  as  His  Majesty  may  from 
time  to  time  think  tit  to  appoint  during  his  pleasure."  During  the 
past  twelve  years  the  board  has  made  annual  grants  to  such  colleges 
and  local  institutions  as  have  carried  on  their  work  in  a  manner  to 
meet  its  approval.  In  1900  these  grants  amounted  to  *o7.715.3S.  and 
were  made  to  eight  colleges,  three  dairy  institutes,  and  two  county 
societies.  The  colleges  are  now  cooperating  in  educational  and 
research  work  with  thirty-seven  separate  administrative  counties,  the 
colleges  furnishing  lecturers  for  local  instruction  and  providing  for 
the  proper  supervision  of  local  demonstration  plats  and  agricultural 
experiments.  The  grants  to  dairy  institutes  and  county  societies  were 
made  because  the^e  institutions  possessed  exceptional  facilities  for 
Instruction  or  were  in  districts  not  served  by  the  collegiate  centers. 

In  addition  to  class-room  instruction,  these   subsidized  colleges 


■Set*  Royal  (hardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


137 


engage  in  two  lines  of  scientific  work,  namely,  field  demonstrations 
and  agricultural  experiments  conducted  at  the  collegiate  centers  or  at 
various  places  in  the  county  or  in  adjacent  counties.  The  former  are 
intended  merely  to  demonstrate  to  college  students  and  to  farmers  the 
value  of  improved  methods  of  culture;  the  latter  more  nearly  approach 
scientific  investigation,  although  they  are  confined  mostly  to  field 
experiments. 

The  following  list  shows  for  each  subsidized  institution  the  amount 
granted  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  the  name  of  the  head  of  the 
agricultural  department,  and  the  principal  lines  of  research  work. 

Institutions  Subsidized  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture. 

Durham  College  of  Science  (Department  of  Agriculture  and  Forestry)  and  Farm, 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

H.  P.  Gurney,  M.  A.,  Prin. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture.  14,866.50.  Lines  of  work: 
Experiments  in  the  use  of  stable  manure  and  artificial  fertilizer  on 
potatoes,  swedes,  and  hay. 

Southeastern  Agricultural  College  and  Farm.  Wye. 

Prof.  A.  D.  Hall,  M.  A.,  Prim,. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture.  $4,866.50.  Lines  of  work: 
Experiments  in  the  manuring,  cultivation,  training,  etc.,  of  hops; 
causes  of  moss  in  pastures;  growing  of  sanfoin  and  lucern;  fumigation 
with  hydrocyanic  acid. 

University  College  of  North  Wales  (Agricultural  Department)  and  Farm,  Bangor. 

Prof.  Thomas  Winter.  M.  A..  Agr. 

Grant  from  Hoard  of  Agriculture,  $4,866.50.  Lines  of  work: 
Experiments  in  manuring  swedes  and  various  kinds  of  pastures;  spray- 
ing charlock;  variety  tests  of  mangels,  swedes,  and  potatoes;  feeding 
maize  meal  and  barley  meal  to  bullocks. 

University  College  of  Wales  (Agricultural  Department),  Aberystwith. 

Prof.  T.  Parry.  Dir.  of  Agr.  Education. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture,  $3,893.20.  Lines  of  work; 
Experiments  in  manuring  for  hay;  the  use  of  basic  slag  for  grass 
land;  manuring  potatoes;  spraying  charlock. 

Reading  College  (Agricultural  Department).  Reading. 

Prof.  Douglas  A.  Gilchrist,  B.  Sc.,  Dir.  <n><l  Let.  in  Agr. 
Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture,  $3,893.20.    Lines  of  work;  Field 
experiments  on  the  effects  of  manures  on  pasture  and  meadow  land; 


138  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


effects  of  manures  in  rotations  of  crops;  seeding  with  sanfoin  and 
lucern;  experiments  with  field  crops;  spraying  of  charlock;  and 
methods  of  combating  tinger-and-toe  disease  in  swedes. 

Yorkshire  College  (Agricultural  Department),  Leeds. 

R.  W.  Hay  don.  Led.  in  Agr. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture,  $3,893.20.  Lines  of  work: 
Experiments  in  the  manuring  of  potatoes  and  swedes,  and  on  cod-liver 
oil  as  a  substitute  for  milk  fat  and  meal  in  rearing  calves. 

Cambridge  University  (Agricultural  Department  i.  Cambridge. 

Prof.  W.  Somerville,  M.  A.,  D.  Sc..  Agr. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture,  $3,893.20.  Lines  of  work:  Field 
experiments  in  the  manuring  of  potatoes,  mangel-wurzels,  and  swedes; 
in  rotations  and  in  denitrilication;  fruit  experiments;  improvement  of 
pastures  and  meadows;  and  tests  of  oats,  lucern,  barley,  and  other 
crops. 

University  College  (Agricultural  Department  I.  Nottingham. 

Prof.  M.  J.  R.  Dunstan,  M.  A.,  Head  of  Dept. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture.  &1.946.60.  Lines  of  work:  Field 
experiments  in  the  manuring  of  permanent  meadows;  feeding  experi- 
ments with  pigs. 

Bath  and  West  and  Southern  Counties  Society,  Bath. 

Sir  C.  T.  D.  Acland.  Chair. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture,  $729.98.  Lines  of  work:  Experi- 
ments in  the  manufacture  of  cider;  field  experiments. 

Agricultural  Research  Association.  Aberdeen. 

Thomas  Jamieson,  Dir. 

Grant  from  Board  of  Agriculture.  $4st3.65.  Lines  of  work:  Agri- 
cultural experiments  in  various  parts  of  the  country. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of 
England  (Woburn  Experimental  Farm),  Aspley  Guise,  R.  S.  O.,  Beds. 

Governing  hoard. — Committee  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society. 
Station  staff.— Dv.  J.  A.  Voelcker,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  and  endowed  by  Hastings  Russell.  Ninth  Duke  of 
Bedford,  in  ls77.  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  values  of  manure 
obtained  by  the  consumption  of  different  kinds  of  purchased  foods; 
pot-culture  station  added  in  1898. 

Equipment.  Farm  buildings,  including  barns  and  silos;  chemical 
laboratory;  buildings  and  complete  equipment  for  pot-culture  experi- 
ments; farm  of  131  acres. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


139 


Income.  — About  $4,300  per  year  from  endowment  funds  and  fees. 

Lines  of  work. — Field  experiments  including  rotations,  continuous 
growing  of  wheat  and  barley  with  different  manures,  testing  of  vari- 
eties of  clovers  and  forage  crops,  and  green  manuring:  experiments  in 
the  laying  down  and  subsequent  treatment  of  permanent  pastures: 
investigation  of  silage:  feeding  experiments:  pot  experiments  in  plant 
nutrition. 

University  Botanic  Garden,  Cambridge.  a 
Prof.  H.  M.  Ward. 

Royal  Veterinary  College,  Camden  Town,  London. 

Governing  hoard.  —  Veterinary  committee  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society. 

Station  staff— Dr.  J,  M.  McFadyean,  Prin.;  R.  A.  X.  Powys.  See. 

Origin. — Research  work  in  comparative  pathology  and  bacteriology 
was  begun  in  1890  under  the  auspices  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society. 

Income. — Annual  grant  of  $2, 433.25  from  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Investigation  of  the  diseases  of  domestic  animals 
and  remedies  for  the  same:  the  examination  each  year  of  about  350 
morbid  specimens  sent  to  the  laboratory  by  veterinary  surgeons  and 
others. 

Essex  Technical  Laboratories,  Essex  County  Council,  Chelmsford. 
St < if ',<>,,  staff. — David  Houston.  Dir. 

Lines  <>f  work. — Manurial  experiments  with  field  crops,  bacterio- 
logical investigations,  experiments  in  horticulture,  and  investigation 
of  plant  diseases. 

Royal  Agricultural  College  and  Farm,  Cirencester. 

Govi  rning  board. — This  is  a  private  institution,  under  the  patronage 
of  His  Majesty  King  Edward  VII. 

Station  staff— Rev.  J.  B.  McCIellan.  M.  A..  Prin.;  Prof.  E.  Kinch. 
Dir.  and  ( Item. 

Origin. — The  college  was  founded  in  1845.  Systematic  experiments 
were  begun  in  LsiW. 

Equipnn  nt. — Farm  of  500  acres,  botanic  garden,  college  laboratories, 
farm  buildings,  and  veterinary  hospital. 

Income. — The  college  is  supported  by  private  contributions  and  by 
lees  received  from  students. 

Lines  of  work.—  Manurial  experiments  on  field  crops,  grasses,  and 


■See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


140 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


pasture:  experiments  in  the  continuous  raising  of  various  grains  on  the 
same  plats;  chemical  analysis  of  farm  products;  feeding  experiments. 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Technical  Instruction  for  Ireland;  Dublin, 

Ireland. 

 .  Pres.;  Horace  Plunkett,  V.  Pre*;;  T.  P.  Gill.  Sed 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Technical  Instruction  for  Ire- 
land was  organized  in  1900  for  the  purpose  of  "aiding,  improving, 
and  developing  the  agriculture,  fisheries,  and  other  industries  of  Ire- 
land *  *  *  in  such  a  manner  as  to  stimulate  and  strengthen  the 
self-reliance  of  the  people." 

The  organization  of  the  department  comprises  a  staff  paid  from  funds 
appropriated  by  Parliament,  with  which  are  associated  4  advisory  and 
cooperating  boards  or  committees,  the  members  of  which  are  appointed 
partly  by  local  county  or  borough  authorities,  partly  by  the  depart- 
ment, and  partly  by  other  officials.  These  advisory  bodies  are  the 
council  of  agriculture,  the  agricultural  board,  the  board  of  technical 
instruction,  and  the  consultative  committee  of  education. 

The  department  is  provided  with  an  endowment  of  $807,839,  together 
with  funds  for  maintaining  a  number  of  institutions  turned  over  to  it. 

The  work  of  the  department  has  been  divided  into  6  branches,  namely, 
agriculture,  technical  instruction,  fisheries,  statistics  and  intelligence, 
veterinary  science,  and  accounts.  The  various  enterprises  in  charge  of 
the  department  are  promoted  by  subsidizing  and  otherwise  encourag- 
ing local  effort  on  the  part  of  the  counties,  boroughs,  and  associations, 
the  department  holding  itself  in  readiness  to  give  expert  advice  when 
needed.  For  this  purpose  special  committees  on  live  stock,  horse 
breeding,  flax,  fisheries,  etc..  have  been  organized  in  the  department. 
The  distinctive  agricultural  features  already  inaugurated  are  along  the 
lines  of  agricultural  instruction,  the  improvement  of  live  stock,  and 
agricultural  experiments  and  investigation.  The  plans  for  the  improve- 
ment of  live  stock  include  the  introduction  of  pure-bred  stallions  and 
bulls,  which  are  loaned  or  sold  on  contract  to  farmers,  and  the  distri- 
bution of  awards  for  approved  animals  grown  by  the  farmers.  The 
building  of  cooperative  creameries,  the  erection  of  plants  for  pasteur- 
izing milk,  and  the  promotion  of  other  means  for  encouraging  dairy 
husbandry  have  been  brought  about  by  a  system  of  loans.  A  variety 
of  cooperative  experiments  have  been  carried  out  for  the  purpose  of 
introducing  tobacco  growing  and  reviving  flax  culture,  which  has 
greatly  fallen  off  in  Ireland  in  recent  years.  Other  enterprises,  also. 
mo>ily  of  a  practical  nature,  have  been  encouraged. 

Royal  "Dublin  Society,  Dublin. 

Staff.     Ett.  Hon.  Lord  Ardilavn.  Dir. 

The  station  carries  on  agricultural  experiments  on  selected  farms. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


141 


Irish  Agricultural  Organization  Society,  22  Lincoln  place,  Dublin. 

Staff. — H.  C.  Shexingham,  Agr.  Expert. 

Origin. — Since  1898,  experiments  with  barley,  root  crops,  grasses, 
and  charlock  spraying-  have  been  conducted. 

Trinity  College  Botanic  Gardens,  Dublin.  a 

Prof.  E.  Perceval  Wright. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Highland  and  Agricultural  Society  of  Scot- 
land (  Pumpherston  | ,  Edinburgh,  Scotland. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  A.  P.  Aitken.  Dir.;  Dr.  McAlpine,  Consulting 
Wot. 

Lines  of  work. — Agricultural  experiments  and  seed  control. 

Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh,  Scotland." 

I.  B.  Balfour.  Keeper. 

The  West  of  Scotland  Agricultural  College,  Glasgow,  Scotland.  b 

Station  staff.— Prof.  K.  Patrick  Wright.  Dir.  and  Agr.;  H.  F. 
jStockdale,  Sec. 

The  college  Is  located  at  Glasgow,  but  experiments  are  conducted 
at  Kilmarnock  and  on  selected  farms  in  several  other  localities. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  field  crops  to  test  the  value  of 
various  manures;  feeding  experiments. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Glasgow,  Scotland."1 

F.  O.  Bower. 

Royal  Botanic  Gardens  (Glasnevin),  Dublin,  Ireland. a 

F.  W.  Moore.  Keeper. 

Aynsome  Experiment  Station,  Grange-Over-Sands,  Lancashire. 

st<if !n,»  stuff. — John  S.  Remington,  Dir.  Chem.  and  B<>t.;  T.  M. 
Remington,  Farm  Mgr.;  Claude  Smith.  Asst.  Chem. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1901  as  a  private  experiment  station  by  J.  8. 
and  T.  M.  Remington,  who,  during  the  last  two  years  have  been  con- 
ducting experiments  on  a  small  scale  at  Aynsome  farm. 

Equipnu  nt.— The  buildings  include  a  chemical  laboratory,  a  large 
laboratory  for  general  work,  a  smaller  laboratory  for  analytical  and 

aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 

b Formerly  The  Glasgow  and  West  of  Scotland  Technical  College. 


142  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


microscopic  work  and  investigations  in  plant  physiology,  a  balance  room, 
library,  model  dairy,  greenhouse,  and  a  feeding  house  with  four  stalls 
and  fodder  room  attached.  The  chemical  laboratory  will  be  furnished 
with  all  apparatus  necessary  for  anatytical  and  research  wTork  in  organic 
and  agricultural  chemistry.  The  farm  comprises  about  275  acres  of 
land,  of  which  about  15  acres  will  be  devoted  to  plat  experiments. 

Income.  —  The  station  is  to  be  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the 
director,  who  will  supplement  the  funds  provided  b}T  himself  by  fees 
received  from  students  who  enter  for  training  in  agricultural  chem- 
istry or  in  farming. 

Lines  of  wo?-k. — Investigations  in  agricultural  chemistry,  organic 
chemistry,  plant  physiology,  bacteriology,  soils,  feeding  experiments 
with  sheep  and  cattle,  seed  testing,  and  practical  work  in  dairying 
and  general  farming.  In  addition  to  the  investigations  carried  on,  the 
station  receives  students  for  instruction  in  chemistry  and  agriculture. 

Rothamsted  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Harpenden. 

Governing  hoard. — Trustees:  Lord  Avebury,  Lord  Walsingham, 
and  Sir  John  Evans.  Managing  committee:  Four  members  nomi- 
nated b}T  the  Royal  Societ}^  two  by  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of 
England,  and  one  each  by  the  Chemical  Society  and  the  Linnean  Society. 

Station  staff. — Sir  J.  Henry  Gilbert,11  Dir.  and  Chem.;  assistant 
chemists;  botanists;  computers;  record  keepers;  and  helpers. 

Origin. — Founded  by  Sir  John  B.  Lawes  in  1843,  with  Dr.  J.  H. 
Gilbert  as  director;  reorganized  in  1889  when  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes  trans- 
ferred the  station  to  the  Lawes  Agricultural  Trust  and  endowed  it  with 
1486,650. 

Equipment.—  Laboratoiy  building  containing  chemical  and  botan- 
ical laboratories,  sample  house  containing  45,000  bottles  of  specimens, 
cement  lysimeter,  experiment  fields  covering  40  acres. 

Income. — Proceeds  of  the  Lawes  endowment  of  $486,650. 

Lines  of  work. — Field  experiments,  including  various  rotations  with 
and  without  manure;  growing  wheat,  barley,  and  other  crops  on  the 
same  ground  year  after  year  without  manure,  with  barnyard  manure, 
and  with  commercial  fertilizers;  feeding  experiments;  meteorological 
observations;  chemical  and  botanical  investigations  of  vegetable  and 
meat  products;  investigation  of  plant  growth  in  relation  to  root  tuber- 
cles and  the  assimilation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen. 

Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

Station  sfojf.-SirW.  T.  Thiselton-Dyer.  Dir.;  S,  T.  Dunn,  Private 
See.;  W.  B.  Hemsley.  Keeper  of  Herbarium  and  L'drr.;  D.  H.  Scott, 


"Sir  J.  Henry  Gilbert  died  December  23,  1901. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


143 


xlonorary  Keepet\  Jordrell  Ixiboratoryj  J.  R.  Jackson,  Keeper  <>f 
Mmeuia;  George  Nicholson,  Our.  of  the  Gardens. 

Origin. — Lord  Capel's  exotic  gardens,  founded  in  1759,  were  in 
1840  adopted  as  a  national  establishment  and  opened  as  a  public  park 
under  the  Department  of  Woods  and  Forests. 

Equipment. — Two  large  greenhouses,  fourteen  other  houses.  muse- 
Sims,  botanical  laboratory,  herbarium,  and  library,  botanic  garden  of 
10  acres,  arboretum  and  pleasure  grounds  of  about  270  acres. 

Income. — Annual  grants  from  Parliament  of  about  $126,529. 

Lines  of  work. — Collecting  trees,  shrubs,  and  plants  in  all  parts  of 
the  world:  classifying  the  same,  and  investigating  their  economic 
value. 

The  following  botanical  gardens  and  botanical  stations  of  the  British 
Isles  and  colonies  cooperate  with  Kew  and  are  directed  in  their  work 
largely  by  the  Kew  authorities: 

BRITISH  ISLES. 

Cambridge. — University  Botanic  Garden:  Prof.  H.  M.  Ward. 
Dublin: 

Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Glasnevin:  F.  W.  Moore,  Keeper. 

Trinity  College  Botanic  Gardens:  Prof.  E.  Perceval  Wright. 
Edinburgh. — Royal  Botanic  Garden:  I.  B.  Balfour,  Keeper. 
Glasgow. — Botanic  Gardens:  F.  O.  Bower. 
Oxford. — University  Botanic  Garden:  Prof.  8.  H.  Vines. 

colonies. 

Bermuda. — Botanic  Station:  G.  A.  Bishop,  Supt. 
British  Central  Africa. — Scientific  Department. 

Zomba:  J.  McClounie,  Head  of  Dept. 
British  East  Africa. — Botanic  Station:  . 

Uganda:  Alexander  Whyte,  Cur. 
British  Guiana: 

Berbice. — Botanic  Garden:  Richard  Hunt,  Keeper. 

Georgetown. — Botanic  Garden:  G.  S.  Jenman,  Supt.  and  Govt.  Bot. 
British  Honduras. — Botanic  Station:  Eugene  Campbell,  Cur. 
British  West  Indies: 

Antigua. — Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments:  W.  X.  Sands,  Cur. 

Barbados. — Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture:  D.  Morris,  Comr. 

Barbados. — Dodd's  Reformatory,  Botanic  Station,  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments: 
J.  R.  Bo  veil,  Supt. 

Dominica. — Botanic  Station:  Joseph  Jones,  Cur. 

Grenada. — Botanic  Station:  W.  E.  Broadway,  Cur. 

Jamaica: 

Kingston. — Department  of  Public  Gardens  and  Plantations:  Wm.  Fawcett, 
Dir. 

Hope  Gardens:  Wm.  Harris,  Supt. 
Castleton  Gardens:  W.  J.  Thompson,  Supt. 
Cinchona  (Hill  Garden):  Wm.  Harris,  Supt. 
Kingston  Parade  Garden:  John  Campbell,  Supt. 
King's  House  Garden:  James  Briscoe,  Supt. 
Bath:  A.  H.  Groves,  Overseer. 


144  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


British  West  Indies — Continued. 

St.  Kitts-Nevis. — Botanic  Station  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments:  William  Lunt, 

Cur. 

St.  Lucia. — Botanic  Station:  J.  C.  Moore,  Car. 

St.  Vincent. — Botanic  Station:  Henry  Powell,  Cur. 

Tobago. — Botanic  Station:  J.  H.  Hart,  Cur. 

Trinidad. — Botanic  Gardens  and  Sugar  Cane  Experiments:  J.  H.  Hart,  Supt. 

Canada: 

Montreal.— University  Botanic  Garden:  D.  P.  Penhallow,  Dir. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. — Cape  Government  Herbarium:  R.  MacOwan,  Bot. 

Ceylon: 

Peradeniya. — Department  of  Royal  Botanic  Gardens:  J.  C.  Willis,  Dir.;  Hugh 
McMillan,  Our. 
Anuradhapura:  D.  F.  de  Silva,  Con. 
Badulla:  D.  I).  Fernando,  Con. 
Hakgala:  William  Nock,  Supt. 
.  Henaratgoda:  S.  de  Silva,  Arachchi,  Con. 
Falkland  Islands. — Government  House  Garden:  Albert  Linney,  Head  Gard. 
Fiji. — Botanic  Station:  Daniel  Yeoward,  Car. 

Gambia. — Botanic  Station:  . 

Gold  Coast: 

Aburi. — Botanic  Station:  W.  H.  Johnson,  Cur. 
Hongkong. — Botanic  and  Afforestation  Department:  Charles  Ford,  SupL 
India: 

Bengal — 

Darbhangah. — Maharajah's  Garden:  Herbert  Thorn,  Supt. 
Darjeeling. — Lloyd  Botanic  Garden:  W.  A.  Kennedy,  Cur. 
Calcutta. — Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  India:  P.  Lancaster,  Sec. 
Mungpoo. — Government  Cinchona  Plantations:  D.  Prain.  Snj,t. 
Sibpur.  —Department  of  Royal  Botanic  Gardens:  D.  Prain,  SupL 
Bombay  Presidency — 

Bombay. — Municipal  Garden:  C.  D.  Mahaluxmivala,  Supt. 
Ghorpuri. — Botanic  Garden:  P.  G.  Kanitkar,  Supt. 
Karachi. — Municipal  Garden:  . 

Poona. — Botanic  Department  of  the  College  of  Science:  G.  A.  Gammie. 
Central  Provinces — 

Nagpur. — Horticultural  Gardens:  J.  Home  Stephen,  Su/>t. 
Madias — 

Madras. — Agri-Horticultural  Society:  A.  G.  Bourne,  Honorary  Sec. 
Ootacumund. — Botanic  Garden:  C.  A.  Barber,  Bot. 

Ootacumund. — Government  Cinchona  Plantations:  W.  M.  Standen,  Dir. 
Native  States — 

Bangalore,  Mysore. — Botanic  Garden:  J.  Cameron,  Supt. 
Baroda. — Botanic  Garden:  G.  H.  Krumbiegel,  Sapt. 
Gwalior. — Botanic  Garden:  C.  Maries,  S»]>t. 
Morvi. — Botanic  Garden:  Joseph  Beck,  Sapt. 

Trivandrum,  Travancore. — Museum  and  Botanic  Gardens:  H.  S.  Ferguson, 

Dir. 

Udaipur.— Botanic  Garden:  T.  H.  Storey,  Sapt. 
Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh— 

Agra.— Taj  Garden:  A.  F.  P.  Griessen,  Supt. 
Allahabad.— Botanic  Garden:  H.  J.  Davies,  Supt. 
Cawnpore. — Botanic  Garden:  G.  H.  T.  Meyer,  Supt. 
Kumaon  |  Ramghur)  .—Botanic  Garden:  F.  W.  Seers,  Supt. 


GREAT  BRITAIN . 


145 


India — Continued. 

Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh — Continued. 

Lucknow.— Government  Horticultural  Garden:  Matthew  Ridley.  Supt. 

Saharanpur. — Botanic  Department,  Northern  India:  J.  F.  Duthie,  Dir. 

Saharanpur. — Botanic  Gardens:  Wm.  Gollan,  Supt. 
Punjab — 

Lahore. — Botanic  Garden:  H.  G.  Hein,  Supt. 
Lagos. — Botanic  Station:  . 

Malay  States. — Experimental  Plantations:  Stanley  Arden,  Supf. 

Perak  (Taiping). — Government  Gardens  and  Plantations:  Robert  Derry,  Supt. 
Malta.—  Argotti  Botanic  Garden:  Dr.  Francesco  Debono,  Dir. 
Mauritius. — Department  of  Forests  and  Botanic  Gardens: 

Curepipe. — F.  Bijoux,  Overseer. 

Pamplemousses. — J.  Vankeirsbilck,  Dir. 

Reduit. — W.  A.  Kennedy,  Overseer. 
Natal: 

Durban. — Botanic  Garden:  J.  M.  Wood,  Cur. 
Pietermaritzburg. — Botanic  Garden:  G.  Mitchell,  Cur. 
New  South  Wales: 
Sidney — 

Botanic  Gardens  and  Domains:  J.  H.  Maiden,  Dir.  and  Bot. 
Technological  Museum:  R.  T.  Baker,  Cur. 
New  Zealand: 

Auckland. — Colonial  Botanic  Garden:  Wm^Goldie,  Ranger. 
Christchurch. — Colonial  Botanic  Garden:  Ambrose  Taylor.  //<"</  Card. 
Dunedin. — Colonial  Botanic  Garden:  J.  McBean.  Supt. 
Invercargill. — Colonial  Botanic  Garden:  Thomas  Waugh,  ll><t<i  Gard. 
Napier. — Colonial  Botanic  Garden:  W.  Barton,  Supt. 
Wellington. — Colonial  Botanic  Garden:  G.  Gibb,  Head  Gard. 
Queensland: 
Brisbane — 

Botanic  Garden  (Department);  F.  M.  Bailey,  Colon.  Bot. 
Botanic  Gardens:  Philip  MacMahon,  <'nr. 

Acclimatization  Society's  Gardens:  Edward  Grimley,  Sec.  and  Mgr. 

Rockhampton. — Acclimatization  Society's  Gardens:  J.  S.  Edgar,  Supt. 
Sierra  Leone. — Botanic  Station:  Walter  Ilaydon,  Cur. 
South  Australia: 

Adelaide. — Botanic  Garden:  Maurice  Iloltze,  Dir. 

Port  Darwin. — Botanic  Garden:  Nicholas  Holtze,  Cur. 
Southern  Nigeria: 

Old  Calabar. — Botanic  Garden:  J.  II.  Holland,  Cur. 
Straits  Settlements: 

Penang. — Botanic  Gardens:  Charles  Curtis,  Asst.  Supt. 

Singapore. — Botanic  Gardens:  II.  N.  Ridley,  Dir. 
Tasmania: 

Hobart. — Botanic  Gardens:  F.  Abbott,  Supt. 
Victoria: 

Melbourne — 

Botanic  Gardens:  W.  R.  Guilfoyle,  Cur. 
National  Herbarium:  J.  G.  Luehmann,  Cur. 
Western  Australia: 

Perth. — Department  of  Agriculture:  George  Throssell,  Bot. 
Zanzibar.— Victoria  Gardens:  W.  Buzzacott,  Cur. 


22018— No.  Hi'— 02  10 


146 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Botanical  Department,  Royal  Agricultural  Society,  Norwood. 

Governing  board. — Botanical  committee  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society. 

Station  staff. — William  Garruthers,  Consulting  Bot. 

Income. — The  department  exacts  fees  for  botanical  investigations. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control  and  botanical  investigations  for  mem- 
bers of  the  society:  investigation  of  plant  diseases,  of  poisonous 
plants,  and  of  suitable  plants  for  hay  and  pasture. 

University  Botanic  Garden,  Oxford,  England. a 

Prof.  S.  H.  Vines. 

Woburn  Experimental  Fruit  Farm,  Woburn. 

Governing  hoard. — Eleventh  Duke  of  Bedford  and  the  director. 

Stat!",,  staff. — Spencer  Pickering,  Dir./h  a  resident  manager,  and 
seven  or  eight  men  and  boys. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  in  conjunction 
with  Spencer  Pickering,  in  whose  hands  the  whole  organization,  both 
practical  and  scientific,  has  been  left. 

Equipment. — Manager's  residence  and  office,  storeroom  for  fruit, 
greenhouse,  garden  house,  sheds,  and  20  acres  in  fruit. 

Income. — All  funds  are  furnished  by  the  Duke  of  Bedford. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  large  and  small  fruits  to  deter- 
mine best  varieties,  best  methods  of  treatment  as  to  distance  apart  in 
planting,  cultivation,  pruning,  etc..  and  to  determine  means  of  com- 
bating diseases  and  insect  pests. 

HUNGARY. 

Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Budapest. 

Dr.  Ignatius  Deranyi,  Jlhu*.  of  Agr. 

The  Hungarian  Ministry  of  Agriculture  was  organized  as  a  sepa- 
rate department  in  1889.  It  includes  an  administrative  division  and 
seven  scientific  sections,  the  latter  comprising  twenty-five  divisions. 
The  ministry  is  located  at  Budapest  in  magnificent  buildings  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  grounds.  In  the  laboratories  of  these  buildings 
a  large  force  of  specialists  is  engaged  in  research  work.  The  ministry 
has  an  agricultural  library  of  about  60,000  volumes,  one  of  the  largest 
in  Europe. 

Experiment  stations  in  Hungary  are  Government  institutions 
designed  to  promote  the  advancement  of  agriculture  by  means  of 
practical  experiments,  original  research,  and  advice  to  farmers  on 


See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 
b  Director's  address,  Harpenden,  Herts. 


HUNGARY. 


147 


parious  agricultural  questions.  In  addition  the  chemical  and  seed 
control  stations  are  called  upon  to  examine  agricultural  supplies  and 
agricultural  products.  The  Centra)  Commission  of  Experiment  Sta- 
tions exercises  a  directing  and  supervisory  power  over  the  individual 
stations,  and  acts  as  the  representative  of  the  Minister  of  Agriculture 
in  matters  relating  to  the  organization  and  work  of  the  stations. 
The  commission  consists  of  a  president,  secretary,  and  about  a  dozen 
permanent  members,  all  appointed  by  the  Minister  of  Agriculture. 
In  this  commission  each  branch  of  experiment  station  work  is  repre- 
sented by  a  station  director,  the  remaining  members  being  prominent 
specialists  in  particular  branches  of  agriculture.  Since  its  creation  in 
1898  the  commission  has  published  a  journal.  EiseHeMgyi  kdzlemenyek, 
embodying  the  reports  of  the  work  of  the  various  stations. 

Plant  Culture  Experiment  Station,  Altenburg. 

Governing  hoard. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff'. — Sandor  Czerhati.  Dir. :  three  assistants;  one  chemist. 

Origin, — Established  in  1891  as  a  station  for  testing  varieties.  In 
L895  fertilizer  experiments  were  undertaken,  and  in  1897  and  1899  pot- 
culture  experiments  and  investigations  of  scientific  problems  were 
taken  up. 

Equipment. — Well-equipped  buildings,  extensive  plant  houses,  and 
equipment  for  pot-culture  experiments. 

Lines  of  work.  —  One  division  of  the  station  has  charge  of  coopera- 
tive experiments  with  farmers  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  which 
are  carried  on  for  the  purpose  of  testing  varieties  of  farm  crops  and 
fertilizers.  The  other  division  is  occupied  with  experimental  investi- 
gations, one  of  the  most  important  of  which  is  the  acclimatization  of 
sugar  beets. 

Experiment  Station  for  Agricultural  Implements,  Altenburg. 

Governing  board. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Station  staff. — Prof.  V.  Thallmayer,  Dir. 

Origin.— Established  in  L869  in  connection  with  the  Agricultural 
Academy  at  Altenburg. 

Lines  of  work.- — The  testing  of  newly  invented  agricultural  machines 
and  implements  or  those  already  in  use  to  determine  their  fitness  for 
the  operations  for  which  they  are  designed;  the  giving  of  detailed 
information  to  the  agricultural  population  on  all  questions  relating  to 
agricultural  machinery  in  actual  use. 

Public  Station  for  Seed  Control  and  Plant  Physiology  and  Pathology, 

Altenburg. 

Gmvrninq  hoard. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff.— Prof.  G.  Linhart.  Dir.;  assistant. 

Origin.— In  lSUTthe  chief  of  the  Seed  Control  Station  at  Altenburg 


148  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


organized  a  station  for  plant  physiology  and  pathology,  and  later  the 
two  stations  received  the  official  name  of  Public  Station  for  Seed  Con- 
trol and  Plant  Physiology  and  Pathology.  Both  stations  are  under  the 
management  of  one  director. 

Equipment. — A  main  building,  containing  the  working  office  of  the 
director;  a  large  room  for  the  examination  of  seeds,  mycological  and 
bacteriological  laboratories;  a  greenhouse  for  germination  experi- 
ments; collectionsof  diseased  plants  and  seeds;  photographic  apparatus, 
and  a  garden  containing  about  2  acres. 

Lines  of  work. — The  station  examines  diseased  plants  sent  in  by 
agriculturists,  horticulturists,  viticulturists,  and  sylviculturists;  fur- 
nishes a  description  of  the  disease  and  gives  instruction  for  defense 
against  it.  The  station  also  conducts  investigations  on  the  nature  and 
cause  of  plant  diseases. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Altenburg-. 

Governing  board. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  T.  Kosutany,  Dir.;  three  assistants. 

Origin. — This  station,  founded  in  1872,  is  the  oldest  chemical  sta- 
tion in  Hungary,  and  is  connected  with  the  Agricultural  Academy  at 
Altenburg. 

Lines  ofvjork. — Study  of  the  chemistry  of  wine  and  of  methods  of 
wine  examination;  investigations  of  yeasts  and  their  influence  on 
fermentation,  of  the  development  and  chemical  composition  of  tobacco, 
and  of  the  chemistry  of  oil  cakes  and  certain  agricultural  plants; 
analysis  of  fertilizers  and  soils;  study  of  vegetable  albumin  and  the 
influences  which  affect  the  biological  functions  of  plants. 

Entomological  Station,  Budapest. 

Governing  board. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff .- — Jozsef  Jablonovsky,  Dir.;  assistant  director;  three 
assistant  entomologists;  permanent  correspondents  in  different  parts 
of  the  country. 

Grig  in.-—  Organized  in  1880  as  the  Phylloxera  Station;  converted 
into  an  entomological  station  in  1899. 

Lines  of  work.— Study  of  the  life  histories  of  the  common  injurious 
insects  in  order  to  ascertain  the  best  means  for  their  destruction; 
repression  of  injurious  mammals;  the  furnishing  of  information  to  the 
public  on  all  matters  relating  to  protection  against  injurious  insects, 
through  the  publication  of  popular  bulletins. 

Station  for  Animal  Physiology  and  Nutrition,  Budapest. 

Governing  board.—  Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Slut',*,,,  staff. — Dr.  Ferencz  Tangl,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 
Origin.    Established  in  1896  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 


HUNGARY. 


149 


Equipment. — A  laboratory  equipped  with  everything  necessary  for 
the  analysis  of  feeding-  stuffs,  feces,  and  urine:  stables  provided  with 
scales  for  weighing-  the  animals:  and  a  Berthelot-Mahler  calorimeter. 
A  respiration  calorimeter  for  large  animals  is  being  constructed. 

Lines  of  work. — Study  of  the  rational  feeding  of  domestic  animals, 
giving  especial  attention  to  feeding  stuffs  produced  or  manufactured 
in  Hungary  and  animals  raised  there.  Experiment^  have  been  con- 
ducted with  horses,  swine,  sheep,  and  poultry. 

Central  Seed  Control  Institution,  Budapest. 

Governing  hoard. — Central  Commi>sion  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Arpad  de  Degen.  Dir.;  three  assistants;,  one 
microscopist:  four  helpers:  in  the  winter  several  additional  helpers. 

Origin. — Established  in  1882  in  connection  with  the  Veterinary 
Institute;  made  independent  in  1891.  There  are  seed  control  stations 
at  Altenburg  (Prof.  G.  Linhart.  Dir.).  Debreczen  (Prof.  Kalman 
Kerpely,  Dir.).  Kaschau  (Geza  Gerloczy.  Dir.).  Keszthely.  and 
Klausenburg.  The  station  at  Altenburg  was  established  in  1878. 
The  others  began  work  in  1884. 

Equipment. — Each  station  possesses  a  standard  collection  of  seeds 
of  cultivated  plants  and  weeds,  a  library,  analytical  and  volumetric 
balances,  a  set  of  optical  instruments,  thermostat,  farinometer.  and  a 
collection  of  feeding  stuffs. 

Lines  of  work.  —Seed  testing,  to  safeguard  farmers,  horticulturists, 
and  others  against  impurities  and  to  determine  the  maturity  and 
germinative  power  of  seeds:  the  dissemination  of  information  regard- 
ing protection  against  weeds  and  plant  parasites  and  regarding  good 
apparatus  for  purifying  seeds;  botanical  analysis  of  different  kinds  of 
hay  and  other  feeding  stuffs. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Budapest. 

Governing  hoard. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  L.  Liebermann.  Dir.;  two  chief  chemists:  seven 
assistant  chemists:  a  number  of  laboratory  assistants. 

Origin  —  Established  in  1881  in  connection  with  the  Veterinary 
Institute:  made  independent  in  ls>s7  and  removed  to  the  department 
building:  reorganized  in  1892. 

Lines  of  work. — Control  and  inspection  work  in  executing  the  law 
against  adulteration  of  agricultural  and  other  industrial  products: 
examination  of  imported  and  exported  wines  and  of  exported  sugars: 
the  furnishing  of  expert  information  to  the  Government  on  chemical 
questions  relating  to  commerce,  finance,  and  customs.  The  scientific 
work  of  the  station  includes  the  elaboration  of  new  methods  of  chemi- 
cal analysis  and  the  testing  of  methods  recommended  by  others. 
Methods  adopted  by  this  station  must  be  employed  by  all  the  other 


150  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


chemical  stations.  The  station  staff  has  adopted  new  methods  for  the 
analysis  of  milk,  wine,  whisky,  meat,  red  pepper,  soils,  feeding  stuffs, 
fertilizers,  petroleum,  and  a  large  number  of  other  commercial  articles, 
and  has  made  numerous  analyses  of  agricultural  plants,  feeding  stuffs, 
factory  refuse,  musts,  and  wines  of  Hungary.  It  has  also  devoted 
much  attention  to  research  work  in  physiological  chemistry. 

Experiment  Station  for  Tobacco  Culture,  Debreczen. 

Governing  board. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Kalman  Kerpely,  Dir.;  three  assistants;  fore- 
man; four  gardeners. 

Origin. — Established  in  1898  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture. 

Equipment. — A  main  building  containing  laboratory,  7  curing  barns 
representing  different  types,  appliances  for  the  Macedonian  air-cure 
processes,  2  storage  houses,  6  cabins  for  gardeners,  and  about  29  acres 
of  land  belonging  to  the  Agricultural  Institute.  Of  this  area  the  build- 
ings occupy  about  7  acres,  the  hotbeds  1A  acres,  a  botanical  garden 
2.9  acres,  and  a  field  for  culture  experiments  about  14.5  acres. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  and  experiments  to  ascertain  the  best 
methods  of  cultivating  and  curing  tobacco,  and  variety  tests  and  experi- 
ments having  for  their  purpose  the  improvement  of  the  quality  of  the 
leaf.  The  station  trains  workmen  and  officials  for  the  administration 
of  the  government  tobacco  monopol}'  and  supplies  tobacco  growers 
with  information  and  instruction  as  to  rational  culture.  In  order  to 
conduct  experiments  simultaneously  on  the  two  most  typical  Hunga- 
rian soils,  a  substation  has  been  established  at  Bekes-Csaba  (Odon 
Kallay,  Dir.),  which  is  under  the  control  of  the  station  at  Debreczen. 
The  soil  at  the  main  station  is  sandy,  while  that  at  the  substation  is 
black  and  compact.  The  area  under  cultivation  at  the  substation  is 
about  9  acres.  Many  cooperative  experiments  are  carried  out  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Debreczen. 

Governing  hoard. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  in  connection  with  the  Agricultural  Insti- 
tute of  Debreczen. 

Li  ins  of  work.  Original  investigations  relating  to  the  composition 
of  Hungarian  (lours  and  to  the  methods  of  examining  tobacco. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Fiume. 

Governing  hoard. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Origin.    Established  in  1900  for  the  analysis  of  wines  and  other 
products  imported  through  this  seaport. 


INDIA. 


151 


Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Kaschau. 

Governing  hoard. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Station  staff. — Prof.  Zsigmond  Zalka,  Dir. ;  assistant. 
Origin. — Established  in  1884  as  a  department  of  the  Agricultural 
Institute  at  Kaschau. 

Equipm*  ni. — Experimental  distillery. 

Lines  of  work. — The  scientific  work  of  the  station  is  mainly  devoted 
to  investigations  in  its  experimental  distillery. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Keszthely. 

Governing  board. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Statin,,  stuff. — Jeno  Nyredy.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1885  in  connection  with  the  Agricultural  Insti- 
tute of  Keszthely. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  the  plants  cultivated  in  Hungary 
with  reference  to  their  physiology  and  need  for  fertilizers. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Klausenburg. 

Governing  board.  —Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Station  staff. — Prof.  Fabinyi.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  as  a  department  of  the  University  at 
Klausenburg. 

Lines  of  work.  —Almost  exclusively  chemical-control  work. 

Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Pressburg-. 

Governing  board. — Central  Commission  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Station  stuff. — Dr.  J.  Lucich,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1883  in  connection  with  the  Technical  High 
School  of  Pressburg. 

Liros  of  work. — Control  work  only. 

Central  Station  of  Forestry,  Selmeczbanya. 

Established  in  1898  for  forestry  experiments. 

INDIA. 

Taj  Garden,  Agra,  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh. a 

A.  E.  P.  Griessen,  Sxpt. 

Botanic  Garden,  Allahabad,  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh. a 
H.       Davies.  Supt. 


"See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


152 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Mysore  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bangalore. 

A.  Lehman.  Ph.  D.,  Ayr.  Chem.;  H.  V.  Krishnaiva.  Asst.  Chem.; 
B.  Venkata  Rao,  Asst.  Chem.;  A.  K.  Yegna  Narayana  Iyer,  Proba- 
tionary Asst.  Chem. 

The  Mysore  Department  of  Agriculture  was  organized  in  1899  and 
charged  with  conducting  agricultural  investigations  in  the  district.  At 
the  head  of  the  department  is  an  agricultural  chemist,  who  is  aided  hy 
three  assistant  chemists  and  several  agricultural  inspectors.  A  labora- 
tory to  cost  about  $5,560  has  been  completed  in  part,  and  an  appro- 
priation of  $2,080  has  been  made  for  the  purpose  of  starting  an  experi- 
mental agricultural  farm  under  the  superintendence  of  the  agricul- 
tural chemist. 

The  lines  of  work  undertaken  include  the  analysis  of  soils,  sugar, 
and  geological  specimens;  investigations  of  problems  in  sugar  produc- 
tion, study  of  insects  and  diseases  of  plants,  and  of  means  for  their 
repression.  Bulletins  and  annual  reports  are  published  and  sent  free 
to  planters  and  sugar  makers. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Bangalore,  Mysore. a 

J.  Cameron.  Supt. 

Botanic  Garden,  Baroda,  Native  States. a 

0>.  H.  Krumbiegel.  Supt. 

Municipal  Garden,  Bombay,  Bombay  Presidency. a 

G.  D.  Mahal uxmivala,  Supt. 

Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  India,  Calcutta,  Bengal. a 

P.  Lancaster,  Sec. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Cawnpore,  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudb. a 
G.  H.  T.  Meyer,  Suj>t. 

Maharajah's  Garden,  Darbhangah,  Bengal. :i 
Herbert  Thorn.  Suj>t. 

Lloyd  Botanic  Garden,  Darjeeling,  Bengal. a 
\V.  A.  Kennedy.  Our. 

Dumraon  Experimental  Farm,  Dumraon,  Bengal. 

Governing  board.  —  Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Bengal:  1).  L.  Roy  (Asst.  Dir.),  Calcutta. 


a8ee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


INDIA. 


153 


Staff. — Experiments  at  this  place  are  under  the  immediate  charge 
of  D.  L.  Roy.  who  also  supervises  experimental  work  at  other  places 
in  the  district. 

Origin.—  Experiments  were  begun  in  1885  on  a  farm  at  Pareswana. 
In  1895  this  farm  was  given  over  to  ordinary  cultivation,  and  a  new 
site  for  experimental  work  was  chosen  near  Dumraon. 

Equipment. — Farm  buildings,  and  farm  of  30.75  acres,  of  which  22 
acres  are  under  cultivation. 

Tneonts— Budget  for  1898,  $520. 

Lines  of  work. — Manurial  experiments  with  rice  and  wheat,  variety 
tests,  cultural  experiments,  trials  of  new  farm  implements,  and  the  dis- 
tribution of  seeds. 

Botanic  Garden,  Ghorpuri,  Bombay  Presidency. a 

P.  G.  Kanitkar,  Supt. 

Cawnpore  Experimental  Farm,  Gotaiya,  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh:  W.  H.  Moreland.  Dir.;  S.  H.  Fre- 
mantle  (Officiating  Dir.),  Caumpore. 

Staff.— P.  V.  Subbiah,  officiating  Asst.  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  in  1881. 

K<jnij>ment. — Farm  buildings,  veterinary  hospital,  and  farm  of  51.33 
acres,  of  which  36.31  acres  are  under  cultivation. 

Lines  of  work.  Experiments  with  manures;  variety  tests  with  pota- 
toes sugar  cane,  cotton,  and  other  crops;  testing  and  distribution  of 
farm  implements;  distribution  of  seeds;  breeding  of  horses  and  cat- 
tle; and  treatment  of  diseases  of  domestic  animals.  Permanent  manu- 
rial experiments  have  been  conducted  since  1881,  and  since  1883  52 
plats  have  been  devoted  to  this  series  of  experiments.  Annual  reports 
and  bulletins  are  published. 

Botanic  Garden,  Gwalior,  Native  States. a 

C.  Maries.  Supt. 

Municipal  Garden,  Karachi,  Bombay  Presidency. a 

Botanic  Garden,  Kumaon  (Ramghur  ),  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh.8 

V.  W .  Seers,  Supt. 

Botanic  Garden,  Lahore,  Punjab.  1 
H.  G.  Hein.  Supt. 


a8ee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


154 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Government  Horticultural  Garden,  Lucknow,  Northwest  Provinces  and 

Oudh. » 

Governing  board. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh:  W.  H.  Moreland,  Dir.;  S.  H.  Freinantle 

( Officio, t in g  Dir. ) ,  Cawnpore. 
Staff— Matthew  Ridley.  Supt. 

Equipment. — Horticultural  gardens,  arboricultural  nursery,  and 
exotic  and  date  plantations. 

Income. — The  gardens  are  self-supporting,  and  the  expenditures  for 
1899-1900  amounted  to  $3,423. 

Lines  of  work. — Commercial  propagation  of  fruits,  vegetables,  and 
flowers,  and  in  connection  with  this  work  experimental  investigations. 
Annual  reports  have  been  published  since  1888. 

Agri-Horticultural  Society,  Madras,  Madras  Presidency.  a 

A.  G.  Bourne.  Honorary  Sec. 

•  Botanic  Garden,  Morvi,  Native  States.  a 

Joseph  Beck.  Supt. 

Government  Cinchona  Plantations,  Mung-poo,  Bengal. a 
D.  Pram.  Supt. 

Experimental  Farm,  Nag-pur,  Central  Provinces. 

Governing  board. — Department  of  Agriculture.  Central  Provinces: 
L.  S.  Caiw,  ( fomr.  of  Settlements  and  Agr. 
Staff. — R  S.  Joshi.  Supt. 

Origin. — Established  in  1883.  In  1889  another  government  farm 
was  established  in  connection  with  the  horticultural  gardens  at  Telenk- 
heri  and  placed  under  the  superintendence  of  R.  S.  Joshi. 

Equipment. — At  Nagpur,  farm  buildings  and  a  farm  of  90  acres,  of 
which  7<>  acres  are  under  cultivation;  at  Telenkheri,  buildings  and  a 
farm,  of  which  72  acres  are  under  cultivation. 

Income. — The  cost  of  maintaining  the  two  farms  in  1899-1900  was 
$345.90. 

hmes  of  work.  — Experiments  with  different  manures,  rotation  experi- 
ments with  and  without  manure,  tillage  experiments,  variety  tests, 
experiments  with  plant  diseases,  trial  of  farm  implements,  and  cattle 
I  needing.    Annual  reports  are  published. 


a8ee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


INDIA. 


155 


Horticultural  Gardens  of  the  Central  Provinces,  Nag-pur,  Central  Provinces.*1 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture,  Central  Provinces: 
L.  S.  Carey,  Gomr.  <>f  Settlements  and  Agr. 

Staff. — J.  H.  Stephen,  Supt.  of  Gardens  at  Nagpurand  Telenkheri; 
J.  Safdar  Ali,  Mgr.  of  Gardens  at  Paehmarhi;  other  managers. 

Origin. — The  Department  of  Settlements  and  Agriculture  maintains 
in  the  Central  Provinces  a  large  number  of  horticultural  gardens,  the 
most  important  being  those  at  Nagpur,  Telenkheri,  and  Pachmarhi. 

Income. — The  total  cost  of  maintaining  the  gardens  in  1899-1900  was 
$5,420. 

Lines  of  work. — Propagation  and  cultivation  of  tropical  fruits,  such 
as  oranges,  Florida  pears,  persimmons,,  figs,  mangoes,  etc.,  vegetables, 
and  flowers;  distribution  of  plants  and  seeds;  occasional  experiments 
in  fruit  and  vegetable  culture  and  methods  of  packing  and  shipping 
the  same.  Results  of  the  work  are  published  in  the  Annual  Report  on 
the  Management  of  the  District  Gardens  in  the  Central  Provinces. 

Botanic  Garden,  Ootacumund,  Madras  Presidency.* 

Staff.— C.  A.  Barber,  Dir. 

Origin. — Opened  in  1847. 

Eguipment. — Botanic  gardens  of  51  acres. 

Income.— For  1900,  $4,368. 

Lines  of  work. — Improvement  of  horticultural  conditions  in  the  dis- 
trict, introduction  of  vegetable  productions  not  indigenous  to  India, 
and  the  distribution  of  plants  and  seeds. 

Government  Cinchona  Plantations,  Ootacumund,  Madras  Presidency.* 

W.  M.  Standen,  Dir. 

Burdwan  Experimental  Farm,  Pala,  Bengal. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Bengal:  D.  L.  Roy  (Asst.  Dir.),  Calcutta. 
Staff. — Debi  Trasad  Chowday,  Overseer. 
Origin. — Established  in  1885. 

Eguipment. — Farm  of  27  acres,  of  which  10  acres  are  devoted  to 
experiments. 

Income—  Budget  for  1899,  $490.75. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  manures;  introduction  of  new 
farm  crops,  implements,  and  methods  of  culture;  and  experiments  in 
the  conservation  of  stable  manure.    Annual  reports  are  published. 

See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


156  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Government  Experimental  Farm,  Poona,  Bombay  Presidency. 

Governing  board. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Bombay  Presidency:  W.  P.  Symonds,  Survey  Oomr.  and  Dir. 
Staff.— J.  W.  Mollison,  Deputy  Dir.  of  Agr. 
Origin,. — Established  about  1885. 
Income.—  Budget  for  1900,  $200.81. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  fodder  and  fiber  crops,  cereals, 
tobacco,  sugar  cane,  and  fertilizers;  irrigation  experiments  with  well 
water,  canal  water,  and  sewage;  and  dairy  and  feeding  experiments. 
At  Maujri  special  sugar-cane  experiments  are  conducted. 

Botanic  Department  of  the  College  of  Science,  Poona,  Bombay  Presidency. a 

G.  A.  Gammie.  Dir. 

Crop  Experiments,  Poona,  Bombay  Presidency. 

Governing  board. — J.  W.  P.  Muir-Mackenzie,  Chief  Sec.  to  Govt. 
Revemu  Dept.;  W.  P.  Symonds.  Survey  Comr.  and  Dir.  Dept.  of  Land 
Records  and  Agr. 

.  Staff.—  J.  W.  Mollison.  Deputy  Dir.  of  Agr. 

Origin. — Under  the  direction  of  J.  W.  Mollison,  98  cooperative 
cultural  experiments  and  variety  tests  were  conducted  in  1899  at  20 
different  localities  in  the  Bombay  Presidency.  Similar  experiments, 
numbering  one  year  as  high  as  266,  have  been  reported  since  1887 
in  the  annual  reports  of  the  Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agri- 
culture. 

Botanic  Department,  Northern  India,  Saharanpur,  Northwest  Provinces 

and  Oudh.a 

J.  F.  Duthie,  Dir. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Saharanpur,  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh.a 

W.  Gollan,  Supt. 

Saidapet  Experimental  Farm,  Saidapet,  Bombay  Presidency. 

Governing  board. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture. 
Bombay  Presidency;  F.  A.  Nicholson,  (Dir.).  Madras, 
stnt  i<m  staff. — YV.  Kees. 

Origin. — Established  in  1865;  now  maintained  in  connection  with 
the  Madras  Agricultural  College,  which  was  established  in  1876. 

Equipment. — College  buildings,  barns,  sheds,  etc.,  botanic  gardens, 
orchards,  and  experimental  field. 

a  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


INDIA. 


157 


Lines  of  work.—  Experiments  in  green  manuring,  seed  production 
and  selection,  acclimatization  of  plants,  irrigation  for  ;t  dry"  crops  and 
forage  plants,  rotation  of  crops,  the  use  of  fertilizers,  and  live  stock 
production.  Considerable  attention  is  given  to  the  introduction  of 
new  and  improved  farm  implements  and  machinery.  Annual  reports 
are  published. 

Crop  Experiments  in  Assam,  Shillong,  Assam. 

Governing  board.—  Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Assam. 

Staff. — D.  H.  Lees,  Officiating  Dir. 

Under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agri- 
culture, a  large  number  of  experiments  in  the  cultivation  of  rice, 
mustard,  sugar  cane,  and  a  few  miscellaneous  crops  are  conducted 
in  different  parts  of  Assam.  In  1900  experiments  were  conducted  in 
forty-two  different  places.  Annual  reports  have  been  published 
since  1890. 

Department  of  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Sibpur,  Bengal. a 
D.  Prain,  Supt. 

Experimental  Farm  of  the  Civil  Engineering  College,  Sibpur,  Bengal. 

Govern  ing  board. — Agricultural  department  of  the  Civil  Engineering 
College. 

Staf.—N.  G.  Mukerji,  Dir.  and  Agr. 

Origin. — The  farm  was  established  in  1887,  and  was  maintained  as 
an  independent  institution  until  1899,  when  it  was  joined  to  the  agri- 
cultural department  of  the  Civil  Engineering  College. 

Equipment. — Farm  of  26  acres. 

Income.—  For  1899,  $718. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  manures,  new  crops,  implements, 
machinery,  insecticides,  and  methods  of  culture;  and  the  distribution 
of  seeds  and  implements. 

Government  Experimental  Farm,  Surat,  Bombay  Presidency. 

Governing  board. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture, 
Bombay  Presidency:  W.  P.  Symonds (Survey  Contr.  and  Dir.),  Poona. 
Staff— J.  W.  Mollison,  Deputy  Dir.  of  Agr. 
Origin. — Established  in  1896. 
Income.—  Budget  for  1900,  $1,831.25. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


158  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Lines  of  work. — Manurial  rotation  experiments  with  staple  crops  of 
the  district,  seed  improvement  by  selection,  experiments  with  fodder 
crops,  studv  of  plant  diseases  and  means  for  suppressing  them,  irri- 
gation experiments,  cattle  breeding,  and  dairy  experiments. 

Division  of  Experimental  Cultivation,  Taunggyi,  Southern  Shan  States. 

Staff. — A.  H.  Hildebrand,  Supt.;  MaungSe,  Gard. 

Experiments  were  begun  in  1891  and  consist  of  simple  cultural 
experiments  with  farm  crops,  garden  vegetables,  and  fruits.  The 
budget  for  1899  was  *^46.56. 

Museum  and  Botanic  Gardens,  Trivandrum,  Travancore.a 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — H.  S.  Ferguson,  Dir. 

Origin. — Museum  opened  in  1857.  The  botanic  gardens  were  begun 
about  the  same  time  but  were  not  developed  to  any  extent  until  in  1890. 

Equipment. — Museum  building,  house  and  pens  for  animals,  propa- 
gating house,  fernery,  superintendent's  house,  zoological  collection  of 
275  specimens,  and  botanic  garden  of  40  acres. 

Income. — Annual  government  grant  of  ^6.^-to. 

Lines  df  work. — Some  attention  is  given  to  the  cultivation  of  eco- 
nomic plants,  but  in  the  main  the  museum  and  gardens  are  kept  14)  as 
places  of  recreation  for  the  general  public.  Annual  reports  are 
published. 

Botanic  Garden,  Udaipur,  Native  States.  1 
T.  H.  Storey.  Supt. 

ITALY. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Industries,  and  Commerce,  Rome. 

Premier  Zanardelli.  Actg.  Minis.;  Prof.  Tito.  Chief  'of Dir.  ofAgr. 

In  Italy,  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Industries,  and  Commerce 
comprises  nine  divisions,  each  of  which  is  charged  with  the  super- 
vision of  some  particular  phase  of  agricultural,  industrial,  or  commer- 
cial activity.  The  fifth  division,  of  which  Professor  Tito  is  chief,  has 
charge  of  agricultural  institutions  for  instruction  and  research,  includ- 
ing colleges,  schools,  experiment  stations,  and  laboratories.  These 
institutions  receive  appropriations  from  the  Government,  and  in  many 
cases  also  from  the  province  and  the  municipality  in  which  they  are 
located,  and  from  local  agricultural  associations  and  chambers  of 
commerce. 


"See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


ITALY. 


159 


Experiment  stations  in  Italy  are  either  autonomous  or  connected 
with  educational  institutions:  agricultural  chemical  laboratories  are 
all  connected  with  educational  institutions.  The  administration  of  the 
station  funds  in  charge  of  the  director,  who  must  report  to  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  to  a  committee  of  administration  com- 
posed of  the  director  of  the  station  and  representatives  of  all  the 
bodies  associated  in  support  of  the  station.  The  studies  and  investi- 
gations of  each  station  are  made  in  accordance  with  the  plans  of  the 
station  staff  or  at  the  request  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  of 
local  corporations  that  contribute  to  the  support  of  the  station,  or  of 
public  or  private  administrations.  Fees  are  charged  for  analyses,  but 
not  for  determinations  of  fungi,  injurious  insects,  etc.  Some  of  the 
stations  give  instruction  to  special  students,  and  all  give  information 
freely  to  the  public  on  the  results  of  their  investigations.  In  some 
cases  lectures  are  given  for  the  purpose  of  acquainting  the  people  with 
these  results. 

(Enological  Station,  Asti. 

Governing  l><«trd. — The  station  is  autonomous  and  is  controlled  by  a 
committee  representing  the  Government  and  several  local  associations. 

Station  staff .  .  Dir.;  three  assistants. 

Origin. — Established  by  royal  decree  of  187*2. 

Lines  of  tr<>rl\ — Analysis  of  grapes,  must,  wines,  vineyard  soils, 
and  adulterated  products;  chemical  and  microscopical  research  work 
in  fermentation  and  diseases  of  the  vine  and  grape;  investigations  on 
the  best  methods  of  viniiication.  preservation  of  wine,  examination  of 
wine  and  wine-making  machinery:  dissemination  of  information  by 
correspondence  and  lectures. 

Entomological  Station,  19  Via  Romano,  Florence. 

Governing  l»><ird. — Under  the  control  of  the  Royal  Institute  for 
Higher  Studies,  with  which  the  station  is  connected. 

Station  staff— Prof.  Adolfo  Targioni-Tozzetti,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 

Origin.-—  Established  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  Industries, 
and  Commerce  in  1875;  reorganized  in  18s 7. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  building  containing  laboratories  of  com- 
parative anatomy,  bacteriology,  zootechnics,  and  chemistry:  zoologi- 
cal and  entomological  collections:  and  a  library. 

Limes  of  work.  —  Investigations  in  economic  entomology  and  zoology, 
and  in  methods  of  combating  insect  pests  of  plants  and  animals.  The 
results  of  the  work  are  made  public  by  correspondence,  lectures,  and 
the  station  publication,  Nuove  relazioni  intomo  al  lavori  delta  Reale 
Staziom  di  Entomologia  Agraria  di  Firmze. 


160 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Forli. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  connected  with  the  Technical  Insti- 
tute at  Forli,  and  is  controlled  by  a  committee  composed  of  the  direc- 
tor and  four  other  members  representing  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, Industries,  and  Commerce;  the  province  of  Forli,  the  munici- 
pality of  Forli,  and  the  local  agricultural  society. 

Station  staff . — Prof.  Alessandro  Pasqualini,  Dir.;  Antonio  Sintoni, 
Agr.;  Ugo  Serrughi,  Asst.  Client.;  Pizzigati,  Helper. 

Origin.—  Established  in  1872. 

Equipment. — The  laboratories  and  other  equipment  of  the  Technical 
Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical  investigation  of  fertilizers,  soils,  waters, 
agricultural  products,  and  miscellaneous  materials;  cultural  experi- 
ments with  different  fertilizers;  cenological  and  viticultural  experiments; 
microscopic  examination  of  the  eggs  of  the  silkworm ;  experiments  with 
forage  crops  and  fiber  plants;  and  the  dissemination  of  information  by 
correspondence  and  lectures.  The  important  work  of  the  station  is 
published  in  Annali  delta  Eeale  Stazione  Agraria  di  Forli. 

Experiment  Station  for  Cheese  Making-,  Iiodi. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  autonomous  and  is  controlled  by  a 
committee  of  five  members  representing  the  Government  and  local 
associations. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Carlo  Besana,  Dir.;  Ferdinando  Ghigi  and 
Giuseppi  Fascetti,  Assts. 

Origin. — Established  in  1871;  reorganized  in  1879. 

Income. — For  1898,  $2,509  (Government,  $1,129.05;  province  of 
Milan,  $1,003.60;  municipalities  of  Lodi  and  Chiosi,  $250.90;  Lodi 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  $125.45). 

Lines  of  work. — Manufacture  of  cheese;  investigation  of  the  influ- 
ence of  temperature  on  milk  and  on  the  manufacture  of  butter  and 
cheese;  study  of  the  influence  of  butter  fat  on  the  manufacture  and 
keeping  qualities  of  cheese;  investigation  of  various  starters,  coloring 
materials,  and  methods  of  heating  milk;  study  of  milk  and  butter  adul-. 
te rants  and  means  for  preventing  their  use;  testing  dairy  machinery; 
and  the  dissemination  of  information  by  lectures  and  correspondence. 
The  work  of  the  station  is  published  in  the  Annuario  delta  Beale  Sta- 
zione Sperimentale  di  Caseificio  di  Lodi. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Milan. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  under  the  control  of  the  Royal 
Agricultural  High  School. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  A.  Menozzi,  Dir. 


ITALY. 


161 


Origin. — Established  in  1871  in  connection  with  the  Royal  Agri- 
cultural High  School;  transferred  in  1879  to  the  Veterinary  High 
School;  reorganized  and  brought  under  the  control  of  the  Royal 
Agricultural  High  School  in  1891. 

Equipment. — An  agricultural  chemical  laboratory. 

Lines  of work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  and  feeding  stuffs; 
cultural  experiments  with  different  manures  and  fertilizers;  feeding 
experiments;  microscopic  examination  and  test  of  eggs  of  the  silk- 
worm; and  the  dissemination  of  information  by  lectures  and  the  sta- 
tion publication,  Rieerche  eseguite  net  Laboratorio  di  Chimica  Agraria 
delta  Reale  Scuola  Superiore  di  Agricoltura  in  Milano. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Modena. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  autonomous  and  is  controlled  by 
a  committee  representing  the  Government  and  local  societies. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Gino  Cugini,  Dir.;  assistant  chemist;  assistant 
agriculturist. 

Origin. — Established  in  1871;  reorganized  in  1879. 

Lines  of  wort: — Physiological  and  pathological  investigation  of 
cereals  and  forage  plants;  introduction  and  acclimatization  of  new 
cereals  and  forage  plants;  seed  control;  analysis  of  fertilizers,  soils, 
subsoil  rocks,  cereals  and  forage  crops  and  their  products,  drinking 
water  and  irrigation  water;  microscopic  examination  of  eggs  of  the 
silkworm;  and  the  dissemination  of  information  by  the  instruction  of 
students  in  the  laboratory  by  lectures  and  by  published  reports. 

Sericultural  Station,  Padua. 

Governing  board. — Committee  of  seven  members  representing  the 
Government,  province,  commune,  chamber  of  commerce,  and  local 
agricultural  society. 

Station  staff . — Prof.  Enrico  Verson,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 

Origin. — Established  in  1871. 

Equipment. — School  building,  nursery  for  silkworms,  and  a  grove 
of  mulberry  trees. 

Lines  of  work. — The  purpose  of  the  station  is  primarily  to  give 
instruction  in  sericulture.  The  original  investigations  include  the 
study  of  conditions  essential  for  the  successful  production  of  silk- 
worms, including  laws  of  nutrition,  means  of  treating  diseases,  etc.; 
preparation  and  distribution  of  healthy  eggs  of  silkworms;  experi- 
ments with  new  species  of  worms  and  with  new  instruments  used  in 
silk  production;  and  the  investigation  of  any  question  that  may  arise 
in  practical  sericulture. 

l^018-No.  112—02  11 


162  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Palermo. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  autonomous  and  is  controlled  by  a 
committee  representing-  the  Government  and  local  societies. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  A.  Borntrager,  Dir.;  assistant  chemist;  assist- 
ant agriculturist. 

Origin—  Established  in  1872. 

Lines  o  f  work. — Chemical  and  physiological  analysis  of  soils;  analy- 
sis of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  waters,  and  agricultural  products; 
feeding  experiments;  entomological  investigations;  experiments  to 
determine  the  commercial  value  of  sumac;  (enological  experiments; 
and  the  dissemination  of  information  by  lectures  and  published 
reports. 

Cryptog-amic  Laboratory,  Pavia. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  Botanic  Institute  of  the 
University  of  Pavia. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Giovani  Briosi,  Dir.;  one  assistant;  two  stu- 
dent assistants. 

Origin. — Established  in  1871. 

Equipment. — The  laboratories  of  the  Botanic  Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Study  of  the  morphology  of  cryptogamic  parasites 
of  plants  and  animals;  investigation  of  means  for  arresting  their  devel- 
opment and  spread  and  for  lessening  their  injurious  effects;  and  the 
study  of  problems  submitted  by  public  or  private  parties.  The  results 
are  published. 

Royal  Agricultural  High  School,  Portici. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture,  Industries,  and 
Commerce. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Salvatore  Baldassarre,  Dir.,  Animal  LIush.; 
Italo  Giglioli,  Dir.  Agr.  Chem.  Lab.;  Prof.  P.  Palmeri,  Chem.; 
Prof.  F.  Campanile,  Phys.  and  Met.;  Prof.  E.  Monaco,  Min.  and 
Geol.;  Prof.  O.  Comes,  Dot.  and  Veg.  Path.;  Prof.  A.  Berlese,  Zool. 
and  Ent.;  Prof.  M.  Montanari,  Agr.;  Prof.  L.  Savastano,  Jlort.  and 
F<>r.;  Prof.  F.  Nitti,  Polit.  Econ.,  Statistics,  and  Rural  Legislation ; 
Prof.  O.  Bordiga,  Rural  Econ.,  Taxation  and  Accounts;  Prof.  F. 
Milone,  Earm  Mach.  and  Rural  Construction;  Prof.  E.  Galli, 
Hydraulics,  Topography,  and  Designing;  Prof.  U.  Barpi,  Ana/,  and 
Physiol.;  Prof.  E.  Mingioli,  Agr.  Lndus.;  Dr.  G.  Leonardi,  Api- 
culture  oioi  Silk  Culture. 

Origin.—  Established  in  1872  b}^  the  Province  of  Naples,  with  the 
cooperation  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Industries,  and  Com- 
merce, which  later,  in  1889,  assumed  full  control  of  the  school. 


ITALY. 


163 


Equipment. — In  the  main  building  of  the  school  are  a  number  of 
laboratories— botanical,  chemical,  zoological,  entomological,  etc.— a 
museum,  and  a  nursery  for  silkworm-.  There  are  also  experimental 
dairy  barns,  a  botanic  garden,  and  at  Suessola  an  experimental  field. 

Income. — Funds  provided  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  Indus- 
tries, and  Commerce  and  fees  for  analyses. 

Lines  of  work. — This  institution  includes  a  number  of  departments 
that  are  engaged  in  investigations  relating  to  agriculture.  '  The 
agricultural  chemical  laboratory  is  similar  to  those  connected  with 
other  educational  institutions  in  Italy,  its  work  comprising  analyses 
and  investigations  with  animal  and  vegetable  products,  soils,  and 
fertilizers.  Other  departments  are  investigating  problem-  in  the 
nutrition  and  breeding  of  domestic  animals,  diseases  of  plant-  and 
animals,  insect  pests,  silk  production,  dairy  problems,  and  the  produc- 
tion of  field  crops,  especially  tobacco.  Entomological  investigations 
have  included  quite  extensive  studies  of  scale  insects  and  mites, 
investigations  of  insecticides,  a  study  of  the  agency  of  insects  in  the 
transmission  of  alcoholic  ferment-,  and  an  investigation  of  the  effect 
of  intraorganic  injections  on  parasites.  Dr.  Leonardi  has  published  a 
book  on  injurious  Hymenoptera  and  Diptera  Reports  of  the  investi- 
gations are  published  in  Annali  drlla  R.  Srimhi  Sap*.rinre  cT 'Aarieol- 
tura  in  Portici,  and  bulletins  are  issued  which  are  distributed  free. 

Experiment  Station  for  Vegetable  Pathology.  Rome. 

Govern* mg  hoard. — The  station  is  independent. 
Station  stuff. — Prof.  G.  Cuboni,  Dir.;  two  assistants. 
Origin. — Established  in  1887. 

Lines  of  work. — Study  of  cryptogamic  and  bacteriological  diseases 
of  cultivated  plants  and  of  means  for  suppressing  them:  and  the  dis- 
semination of  information  by  lectures. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station.  Rome. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  autonomous  and  under  the  control 
of  a  committee  representing  the  Government  and  local  societies. 

Station  staff.  —  Prof.  Emanuel  Paterno,  Dir.;  four  assistants. 

Origin. — Established  in  1871:  reorganized  in  1884. 

Equipment. — Located  in  the  building  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Museum  of  Rome.  A  number  of  experimental  fields  are  supervised 
by  this  station. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers,  soils,  feeding  stuffs,  plants, 
and  plant  products;  field  experiments  on  different  soils  with  different 
manure-  and  fertilizers:  and  the  dissemination  of  information  by  cor- 
respondence and  lectures. 


1(34 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Scandicci. 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  Agricultural  Institute 
of  Scandicci.  with  which  it  is  connected. 
Station  "faff- — Napoleon  Passerini,  Dir. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory  and  other  equipment  of  the  Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  animal  and  vegetable 
products,  etc.:  fertilizer  experiments;  investigation  of  problems  in 
nitrification,  germination  of  seeds,  soil  physics,  wine  production;  and 
variety  tests  with  tobacco.  (See  Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratories, 
below.) 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Turin. 

Governing  hoard. — The  station  is  autonomous  and  under  the  control 
of  a  committee  representing  the  Government  and  local  societies. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  M.  Zecchini.  Dir.;  four  assistant-. 
Origin. — Established  in  1871. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  waters,  and  fertilizers;  fertilizer 
experiments;  study  of  rocks  from  which  originated  the  Piedmont  soils; 
aud  the  dissemination  of  information  by  lectures  and  correspondence. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Udine. 

Governing  hoard. — Connected  with  the  Technical  Institute  of  Udine 
and  governed  by  a  committee  representing  the  Government  and  local 

societies. 

Statin/,  staff. — Prof.  G.  Nallino,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1870. 

Equipment. — The  station  has  the  use  of  the  equipment  of  the  Tech- 
nical Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  experimental  test  of  different  soils  and 
fertilizers,  penological  and  viticultural  experiments;  microscopic  exami- 
nations and  tests  of  the  vitality  of  eggs  of  the  silkworm:  and  the  dis- 
semination of  information  by  lectures  and  correspondence. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratories. 

These  are  laboratories  connected  with  educational  institutions  and 
are  under  the  control,  usually,  of  professors  of  chemistry.  Partly 
supported  by  the  institutions  with  which  they  are  connected  and  by 
fees,  each  laboratory  also  receives  an  annual  grant  of  $193  from  the 
Department  of  Agriculture.  Industries,  and  Commerce.  The  work 
undertaken  includes  the  analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  animal  and  veg- 
etable products,  and  other  articles  sent  to  the  institution.  Such 
work,  when  done  for  private  parties,  requires  a  small  fee.  but  when 
done  for  government  officials  and  agricultural  societies  is  gratuitous. 


JAPAN. 


165 


Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Bologna. 

Established  in  1871;  Prof.  Adolf o  Casali,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Caserta. 

Established  in  1888;  Prof.  E.  Cassoria,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Perugia. 

Prof.  Gius  Bellucci,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Pesaro. 

Established  in  1871;  Dr.  Francis  Dupre,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Pisa. 

Established  in  1886;  Prof.  Fausto  Sestini,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Portici.  a 

Italo  Giglioli,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Scandicci.  b 

Napoleon  Passerini,  Dir. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory,  Siena. 

Established  in  1872;  Prof.  Carlo  Giannetti,  Dir. 

JAPAN. 

The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce,  Tokyo. 

Yuzo  Hayashi,  Minis,  of  Agr.  and  Com. 

From  1869  to  1881  there  was  in  Japan  a  bureau  of  agriculture 
which  was  successive^  attached  to  the  ministries  of  state,  finances, 
and  the  interior.  In  1881  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce 
was  organized  as  a  separate  department.  It  comprises  bureaus  of 
agriculture,  commerce  and  industry,  forestiy,  superintendence  of 
forests  and  uncultivated  areas,  mines,  patents,  fisheries,  and  geology. 
The  bureau  of  agriculture  includes  four  divisions — administration, 
agricultural  products,  animal  husbandry,  and  horse  breeding.  The 
total  budget  of  the  ministry  for  1891)  was  $399,326,879. 

The  ministry  establishes,  supports,  and  controls  experiment  sta- 
tions; conducts  special  experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  tea;  inves- 
tigates problems  in  sericulture,  animal  husbandry,  horse  breeding, 
veterinary  science,  etc. ;  erects  new  buildings  and  purchases  apparatus 
for  the  experiment  stations,  sericultural  schools,  and  other  institutions 


'Sec  Royal  Agricultural  High  School,  Portici,  p.  1(52. 
'  Sec  same  laboratory,  p.  164. 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


under  its  control.  For  a  brief  account  of  the  development  of  agri- 
cultural experiment  stations  and  fields,  see  Central  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  Nishigahra,  below. 

Sericultural  Institution,  Kinngasa,  Near  Kyoto. 

Governing  hoard. — The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 
station  staff. — G.  Mastunaga,  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  hy  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce 
in  1899. 

Income. — Supported  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 

Lines  of  work. — At  this  institution  instruction  in  sericulture  is  given 
to  students  and  investigations  are  conducted,  including  experiments 
in  the  rearing  and  feeding  of  silkworms,  the  reeling  of  silk,  and  studies 
of  diseases  of  silkworms. 

Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Nishigahra,  near  Tokyo. 

Governing  hoard. — The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  J.  Sawano,  Dir.  Including  the  director  there 
are  36  heads  of  departments,  25  assistants,  and  13  clerks  Each  branch 
station  has  also  a  director  and  a  staff  of  from  8  to  10  members. 

Origin. — Beginning  in  1880,  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Com- 
merce conducted  field  experiments  with  rice,  wheat,  and  other  crops 
in  the  vicinity  of  Tokyo.  In  1890  a  provincial  experiment  field  was 
established  at  Nishigahra,  and  in  1893  this  was  enlarged  and  became 
the  Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station.  At  the  same  time  6 
branch  stations  were  organized,  3  others  being  organized  in  1896.  In 
1M'(.>  the  Central  Station  was  reorganized  and  now  includes  divisions  of 
agronomy,  agricultural  chemistry,  entomology,  vegetable  patholog}T, 
tobacco,  publications,  and  general  affairs.  The  branch  stations  con- 
duct work  somewhat  similar  to  that  done'  at  the  central  station,  and 
their  directors  report  to  the  director  of  the  Central  Station.  To  each 
station  is  assigned  a  certain  territory,  including  several  provinces,  and 
all  questions  arising  in  that  territory  are  referred  to  the  station 
located  in  the  territory.  With  each  station  are  associated  several  pro- 
vincial experimental  fields,  which  of  late  have  been  subsidized  hy  the 
Government  in  order  to  encourage  the  establishment  of  other  similar 
institutions.  Beginning  with  1900  the  appropriation  for  these  sub- 
si  dies  was  fixed  at  *71,700  per  annum.  The  territory  assigned  to  the 
Central  Station  includes  the  provinces  of  Tokao,  Kanagawa,  Saitama, 
Gumma,  Chiba,  Ibaraki,  Tochigi,  Yamanashi.  and  Nagano,  of  which 
Kanagawa,  Gumma,  Tochigi,  and  Nagano  maintain  provincial  experi- 
mental fields. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  and  experimental  fields. 

Income.  In  L899  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  Central  Station  and 
the  nine  branch  stations  was  $78,952.92. 


JAPAN. 


167 


Lines  of  work. — Division  of  agronomy:  Selection,  culture,  and 
manuring  of  forage  and  field  crops:  examination  of  seeds  and  plants: 
harvesting,  curing,  and  preserving  agricultural  products:  improvement 
of  farm  implements  and  arable  soils:  irrigation  and  drainage:  breeding 
of  live  stock  and  poultry:  apiculture:  investigation  of  the  relation  of 
cultivation  to  soils,  fertilizers,  and  climatic  conditions:  meteorological 
observations:  distribution  of  seeds  and  plants,  and  the  investigation  of 
present  agricultural  conditions.  Division  of  agricultural  chemistry: 
Analysis  of  agricultural  products,  soils,  fertilizers,  irrigating  waters, 
etc.:  preparation  of  agricultural  products:  analyses  and  experiments 
for  the  public;  inspection  of  commercial  fertilizers  and  feeding  stuffs; 
feeding  experiments  with  live  stock  and  poultry:  chemical  study  of 
vegetable  physiology:  reports  on  the  cultivation  of  soils  and  on  plants, 
fertilizers,  and  poisonous  substances,  and  experiments  on  the  work  of 
other  divisions.  Division  of  entomology:  Classification  and  study  of 
useful  and  injurious  insects  and  animals,  including  the  production  and 
protection  of  useful  insects:  study  of  means  for  destroying  injurious 
insects,  and  a  study  of  climatic,  geographical,  and  other  conditions 
that  are  important  in  the  life  history  of  insects.  The  ravages  of  insects 
are  studied  and  reports  Usued.  Division  of  vegetable  pathology- 
Study  of  plant  diseases,  their  prevention  and  remedies:  production  of 
useful  micro-organisms  and  parasitic  micro-organisms;  preparation  of 
samples  of  pathogenic  micro-organisms:  research  work  in  the  destruc- 
tion of  injurious  micro-organisms:  reports  on  diseases  and  their 
geographical  distribution,  and  pathological  studies.  Division  of 
tobacco:  Selection  and  culture  of  native  and  introduced  tobaccos; 
reports  on  tobacco  soils,  fertilizers,  and  climate:  drying,  sorting,  fer- 
menting, and  preserving  tobacco:  manufacture  of  sample  cigars  and 
cigarettes,  and  the  study  of  tobaccos. 

Each  division  is  also  required  to  conduct  investigations  required  by 
the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce,  to  answer  questions  asked 
by  farmers,  and  to  publish  records  of  the  results  of  its  work. 

Tokyo  Sericultural  Institution,  Nishigahra.  Near  Tokyo. 

Governing  board. — Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  J.  Sawano.  Dir. 

Origin. — Established  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce 
in  1S86. 

Income. — Supported  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 

Lines  of  foork. — At  this  institution  instruction  in  sericulture  is  given 
to  students  and  investigations  are  conducted,  including  experiments  in 
the  rearing  and  feeding  of  silkworms,  the  reeling  of  silk,  and  studies 
of  diseases  of  silkworms. 


168  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Tokai  Branch  Station,  Anjomura,  Aichi. 

Governing  hoard. —  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 

Station  staff. — K.  Abata,  Dir.  and  Agr.;  I.  Naoi,  Chem.;  1.  Ito, 
Agr.  and  Biol.;  S.  Etami,  Asst.  Chem.;  S.  Hoshisaki,  Asst.  Chem.; 
T.  Seshita,  Asst.  Chem.;  W.  Kuroki,  Asst.  Agr.;  E.  Mitsuya,  Farm 
Sujyt.;  T.  Kuroda,  Clerk  and  Accountant. 

Origin. — Established  in  1896.  The  territory  over  which  this  station 
exercises  jurisdiction  includes  the  provinces  of  Aichi,  Miye,  Shiga, 
Shidzuoka,  and  Gifu,  of  which  all  but  the  last  two  maintain  experi- 
mental fields. 

Equipment. — The  Tokai  station  ma}T  be  taken  as  typical  of  the 
branch  stations  in  equipment  and  lines  of  work.  It  is  provided  with 
eleven  buildings  used  as  laboratories,  offices,  residences,  stables,  etc., 
and  an  experimental  field  of  nearly  9  acres.  Through  the  center  of 
the  field  runs  an  irrigating  ditch,  on  one  side  of  which  is  padd}^  soil 
and  on  the  other  dry  land.  The  whole  field  is  laid  out  into  regular 
plats. 

Income. — The  expenses  of  the  branch  stations  are  met  from  a  gen- 
eral appropriation  for  experiment  stations. 

Lines  of  work.. — Pot  experiments  on  the  availability  of  various  forms 
of  nitrogen  and  phosphoric  acid  to  the  rice  plant;  determination  of 
the  availability  of  nitrogen  in  organic  nitrogenous  fertilizers;  influence 
of  soil  and  manure  upon  rice;  availability  of  natural  sources  of  nutri- 
ents to  different  plants;  the  effect  of  various  forms  of  nitrogen  on  the 
production  of  indigo;  the  changes  of  coloring  matter  and  composition 
of  the  indigo  plant  during  its  growth;  preparation  of  indigo  and  dye 
stuffs  from  Polygonum  tinctorium  and  study  of  the  chemical  changes 
which  take  place  during  the  process;  chemical  and  field  experiments 
on  padd}r  and  upland  rice;  variety  tests  of  grasses  and  leguminous 
plants;  variety,  culture,  and  fertilizer  experiments  with  sweet  pota- 
toes, Japanese  upland  cotton,  and  the  indigo  plant. 

Other  Branch  Stations. 
Sanio  Branch  Station,  Gionmura,  Hiroshima. 

Dr.  S.  Shinjo,  Dir.  Established  in  1893.  Territory:  Okayama, 
Hiroshima,  and  Yamaguchi.  The  last  two  provinces  maintain  experi- 
mental fields. 

Rikuu  Branch  Station,  Hanadatemura,  Akita. 

Dr.  T.  Onda,  Dir.  Established  in  1896.  Territory:  Provinces  of 
Awomori,  Yamagata,  and  Akita.  The  last  two  provinces  maintain 
experimental  fields. 


JAVA. 


109 


Kyushyn  Branch  Station.  Idzumimura.  Knmamoto. 

Dr.  Y.  Otzuka,  Dir.  Established  in  1893.  Territory:  Provinces 
of  Ohit,  Saga.  Miyazaki,  Kagoshima,  Okinawa.  Knmamoto.  Nagasaki, 
Fnkuoka.    The  last  three  provinces  maintain  experimental  fields. 

Sanyin  Branch  Station.  Imaichi.  Shimane. 

Dr.  T.  Yamanaka,  Dir.  Established  in  1896.  Territory:  Provinces 
of  Tango.  Tajima.  Tottori.  and  Shimane.  Shimane  maintains  an 
experimental  field. 

Shikoku  Branch  Station.  Kanomyomura.  Tokushima. 

 ,  Dir.    Established  in  1893.    Territory:  Provinces  of 

Tokushima.  Kagawa,  Ehime.  and  Kochi. 

Kinai  Branch  Station.  Kashiwabara.  Osaka. 

Dr.  K.  Okada,  Dir.  Established  in  1893.  Territory:  Osaka. 
Wakayania,  Kyoto,  Hvogo.  and  Nara.  The  last  three  provinces  main- 
tain experimental  fields. 

Hokurikn  Branch  Station.  Matsntomachi,  Ishikawa. 

Dr.  Y.  Kagami,  Dir.  Established  in  1893.  Territory:  Ishikawa. 
Niigata.  Fukui,  and  Toyama.  All  provinces,  except  the  first,  maintain 
experimental  fields. 

Too  Branch  Station.  Magasakimura.  Miyagi. 

Dr.  K.  Ushimura,  Dir.  Established  in  1893.  Territory:  Miyagi. 
Iwati.  and  Fukushima.  The  province  of  Fukushima  maintains  an 
experimental  field. 

JAVA. 

Botanic  Station,  Buitenzorg. 

Station  staff. — -Dr.  M.  Treub,  Dir.  Division  I:  Herbarium  and 
Museum — Dr.  J.  G.  Boerlage.  Chief  and  V.  Dir.,'  P.  Demonchy, 
Cur.  Division  II:  Botany — Dr.  J.  M.  Bernhout,  Bat.  Division  III: 
Experiment  Garden  and  Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory — Dr.  P. 
van  Romburgh,  Chief,  Dr.  W.  R.  Tromp  de  Haas,  Asst.  Chem.;  Dr. 
A.  W.  Nanninga,  Asst.  Chem.  foiy  the  Study  of  Tea;  A.  Massink,  Mgr. 
Division  IV:  Pharmacological  Laboratory — Dr.  W.  G.  Boorsma.  Chief. 
Division  V:  Botanic  Garden  and  Tjibodas  Garden — H.  J.  Wigman, 
Chief  Hart.;  J.  J.  Smith,  Asst.  Chief  Asst.  Hort.;  J.  W.  Heyl, 
Gard.  <it  Tjibodas.  Division  VI:  Offiee,  Library,  and  Photographic 
Studio— J.  J.  Brutel  de  la  Riviere,  Chief;  C.  E.  E.  Lang.  Photog- 
rapher; C.  L.  Schrijn  and  J.  E.  H.  Samuels,  Clerks.    Division  VII: 


170 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Forestry — Dr.  S.  H.  Koorders,  Chief;  Dr.  Th.  Valeton,  Bot.  Division 
VIII:  Tobacco  Laboratory — Dr.  J.  van  Brede  de  Haan,  Chief;  Dr.  A. 
van  Bijlert,  Chan.;  Dr.  E.  C.  J.  Mohr.  Second  Chem.  Division  IX: 
Coffee  Laboratory — Dr.  J.  G.  Kramers,  Chief  Chem . ;  Dr.  A.  Zim- 
merman. Bot.;  Miss  B.  M.  R.  Lang.  Asst.  Division  X:  Agricultural 
Zoological  Laboratory — Dr.  J.  C.  Koningsberger,  Zool. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1817  by  the  Dutch  Government.  In  1885  the 
first  of  the  laboratories  was  opened,  and  in  1890  the  divisions  of  botany 
and  agricultural  chemistry  were  organized  to  make  special  investiga- 
tions in  the  interests  of  colonial  farmers.  Other  divisions  since  organ- 
ized bring  the  number  up  to  ten. 

Equipment. — Botanical  museum  containing  a  large  herbarium; 
pharmacological  laboratory:  two  botanical  laboratories,  one  for  coffee 
and  one  for  tobacco;  agricultural  chemical  laboratory;  greenhouses; 
laboratory  for  vegetable  pathology;  laboratory  of  agricultural  zoology; 
laboratory  for  foreign  investigators;  photographic  studio:  about  1,100 
acres  of  land,  including  a  botanic  garden  of  143  acres,  an  experiment 
garden  of  179  acres,  and  nearly  700acres  of  forest  on  Mount  Tjibodas, 
where  still  another  laboratory  has  been  erected. 

Income. — Supported  partly  by  the  Government,  partly  by  fees,  and 
partly  by  associations  of  planters,  who  pay  the  salaries  of  several  mem- 
bers of  the  staff  engaged  in  agricultural  research  work. 

Lines  of  work. — The  division  of  agricultural  chemistry  and  those  for 
the  study  of  tobacco  and  coffee  are  engaged  almost  exclusively  in 
experimental  investigations  for  the  planters  of  the  island.  Besides 
the  investigations  with  coffee,  tea.  and  tobacco,  which  are  most 
important,  the  work  of  the  station  includes  investigations  in  ento- 
mology, plant  physiology  and  forestry,  fertilizer  experiments,  and 
botanical  investigations  with  tropical  plants  and  trees. 

West  Java  Sugar  Cane  Experiment  Station,  "Kagok,"  Pekalong-an. 

Governing  board. — The  station  is  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
Association  of  Sugar  Manufacturers  of  Cheribon,  Tegal,  and  Peka- 
longan. 

Station  staff. — H.  C.  Prinsen-Geerligs.  Dir.  and  Chem.;  Dr.  Z. 
Kamerling,  Bot.;  M.  van  Deventer,  Asst.  Ent.;  H.  Tervooren,  Asst. 
('h>  n,.;  W.  Hasselman,  Asst.  Agr.;  Th.  Adena,  Bookkeeper. 

Origin. — Founded  at  Tegal  in  1886  by  the  Association  of  Sugar 
Manufacturers  of  Cheribon,  Tegal,  and  Pekalongan;  moved  in  1901 
to  the  present  location. 

Eq ///'/>//? ent. — Laboratory  building  containing  chemical,  botanical, 
control-analytical,  and  other  laboratories:  rooms  for  sterilizers,  polar- 
iscopes,  stock,  etc.;  experimental  held. 

Income. — Supported  by  members  of  the  Association  of  Sugar  Man- 
ufacturers, of  whom  there  are  two  classes:  (1)  Proprietors  of  sugar 


KONGO  FREE  STATE  MALTA. 


171 


plantations,  who  pay  an  annual  tax  of  about  30  cents  per  acre  of  sugar 
cane;  (2)  heads  of  commercial  houses  and  private  persons,  who  are 
assessed  at  least  per  year.  In  this  way  an  annual  income  of  about 
$14,000  is  provided. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural  experiments  with  sugar  cane,  including 
the  introduction  and  propagation  of  improved  varieties;  investigation 
of  means  for  combating  diseases  and  insect  pests  of  sugar  cane,  and  a 
study  of  all  questions  concerning  the  chemistry  and  the  manufacture 
of  sugar. 

Experiment  Station  for  Indigo,  Klatten. 

Station  staff. — J.  J.  Hazewinkel.  Dir. 

East  Java  Sugar  Cane  Experiment  Station,  Pasoeroean. 

Governing  hoard. — A  committee  of  twelve  members  chosen  in  rota- 
tion from  the  membership  of  the  Sugar  Planters'  Association  of  East 
Java. 

Station  staff. — J.  D.  Kobus,  Dir.  and  Chem.;  several  assistants. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1886. 

Equipment.—  Chemical  and  botanical  laboratories,  and  experiment 
gardens. 

Income. — About  $24,000  per  year  paid  by  members  of  the  association, 
This  is  slightly  increased  by  the  sale  of  cane  and  by  fees. 

Lines  of  work. — The  station  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  sugar-cane 
production,  and  its  work  includes  the  analysis  of  fertilizers  and  materi- 
als used  in  the  manufacture  of  cane  sugar:  studies  on  the  diseases  of 
cane  and  on  insects  injurious  to  it:  testingof  varieties,  and  hybridizing, 

KONGO  FREE  STATE. 
Botanical  Garden  and  Experiment  Station,  Coquithatville. 
The  station  was  established  in  1900. 

MALTA. 

Sant'  Antonio  Gardens. 

John  Borg.  Cur. 

Propagation  and  cultivation  of  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  and  of 
fruit  trees,  including  the  olive  and  orange,  and  investigations  of  insects 
affecting  citrus  fruits. 

Argotti  Botanic  Garden.  a 
Dr.  Francesco  Debono,  Cur. 


a  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


172 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


MADAGASCAR. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Nahanisana. :i 

Governing  hoard. — Prudhomme,  who  is  chief  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  in  Madagascar. 
Station  staff. — Fauchere,  Dir. 

The  station  includes  about  34  acres  of  land,  part  of  which  is  a  rice 
plantation,  and  was  organized  to  make  a  survey  of  the  agricultural 
resources  of  the  island  and  to  serve  as  a  center  for  the  dissemination 
of  information  on  agricultural  subjects.  It  is  investigating  means  for 
improving  the  systems  of  culture  now  in  use,  introducing  into  the  col- 
ony plants  of  economic  importance,  and  studying  methods  of  breeding 
and  improving  live  stock. 

MAURITIUS. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Curepipe.  b 

F.  Bijoux. 

Department  of  Forests  and  Botanic  Gardens,  Pamplemousses. b 

J.  Vankeirsbilck. 

Agricultural  Station,  Reduit. 

Governing  hoard. — H.  Leclezio.  Pres.;  W.  T.  A.  Edwards,  W.  New- 
ton. G.  Robinson,  F.  Nash,  G.  Aubie,  C.  Antelme,  the  president  of 
the  Chamber  of  Agriculture;  the  president  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Arts  and  Sciences;  R.  Lejeunne,  Sec. 

Station  staff . — P.  Boname,  Dir.;  A.  Edwards,  Asst.  Dir. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  experimental  held. 

Lines  of  work . — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  manures,  sugar  cane 
and  its  products,  and  miscellaneous  articles;  investigation  of  injurious 
insects;  variety  tests  with  cane;  fertilizing  experiments;  feeding 
experiments  with  cattle;  silage  experiments;  tests  of  various  fodder 
plants,  and  meteorological  observations.   Annual  reports  are  published. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Reduit.  b 

W.  A.  Kennedy,  Dir. 

aSee  Colonial  Garden,  Xogent-Sur-Marne,  France,  p.  99. 
b  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


NATAL  NETHERLANDS. 


173 


NATAL. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Durban.  ■ 

Governing  board.—  Committee  of  Durban  Botanic  Society;  B.  W. 
Greenacre,  Pres.;  F.  W.  Dore,  Sec,;  J.  Medley  Wood,  Treas.;  nine 
other  members. 

Station  staff  .—J .  Medley  Wood.  Our. ;  several  assistants  and  helpers. 

Equipment.—  Buildings  include  a  large  conservatory  and  palm  house, 
several  propagating  houses,  fumigating  and  potting  house,  curator's 
residence,  herbarium  containing  24,000  plants,  and  library.  The 
gardens  are  quite  extensive,  and  portions  of  them  serve  as  a  public 
park. 

Income. —  For  1890,  $12,732.66,  including  Government  grants,  balance 
from  former  year,  receipts  from  produce  sold,  and  subscriptions  and 
donations. 

Lines  of  work. — The  introduction  and  cultivation  of  new  plants; 
experiments  with  fiber  plants,  roots,  trees,  and  shrubs,  many  of  which 
are  of  commercial  importance;  investigation  of  plant  diseases  and 
insect  pests  and  of  means  for  their  suppression;  meteorological  obser- 
vations. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Pietermaritzburg\  ■ 

G.  Mitchell.  Our.  • 

NETHERLANDS. 

CLASSES  OF  EXPERIMENTAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

There  are  in  the  Netherlands  three  classes  of  subsidized  experi- 
mental institutions:  (1)  Government  experiment  stations  and  labor- 
atories, (2)  experimental  fields  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  local 
agricultural  and  horticultural  societies,  and  (8)  demonstration  fields. 
The  latter  are  merely  cooperative  demonstrations  conducted  under  the 
supervision  of  officers  called  Government  instructors  in  agriculture 
and  Government  instructors  in  horticulture,  of  whom  there  is  one  or 
more  for  each  of  the  eleven  provinces  in  the  Netherlands.  Reports  of 
the  cooperative  experiments  are  published  in  the  annual  report  of  the 
minister  of  the  interior. 

Of  institutions  of  the  first-class  there  are  five  Government  experi- 
ment stations,  located  at  Wageningen,  Hoorn,  Goes,  Maastricht,  and 
Groningen;  a  seed  control  station  at  Wageningen,  and  a  laboratory 
of  vegetable  pathology  at  Amsterdam. 

The  general  management  of  these  stations  is  intrusted  to  a  commis- 


1  See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


174  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


sion  consisting"  of  not  less  than  five  nor  more  than  eleven  members,  all 
appointed  by  the  Crown.  The  president,  the  secretary,  and  one  or 
more  additional  members  of  the  committee  constitute  the  executive 
committee  which  has  immediate  charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  station. 
The  commission  makes  annual  reports  to  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

The  director  of  each  station  is  appointed  by  the  Crown;  the  other 
officers — chemists,  botanists,  bacteriologists,  assistants,  etc. — are 
appointed  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  on  recommendation  of  the 
director.  The  directors  of  the  various  stations  form  a  college  which 
meets  at  least  twice  each  }Tear  to  discuss  plans  for  experimental  work 
and  to  lay  out  the  cooperative  experiments  in  charge  of  the  instructors 
in  agriculture  and  horticulture  for  the  several  provinces.  The  direc- 
tors report  annually  to  the  executive  committee  of  the  experiment 
station  commission.  To  each  station  is  assigned  a  certain  territory,  and 
all  questions  arising  in  that  territory  must  be  referred  to  the  station 
within  its  limits. 

Willie  Commelin  Scholten  Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Pathology,  Amsterdam. 

Station  doff. — J.  Ritzema  Bos,  Dir.,'  one  assistant  and  a  stenog- 
rapher. 

Equipm,ent. — Laboratories  at  Amsterdam. 
Income. — Government  subsidy  of  $2,811  per  annum. 
Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  vegetable  pathology  and  economic 
entomology. 

Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Goes. 

Governing  board. — Commission  of  five  to  eleven  members  appointed 
by  the  Crown. 

Station  staff '.— Dr .  A.  J.  8 waving,  Dir.;  one  chemist;  three  assist- 
ants; one  clerk. 

Origin. — Established  in  1889  at  Breda;  removed  in  1893  to  Goes. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  in  the  station  building,  a  garden  sur- 
rounding the  building,  and  experiment  fields  in  the  three  provinces 
served  by  the  station. 

Income. — Annual  appropriations  by  the  Government,  based  on  esti- 
mates by  the  director.  Fees  for  analyses  are  turned  into  the  Govern- 
in  en t  treasuiy. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  farm  products,  fertilizers,  sugar  beets, 
and  butter  for  farmers;  field  experiments  with  fertilizers,  and  soil 
analyses.  Especial  attention  is  given  to  beet  culture  and  the  manu- 
facture of  beet  sugar.  Together  with  the  station  at  Hoorn  this  station 
is  charged  with  the  examination  of  samples  of  butter  taken  according 
to  the  regulations  of  the  pure-butter  law  of  1890.  The  territory 
served  by  this  station  includes  Zeeland,  with  the  South  Holland 


NETHERLANDS. 


175 


islands  of  Goeree  and  Overflakkee.  North  Brabant  and  Limburg 
were  included  in  the  territory  of  this  station  until  1898.  when  Lim- 
burg and  most  of  North  Brabant  were  cut  off. 

Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Groning-en. 

Governing  hoard. —  Commission  of  live  to  eleven  members  appointed 
by  the  Crown. 

Station  staff.— Dr.  B.  Sjollema.  Dir.;  one  chemist;  three  assistants; 
two  clerks. 

Origin. —  Established  in  1889. 

Income. — Annual  appropriations  by  the  Government  based  on  esti- 
mates by  the  director.  Fees  for  analyses  are  turned  into  the  Govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers;  analysis  of  sugar 
beets,  butter,  and  other  farm  products,  and  of  soils;  studies  of  cream- 
ery methods;  investigations  in  organic  chemistry.  This  station  is 
located  in  a  region  where  intensive  culture  is  practiced,  and  it  gives 
especial  attention  to  fertilizers.  Its  territory  includes  Groningen, 
Drente.  and  part  of  Friesland* 

Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Hoorn. 

Governing  hoard.  Commission  of  five  to  eleven  members  appointed 
by  the  Crown. 

Station  staff.  —  Dr.  K.  H.  M.  van  der  Zande.  Dir.;  one  chemist; 
three  assistants;  two  clerks;  and  for  the  bacteriological  division  a  bac- 
teriologist and  one  assistant. 

Origin—  Established  in  1889. 

Equipment. — Experiment  station  laboratories  including  bacterio- 
logical laboratory. 

Income. — Annual  appropriations  by  the  Government  based  on  esti- 
mates by  the  director.  Fees  for  analyses  are  turned  into  the  Govern- 
ment treasury. 

lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  farm  products,  fertilizers,  etc.,  for 
farmers.  This  station  pays  especial  attention  to  dairy  products, 
creamery  methods,  cattle  feeding,  and  together  with  the  station  at 
Goes  is  charged  with  the  examination  of  samples  of  butter.  Its  terri- 
tory includes  the  provinces  of  North  Holland  and  South  Holland, 
except  the  islands  of  Goeree  and  Overliakkee  and  the  pasture  district  of 
Friesland. 

Government  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Maastricht. 

Govi  rning  hoard.  —Commission  of  live  to  eleven  members  appointed 
by  the  ( Irdwn. 

Stat Im,  staff.  Dr.  J.  J.  L.  van  Rijn,  Dir.;  one  assistant;  one  clerk. 
Origin. — Founded  in  the  fall  of  1897. 


176  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment,  — La  bora  to  ry . 

Income. — Annual  appropriations  by  the  Government  based  on  esti- 
mates by  the  director.  Fees  for  analyses  are  turned  into  the  Govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  farm  products,  fertilizers,  soils,  feeding 
stuffs,  samples  of  water,  and  creamery  products  for  farmers  in  the 
districts  of  Limburg  and  part  of  North  Brabant. 

Central  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Wag-eningen. 

Governing  hoard. — Commission  of  rive  to  eleven  members  appointed 
by  the  Crown.  The  actions  of  the  commission  are  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Adolph  Mayer,  Dir.;  one  chemist,  one  assist- 
ant, two  clerks. 

Origin. — Established  by  the  Government  in  1877.  When  stations 
were  organized  at  Breda,  Groningen,  and  Hoorn  this  became  the  cen- 
tral station. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  of  the  Agricultural  College  at  Wagenin 
gen  and  farm  of  18  acres. 

Income. — Annual  appropriations  by  the  Government  based  on  esti- 
mates by  the  director.  Fees  for  analyses  are  turned  into  the  Govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs, 
vegetable  physiology,  fermentations,  and  the  effects  of  climate,  methods 
of  culture,  fertilizers,  and  other  factors  upon  the  development  and 
quality  of  tobacco,  milk,  butter,  and  other  products.  Chemical  analy- 
sis of  soils  to  determine  the  fertilizers  needed  receive  especial  atten- 
tion. The  central  station  is  referee  in  cases  of  dispute  between  seller 
and  purchaser  of  fertilizers.  The  territory  in  charge  of  this  station 
includes  Gelderland,  Overeijsel,  and  Utrecht. 

Government  Seed  Control  Station,  Wag-ening-en. 

Governing  hoard. — Commission  of  rive  to  eleven  members  appointed 
b\T  the  Crown. 

Station  staff. — F.  F.  Bruijning,  jr.,  Dir.;  one  assistant,  two  clerks. 

Origin. — The  Government  Seed  Control  Station  was  a  division  of 
the  experiment  station  at  Wageningen  until  1898,  when  it  was  given 
separate  organization. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  for  seed  investigations. 

Income. — Government  subsid}^  and  fees  for  public  and  private  seed 
control. 

Lines  of  work.-  Testing  seeds  for  purity  and  germination,  control 
of  the  quality  of  seed  sold  in  the  Netherlands,  and  general  scientific 
investigations  on  seeds  and  seed  growing. 


NETHERLANDS. 


177 


Experimental  Fields. 

The  second  class  of  subsidized  experimental  institutions  in  the 
Netherlands — experimental  tields  conducted  under  the  auspices  of 
local  agricultural  and  horticultural  societies,  are  somewhat  more  per- 
manent in  character  than  the  demonstration  tields  or  cooperative 
experiments.    They  include  the  following: 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Gerard  Adriaan  Van  Swieten  Agricultural  School.  Willemsoord. 

A.  A.  Xeeb.  Dir.  and  Instr. 

Experimental  Field.  Sappeneer 

G.  Veenhuizan.  Eaopt.  The  held  is  in  charge  of  an  agricultural 
society  and  devoted  principally  to  testing  potato  fertilizers  and  vari- 
eties of  potatoes. 

Experimental  Field.  Niew-Buinen. 

F.  Schuurman.  Dir.  Established  by  the  Agricultural  Society  of 
Niew-Buinen. 

Propagating  Field  of  the  Friesian  Agricultural  Company.  Suameer. 

K.  L.  De  Vries.  Dir.    Cultural  experiments  with  potatoes. 

Experimental  Field  of  the  Friesian  Horticultural  Society.  Leeuwarden. 

J.  Postma,  Dir.  Variety  tests  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  and  ferti- 
lizer experiments. 

Horticultural  Experiment  Field  of  the  Groningen  Horticultural  Society.  Groningen. 

Experimental  Garden  of  the  Groningen  Division  of  the  Netherlands  Society  for  Horti- 
culture and  Botany.  Groningen. 

Variety  tests  of  vegetables  and  small  fruits. 

Union  for  Establishing  and  Maintaining  the  Pomological  Garden.  Tiel. 

H.  N.  S.  C.  van  der  Sijp.    Variety  tests  of  fruits. 

Association  for  Establishing  and  Maintaining  an  Experiment  Garden,  Aalsmeer. 

Variety  tests. 

Association  "The  Experiment  Garden,"  Boskoop. 

Variety  tests. 

Limburg  Experimental  Gardens,  Maastricht. 

K.  Snellen.  Dir.  Object,  to  establish  demonstration  gardens  and  to 
conduct  experiments. 

22<  1 1 8    No.  112— 02—  1 2 


178 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


NEW  ZEALAND. 
New  Zealand  Department  of  Agriculture,  Welling-ton. 

T.  Y.  Duncan,  Mints,  for  Agr.;  J.  D.  Ritchie,  Sec.  for  Agv.  and 
Chief  Insp.  of  Stock. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture,  through  its  staff  of  scientists  and 
inspectors,  exercises  general  supervision  over  the  agriculture  of  the 
island;  conducts  scientific  investigations  in  chemistry,  bacteriology, 
veterinary  science,  entomology,  etc.;  and  in  addition  to  the  work 
done  at  the  different  experiment  stations  conducts  numerous  experi- 
ments on  leased  farms  in  various  parts  of  the  island.  These  experi- 
ments include  investigations  with  fertilizers,  field  crops,  fruits,  and 
vegetables;  and  experiments  in  dairying,  animal  production,  and  the 
repression  of  injurious  animals  and  insects.  Since  1893  the  depart- 
ment has  published  annual  reports,  and  more  recently  has  begun 
printing  bulletins  and  leaflets  for  the  instruction  of  farmers. 

Colonial  Botanic  Garden',  Aukland.  a 

William  Goldie,  Ranger. 

Colonial  Botanic  Garden,  Christchurch. a 

Ambrose  Taylor,  Head  Gard. 

Colonial  Botanic  Garden,  Dunedin.  a 

J.  McBean,  Supt. 

Colonial  Botanic  Garden,  Invercargill.  a 

Thomas  Waugh,  Head  Gard. 

Canterbury  Agricultural  College,  Lincoln. 

Staff. — William  Lowrie,  Dir.,  Agr.;  G.  Gray,  Cheat.;  C.  O.  Lillie, 
Natural  Sci.;  J.  R.  Charlton,  Vet. 

Equipment. — College  buildings,  farm  of  710  acres,  farm  buildings, 
stock  yards,  implements,  etc. 

Lines  of  work. — Field  experiments,  including  methods  of  culture; 
tests  of  fertilizers,  varieties  of  cereals,  forage  crops  and  roots;  and 
chemical  and  biological  investigations. 

Colonial  Botanic  Garden,  Napier.  a 

W.  Barton,  Supt. 

"See  Royal  ( iardenn,  Kew,  p.  142. 


NEW  ZEALAND. 


179 


Experimental  Station,  Wairangi. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — E.  Clifton,  fnsp.  of  Stock,  in  Charge  of  Audi  and 
District. 

Equipment. — An  area  of  1,800  acres,  of  which  20  acres  are  under 
cultivation.  3  acres  are  in  vineyard,  and  several  acres  are  in  fruit  trees: 
a  bark  mill. 

Zincs  of  work. — The  station  was  established  for  the  purpose  of 
experimenting  with  wattles  {Acacia  decurrens  and  A.  dealbata)  for  the 
production  of  tan  bark.  About  4<>o  acres  were  sown  to  wattles,  which 
in  1900 yielded  about  56  tons  of  tan  bark.  In  1896  an  orchard  and  a 
vineyard  were  set  out  for  the  purpose  of  experimenting  with  fruits 
on  waste  land.  These  experiments  have  been  quite  successful.  Tests 
of  native  grasses  have  been  undertaken  recently. 

Momohaki  Experimental  Station,  Waverly. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff.— Gillanders. Overseer;  W.  J.  Palmer,  Nurseryman, 

Equipment. — The  farm  contains  an  orchard  of  7  acres,  an  arbore- 
tum, nursery,  and  experimental  plats,  and  supports  in  horses.  45  cattle, 
nearly  1,200  sheep.  675  chickens,  and  L66  ducks. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  are  conducted  with  root  crops,  garden 
vegetables,  cereals,  grasses,  hedge  plants,  fruits,  and  manures.  Large 
quantities  of  nursery  stock  are  distributed  annually,  meteorological 
observations  are  taken,  and  experiments  in  raising  cattle,  sheep,  and 
poultry  are  conducted. 

Colonial  Botanic  Garden,  Welling-ton.* 

G.  Gibb.  Head  Gard\ 

Experimental  Station,  Weraroa. 

Governing  board.  —  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  .staff. — G.  Koss.  Overseer. 

Origin. — This  station  was  formerly  the  Levin  State  Farm,  but  in 
r.Mio  it  was  reorganized  and  put  in  charge  of  the  present  overseer. 

Equipment.  —  Farm  buildings,  orchards,  live  stock,  and  about  800 
acres  of  land. 

Income. — Supported  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  During 
the  fiscal  year  ended  March  31.  1901,  the  total  expenditures  were 
£13,735. 

Lines  of  work. — The  work  of  the  past  year  has  consisted  mostly  of 
clearing,  fencing,  and  draining  land,  but  some  experiments  with  farm 
crops  and  cattle  were  conducted.  As  soon  as  practicable,  experiments 
in  fruit  growing  and  dairying  will  be  undertaken. 

"See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


ISO 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


NORWAY. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Christiania. 

T.  Lochen.  Sec.  of  Agr.;  J.  Smith.  Dir.  of  Agr.;  Dr.  O.  Malm, 
Dir.  of  Vet.  Service;  M.  M.  Seiner.  Dir.  of  Far.;  J.  L.  Hirsch,  Dir. 
of  Agr.  Academy. 

With  one  or  two  exceptions  the  experiment  stations,  control  stations, 
and  laboratories  of  Norway  are  under  the  direct  control  of  the  secre- 
tary of  agriculture  or  other  officers  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 
The  experiment  station  and  chemical  laboratory  connected  with  the 
Agricultural  High  School  at  Aas  are  under  the  control  of  the  director 
of  the  high  school,  who  is  an  officer  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture. The  director  of  the  Veterinary  Pathological  Institute  and  Ani- 
mal Vaccine  Institute  at  Christiania  is  also  an  officer  of  the  Depart- 
ment. All  stations  under  the  direction  of  the  Department  receive 
subsidies  from  the  Government,  and  the  control  stations  also  receive 
fees  for  all  work  of  a  private  nature. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  High  School,  Aas. 

Governing  boa/rd. — The  director  of  the  Agricultural  High  School, 
who  is  responsible  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff.  —  Bastian  R.  Larsen,  Dir.;  Morton  F.  Nilssen,  Asst.; 
Karl  A.  Husen,  Form.,  of  Farm;  several  assistants  who  superintend 
cooperative  experiments.  The  director  of  the  station  is  professor  of 
agronomy  in  the  Agricultural  High  School. 

0?*igin. — In  1898  the  Agricultural  High  School  took  up  the  experi- 
mental work  begun  in  1889  by  the  Society  for  Norway's  Weal. 

Equij^ment. — The  station  uses  the  botanical  and  other  laboratories, 
the  plant  house,  and  the  forcing  house  of  the  Agricultural  High 
School,  and  has  besides  an  experimental  farm  which  is  provided  with 
the  ordinary  farm  buildings  and  implements. 

Income. — The  budget  of  the  station  is  included  in  that  of  the  Agri- 
cultural High  School.  During  the  last  two  years  (1900  and  1901)  the 
annual  budget  for  experimental  purposes  has  been  £4.368. 

Lines  of  work. — Variety  tests  with  barley,  oats,  and  other  cereals, 
and  with  clovers,  lupines,  root  crops,  and  miscellaneous  crops;  and 
experiments  with  various  systems  of  rotation.  Most  of  the  experi- 
ments are  cooperative.  The  results  obtained  at  Aas  are  tested  locally 
by  experiments  conducted  by  rield  directors  on  150  private  farms  in 
different  parts  of  Norway.  The  results  of  the  work  are  published  in 
the  annual  report  of  the  secretary  of  agriculture  and  in  occasional  con- 
tributions to  the  agricultural  press. 


NORWAY. 


181 


Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Agricultural  High  School,  Aas. 

Station  staff. — J.  Sebelien,  Dir.;  one  assistant;  one  helper. 

The  chemical  department  of  the  Agricultural  High  Schorl  has  no 
special  appropriation  for  investigational  purposes,  and  yet  the  chemist 
has  conducted  important  investigations  with  soils,  chemical  fertilizers, 
manures,  root  crops,  feeding  stuffs,  milk,  etc.,  and  has  published 
numerous  papers  on  these  investigations. 

Milk  Control  Station,  Berg-en. 

Station  staff. — H.  Lundgaard,  Dir.  The  station  has  no  officers 
besides  the  director. 

Origin—  Established  in  1896. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  provided  with  butyrometer  and  other 
apparatus. 

Income. — State  subsidy  of  $676  and  fees.  The  fee  for  testing  a 
single  sample  of  milk  is  2.7  cents;  for  large  numbers,  half  as  much 
per  sample. 

Lines  of  work. — Determination  of  fat  content  of  samples  of  milk 
sent  in  by  creameries  and  farmers.  In  1899,  10,120  samples  were 
tested. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Control  Station,  Christiania. 

Governiraj  hoard* — The  director  reports  directly  to  the  secretary  of 
agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Sigmund  Hals,  Dir.  an<1  (lorn.;  F.  N.  Moe  and  Arne 
Kavli,  Assts.  Chan.;  E.  J.  Michelet,  Pharm.;  Olaf  H.  Qvam,  Bot. 
in  Charge  of  Seed  Con  trot. 

Origin. — Organized  in  L891;  began  research  work  in  1892.  Previous 
to  that  time,  since  1803,  the  department  of  chemistry  of  the  Agricul- 
tural High  School  at  Aas  had  made  analyses  of  agricultural  products 
for  private  parties,  for  which  purpose  the  Society  for  Norway's  Weal 
or  the  Government  made  small  appropriations.  This  station,  however, 
has  no  connection  with  the  Agricultural  High  School  at  Aas.  The 
seed  control  division  was  established  in  1901. 

Equipment. — A  well-equipped  laboratory  in  a  private  dwelling. 

Income. — Budget  from  State  for  1901,  including  salaries,  $6,592.80. 
Fees  for  analyses  will  amount  to  about  $125. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  feeding  stuffs,  dairy  products,  fertilizers, 
soils,  water,  etc.;  original  investigations  to  determine  the  best  methods 
of  estimating  fat  in  milk  and  cheese,  and  of  analyzing  soils;  cooperative 
fertilizer  experiments;  investigation  of  various  fodders  and  concen- 
trated feeding  stuffs  and  of  the  poisonous  constituents  of  rape  seed 
cake;  comparison  of  the  fat  of  cow's  milk,  goat's  milk,  and  reindeer 


182 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


milk,  and  experiments  in  sugar-beet  culture.  In  1899,  1,718  samples 
were  analyzed.  The  work  of  the  station  is  published  in  the  annual 
report  of  the  secretary  of  agriculture  and  in  agricultural  papers. 

Milk  Control  Station,  Christiania. 

Station  staff. — H.  Olsen,  Dir.  The  station  has  no  officers  besides 
the  director. 

Origin.—  Established  in  1894. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  provided  with  apparatus  for  testing  milk. 

Income — State  subsidy  of  $676  and  fees.  The  fee  for  testing  a 
smgle  sample  of  milk  is  2.T  cents;  for  large  numbers,  half  as  much 
per  sample. 

Lines  of  work.  ^-Determination  of  fat  in  samples  of  milk  sent  in  by 
creameries  and  farmers.    In  1899  39,158  samples  were  analyzed. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Christiania. 

Station  staff. — Miss  C.  Steen,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  apparatus  for  seed  testing. 

Income.— -For  1899,  1428.80  (State,  294.SO;  fees,  $134). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purhyv,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc.  In  1899,  234  samples 
were  analyzed. 

Veterinary  Pathological  and  Animal  Vaccine  Institutes,  Christiania. 

Governing  board. — For  the  Veterinary  Pathological  Institute:  The 
Department  of  Agriculture  represented  by  the  director-general  of  the 
Veterinary  Service.  For  the  Animal  Vaccine  Institute:  The  Medical 
Service  of  the  Department  of  Police. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  O.  Malm,  Dir.:  several  assistants  and  helpers. 

Origin.—  Established  in  October,  1900.  The  two  institutions, 
although  under  different  governing  boards,  are  in  the  same  building 
and  under  the  same  director. 

Equipment. — A  centrally  located  building  which  contains  a  library; 
two  offices;  dwelling  for  the  keeper;  four  laboratories:  museum;  two 
rooms  for  vaccine  calves  and  for  the  production  of  lymph;  one  room 
for  the  slaughtering  and  postmortem  work;  two  rooms  for  infected 
animals;  stable;  cow  shed;  one  room  for  health}'  rabbits,  guinea  pigs, 
rats,  and  mice;  pigeon  house;  courtyard  for  larger  animals,  and 
Enclosures  for  smaller  animals  during  the  summer. 

Income— For  1900,  $4,260  (lor  the  Veterinary  Pathological  Insti- 
tute, $2,640;  for  the  Animal  Vaccine  Institute,  ^1,020).  These  funds 
arc  appropriated  by  the  Government. 


NORWAY. 


183 


Lines  of  work. — The  Veterinary  Pathological  Institute  conducts 
experiments  and  investigations  in  veterinary  science  of  a  pathological 
and  bacteriological  nature;  examines  animals  sent  in  by  veterinary 
surgeons  and  farmers:  produces  tuberculin,  which  is  distributed 
gratis  to  veterinary  surgeons,  except  when  used  for  testing  animals 
imported  to  the  quarantine  stations,  and  conducts,  once  a  year,  courses 
in  bacteriology,  histologr.  and  milk  control  for  veterinary  surgeons 
who  have  received  fellowships  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

The  Animal  Vaccine  Institute  produces  and  furnishes  gratis  to  phy- 
sicians and  authorized  vaccinators  all  the  vaccine  that  is  used  in  Nor- 
way. Between  00.000  and  90,000  samples  of  vaccine  are  distributed 
annually. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Hamar. 

Station  staff. — Jon  Reid,  Dir. 
Origin.—  Established  in  1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  apparatus  for  seed  testing. 
Income. — Small  subsidy  from  Hedemarken  County  and  fees. 
Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Entomological  Laboratory,  Nordstrand,  near  Christiania. 

Station  staff . — Wilhelm  M.  Sch0yen,  Dir.  and  State  Eni. 

At  the  State  Entomological  Laboratory  the  entomologist  investigates 
spraying  apparatus  and  materials,  studies  injurious  insects  and  fungus 
and  bacterial  diseases  of  plants,  and  disseminates  information  regard- 
ing means  for  suppressing  these  pest-;  and  diseases.  In  1899  183 
investigations  were  carried  out.  The  entomologist's  duties  as  State 
inspector  take  him  to  all  parts  of  the  country. 

Milk  Control  Station,  Trondhjem. 

Station  staff. — Th.  Soelberg.  Dir.  The  station  has  no  officers  besides 
the  director. 

Origin. — Established  in  1894. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  provided  with  butyrometer  and  other 
apparatus  for  testing  milk. 

Income. — State  subsidy  of  $676  and  fees.  The  fee  for  testing  a 
single  sample  of  milk  is  2.7  cents;  for  large  numbers,  half  as  much  per 
sample. 

Lines  of  work. — Determination  of  fat  in  samples  of  milk  sent  in  by 
creameries  and  farmers.    In  1899  55,162  samples  were  tested. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Control  Station,  Trondhjem. 

Govern ing  hoard.  —  Under  direct  control  of  the  secretary  of  agri- 
culture. 


184  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Station  staff. — Dr.  E.  Solberg,  Dir.;  J.  Glomstad.  Asst.;  one  helper. 

Origin. — The  buildings  were  constructed  in  1898,  and  work  was 
begun  January  2,  1899. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  costing  Si, 790  and  library  containing  166 
volumes. 

Income. — State  subsidy  and  fees. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs, 
soils,  milk  and  dairy  products,  etc.  In  1899  3o6  samples  were 
analyzed. 

Seed  Control  Station.  Trondhjem. 

Station  staff. — K.  Schoyen,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  apparatus  for  seed  testing. 
Income. — Small  subsidy  from  Trondhjem  County  and  fees. 
Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

PARAGUAY. 

School  of  Agriculture  and  Model  Farm,  Asuncion. 

Staff. — Moises  S.  Bertoni.  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  study  of  natural  and  manufactured 
products  of  the  country:  meteorological  observations  for  the  purpose 
of  studying  the  effect  of  climate  on  vegetation:  experimental  study  of 
the  elements  concerned  in  the  development  of  cultivated  plants:  study 
of  varieties,  composition,  productiveness,  acclimatization,  etc..  of  culti- 
vated plants. 

PORTUGAL. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Lisbon. 

Governing  l><><ird. — Under  control  of  the  AgTicultural  and  Veterinary 
Institute  (Alv.  Pereira.  Dir.).  with  which  it  is  connected. 

Station  staff. — Ramiro  Larcher  Marcal.  Dir.  andAgr. :  Gabr.  Osorio 
de  Barros,  jr.,  V.  Dir.;  Dr.  Otto  Klein.  Chem.;  Dr.  A.  Wellmann, 
Chem.;  A.  Cardoso  Pereira.  Bart.;  Jose  Verrissimo  de  Almeida.  Veg. 
Path.;  several  assistants. 

Origin. — The  Agricultural  and  Veterinary  Institute  was  organized 
in  1852  under  the  name  of  the  Agricultural  Institute  of  Lisbon.  It 
has  since  been  reorganized  four  times,  namely,  in  1861, 1886. 1891.  and 
1897,  but  still  occupies  the  buildings  first  erected  for  its  use. 

Equipment. — The  buildings  of  the  institute  used  for  research  work 
are  the  main  building  and  a  chemical  building.  In  the  main  building 
there  are  offices  and  laboratories  for  the  work  in  vegetable  pathology, 
fermentation,  and  dairying.    In  the  chemical  building  are  several 


UOITMANI A  RUSSIA 


185 


chemical  laboratories,  a  bacteriological  laboratory,  a  balance  room, 
workrooms,  etc.  There  is  also  an  experimental  held  in  connection 
with  the  institute. 

Lines  of  work. — The  work  of  this  station  is  not  very  clearly  denned. 
The  staff  of  the  Agricultural  and  Veterinary  Institute,  in  addition  to 
giving  instruction  to  students,  conduct  some  investigations  in  agricul- 
tural chemistry  and  vegetable  pathology,  study  diseases  of  animals, 
prepare  vaccine,  investigate  problems  in  the  fermentation  of  wine,  and 
conduct  some  held  experiments. 

Laboratory  of  Vegetable  Pathology,  Lisbon. 

This  laboratory  is  maintained  in  connection  with  the  Bureau  of  Agri- 
culture, which  is  a  division  of  the  Ministry  of  Public  Works,  Com- 
merce, and  Industry. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Mirandella. 

This  station  is  maintained  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  agricul- 
ture in  the  Province  of  Tras  os  Montes. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Oporto. 

Station  staff. — Palma  de  Vilhena,  Dir.;  Dr.  Antonio  Magalhaes, 
Oherri.;  Dr.  P.  Riehmelt,  Cliem. 

ROUMANIA. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bucharest. 

Cornelius  Roman,  Dir. 
Established  in  1887. 

Chemical  Laboratory  and.  Experiment  Station  for  Tobacco  Culture, 

Bucharest. 

Dr.  Maximilian  Popovici,  Dir. 

Zootechnical  Institute,  Bucharest. 

A.  J.  Locus teanu,  Dir. 

Experiment  Field  for  Forage  Plants  and  Irrigation  Experiments,  Constante. 
C.  Roman,  Dir. 

RUSSIA. 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains,  St.  Petersburg*. 

A.  S.  Yermolow,  Sec.  of  Agr.  and  Im /><  rial  Domains,'  A.  Steven, 
Asst.  Sec;  Khomikow,  Dir.  of  Agr.;  Th.  Nikitine,  Dir.  of  For.; 


186  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Jassa,  Dir.  ofMin.;  Tikheiew,  Dir.  of  Domains;  Lebedew,  Chancellor; 
D.  Timiz}Tazev,  Dir.  of  Ayr.  Econ.  and  statistics. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains  as  at  present 
constituted  was  organized  in  1894.  It  comprises  divisions  of  agricul- 
ture, forests,  mines,  and  domains.  Quite  recently  there  has  been 
established  a  system  of  commissioners  of  agriculture  to  preside  over 
the  agricultural  affairs  in  their  respective  provinces  or  governments  and 
to  seek  to  promote  and  improve  the  agricultural  conditions  in  general. 
These  commissioners  have  charge  of  all  public  measures  relating  to 
agriculture  and  rural  affairs,  and  exercise  supervision  over  all  local 
agricultural  institutions  maintained  by  the  Government.  They  inquire 
into  the  agricultural  needs  of  their  respective  governments,  recom- 
mend Government  aid  for  such  local  or  private  enterprises  as  merit 
special  encouragement,  and  are  charged  with  the  administration  of  the 
system  of  Government  loans  on  agricultural  improvements  and  bounties 
for  the  encouragement  of  farm  industries.  They  are  expected  to  take 
an  active  part  in  provincial  and  municipal  agricultural  meetings,  and 
to  maintain  close  relations  with  all  societies  and  conventions  of  farmers. 

Connected  with  the  commissioners'  offices  are  corps  of  agricultural 
specialists  and  instructors  who  are  assigned  to  the  Avork  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains.  They  go  out  among  the 
landowners  and  peasants  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  data  regarding 
the  actual  condition  of  various  branches  of  agriculture,  to  diffuse 
general  information  on  agricultural  topics,  and  endeavor  to  improve 
the  methods  and  practices  in  vogue.  At  the  request  of  farmers  thej- 
visit  farms  to  give  expert  advice  on  questions  of  management,  and 
they  take  active  measures  for  the  repression  of  insects,  injurious 
animals,  and  plant  diseases.  The  department  cooperates  with  these 
various  agencies  by  the  issue  of  manuals  and  other  publications  and 
the  commissioners  recommend  to  the  department  such  measures  for 
the  improvement  of  agricultural  conditions  in  their  respective  govern- 
ments as  seem  to  them  desirable. 

Experiment  stations  in  Russia  have  been  established  by  private  per- 
sons, b}T  societies,  by  provincial  or  district  governments  (zemstvos), 
and  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains.  Many 
of  them  are  merely  demonstration  fields  established  for  the  purpose  of 
instructing  the  peasants,  or  of  introducing  new  agricultural  industries; 
others  have  been  established  as  centers  for  the  production  and  distri- 
bution of  improved  varieties  of  seeds  and  plants,  and  some  are  con- 
ducted as  institutions  for  research.  These  stations  are  investigating 
a  wide  range  of  subjects,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  questions 
relating  to  the  production  o*  tobacco,  beet  sugar,  wine,  silk,  cotton, 
olives,  tea,  and  other  products.  They  are  also  conducting  investiga- 
tions  in  chemistry,  bacteriology,  botany,  dairying,  agronomy,  irriga- 
tion, and  forestry. 


RUSSIA. 


187 


Agricultural  Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Abo,  Finland. 

Governing  board. — Imperial  Finnish  Economic  Society. 
Station  staff. — Daniel  Langerlof.  Dir. 

Income. — The  station  is  supported  by  the  State  and  the  city  of  Abo. 
Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  agricultural  supplies  and  products  and 
seed  testing. 

Nursery  of  Grapevines,  Aleshki,  Govt.  Taurida. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1896. 

Lines  of  work. — Introduction  of  American  vines  in  localities  infested 
with  phylloxera,  and  experiments  with  different  varieties  of  American 
and  European  vines  to  determine  varieties  and  methods  best  adapted 
to  the  sandy  soils  of  the  region. 

Nursery  for  Olive  Trees,  Artvina,  Govt.  Kutais,  Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1898  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  for  the  improvement  of  varieties  of 
olives  and  of  methods  of  preserving  them  and  extracting  their  oil. 
The  nursery  supplies  the  people  of  the  district  with  young  olive  and 
other  fruit  trees  of  improved  varieties,  and  has  begun  experiment-  in 
drying  fruit-. 

Laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of  Fish  and  Seal  Industries,  Astrakhan,  Govt. 

Astrakhan. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory,  bacteriological  cabinet,  photo- 
graphic apparatus,  museum,  and  library. 

Lines  of  work. — Study  of  the  nature  of  fish  poison,  analysis  of  the 
waters  and  soils  of  the  Volga  Delta,  experiments  in  the  purification 
of  seal  fat.  experiments  with  cultures  of  mouse  typhus,  and  the  deter- 
mination of  the  salt  content  of  the  water  of  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Experiment  Field,  Bodrowiz,  Govt.  Kiev. 

Staff. — K.  J.  Derinissenko, Dir. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Near  Bogodukhov,  Govt.  Kharkov. 

Origin. — Founded  by  P.  I.  Kharitonenko  on  the  Parkhomov  estate. 

Equipment. — Chemical  and  "selection"  laboratories,  experiment 
field,  experiment  plats  in  various  parts  of  the  estate,  and  a  meteorolog- 
ical station. 

Income. — The  station  is  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  founder, 
who  allows  S8 j M.K)  annually  for  its  support. 

Lines  of  work, — Manurial  experiments  with  sugar  beets,  variety 


188  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


tests,  selection  experiments  with  sugar  beets  to  obtain  seeds  for  the 
beet  fields  on  the  estate  of  the  founder,  investigation  of  the  soils  of 
the  estate,  study  of  diseases  of  the  sugar  beet.  The  station  has  made 
important  investigations  of  the  diseases  which  cause  the  roots  of  sugar 
beets  to  shrivel. 

Vuisokolitovsk  Experiment  Field,  Brest,  Govt.  Gradno. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  Countess  M.  Pototski. 
Lines  of  work.  — Testing  and  acclimatizing  different  varieties  of 
cereals  and  other  cultivated  plants. 

Experiment  Field,  Bug-uruslan,  Govt.  Samara. 

Staff.—  Teitel,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896  by  the  district  zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work. — P^laboration  of  rational  methods  of  cultivation,  fer- 
tilizer experiments,  and  the  study  of  measures  which  ma}7  lead  to 
decreasing  the  injurious  effects  of  droughts. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Kharkov  Society  for  Agriculture  and  Agricultural 
Industries,  Byelg-orod,  Govt.  Kursk. 

i 

Origin. — Founded  in  1886  on  the  Novotavolzhanka  estate. 
Lines  of  work. — Variety  tests  and  fertilizer  experiments  with  sugar, 
beets  and  the  elaboration  of  methods  of  seed  selection. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Chojnowo,  Poland. 

Governing  board. — Committee  of  five.  ; 
Station  staff. — Dr.  Casimir  Rogoyski,  Dir. 

Origin. — Organized  in  1899  by  an  association  of  thirty  landholders. 
Equipment. — Laboratory  and  field  of  55  acres  for  experiments. 
Income.—  About  $1,600. 

Lines  of  work. — Soil  studies,  including  analyses  and  vegetation  ex- 
periments; examination  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  and  seeds;  field! 
experiments,  and  seed  production. 

TJyutnoe  Experiment  Field,  Dmitriev,  Govt.  Kursk. 

Origin. — Founded  by  T.  P.  Vangengain,  cooperating  with  the  pro- 
vincial and  district  zemstvos. 

Lines  of  work. — Fruit-culture  experiments  and  experiments  in  the! 
cultivation  of  buckwheat. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Station,  near  Dorog-obush,  Govt.  Smolensk. 

Station  staff. — R.  A.  Djakonow,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896  by  the  State  on  the  Batishchevo  Estate. 
Lines  of  work.  — Fertilizer  experiments  to  determine  the  influence 
of  phosphates  on  rye  and  of  kainit  on  clover  and  flax. 


RUSSIA. 


189 


Experiment  Field,  Elabug-,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  by  the  Vyatka  Provincial  Zemstvo. 
Equipment. — Field,  garden,  apiary,  orchard,  and  nursery. 
Lines  of  work: — Fertilizer  experiments  and  variety  tests. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Eletz  Agricultural  Society,  Eletz,  Govt.  Orel. 

Origin, — Founded  in  1898. 

Lines  of  work. — Fertilizer  experiments,  the  study  of  fodder  plants 
suitable  to  the  region,  and  experiments  in  soil  cultivation. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  near  Garvolonsk,  Poland. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1886  by  the  Warsaw  Society  of  Agricultural 
Colonies  and  Industrial  Homes  on  the  Sobyeshin  Estate  donated  by 
Count  Kitski. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory,  meteorological  station,  seed-test- 
ing laboratory,  and  two  experiment  fields. 

Lines  of  work. — Variety  tests,  acclimatization  of  new  plants,  ferti- 
lizer experiments,  study  of  methods  of  soil  cultivation  and  the  use  of 
agricultural  implements,  the  giving  of  directions  and  advice  on  various 
agricultural  questions,  such  as  methods  of  destroying  injurious  insects, 
etc. 

Experiment  Field,  Glazov,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  by  the  peasants  of  the  village  of  Kaleva. 
aided  by  the  district  zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work. — Trial  of  an  8-course  rotation  to  determine  its  advan- 
tages over  the  3-course  rotation  practiced  by  the  peasants. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Gorki  Agricultural  School,  Gorki,  Govt. 

Mogilev. 

Origin. — Founded  in  L897. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing;  botanical  analysis  of  hay;  and  the 
analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  and  fodders. 

Flax  Culture  Station,  Gorodische,  Govt.  Kostroma. 

Station  st<tfi. — Kornev,  Dir. 
Origin. —  Founded  in  1894. 

Income.  -Appropriations  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains  and  the  Kostroma  Provincial  Zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work.-  Experiments  in  H:i  x  retting,  the  introdution  among 
the  people  of  rational  methods  of  preparing  tiax  fiber,  instruction  in 
flax  culture,  and  fertilizer  experiments. 


190 


EXPERIMENT   STATIONS  IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  and  Commercial  Chemical  Laboratory,  Helsing-fors,  Finland 

Governing  hoard. — Under  the  control  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture and  Imperial  Domains. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1880. 

Income. — Annual  subsidies  from  the  Imperial  Finnish  Agricultural 
Society  and  from  the  Helsingfors  Municipal  Zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Analysis  of  fertilizers,  fodders,  oils,  etc..  and  seed 
testing. 

Experiment  Cotton  Field,  Karayazi,  Govt.  Tiflis,  Caucasus. 

Staff.— N.  P.  Taratinov.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1892  by  the  Ministry  of  Imperial  Domains. 

Equipment. — About  250  acres  of  land  with  barns,  dwellings,  etc.; 
meteorological  station:  nursery,  and  stock  farm  for  mules  and  sheep. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Experiments  in  cultivating  cotton;  demonstration 
of  rational  methods  of  culture,  and  experiments  with  various  held  and 
orchard  plants,  with  and  without  irrigation,  for  the  purpose  of  accli- 
matizing and  introducing  them  into  eastern  Trans-Caucasia.  Seeds  of 
cotton  and  other  plants  are  distributed  among  farmers. 

Bacteriological  Station  of  the  Kazan  Veterinary  Institute,  Kazan,  Govt. 

Kazan. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1814  with  financial  aid  from  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Inoculation  for  the  prevention  of  anthrax,  free  dis- 
tribution of  cultures  of  mouse  typhus,  and  the  application  of  mallein 
and  tuberculin. 

Experiment  Field,  Khabarovsk,  Govt.  Maritime,  Siberia. 

Staff.  — Gag  i  n .  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  <>/  iron!,'. — Acclimatization  of  the  best  varieties  of  cultivated 
plants,  production  of  seeds  to  be  distributed  among  the  farmers,  and 
the  development  of  a  system  of  soil  cultivation  adapted  to  the  region. 

Experiment  Field,  Khakanovsk,  Govt.  Terek,  Caucasus. 

Staff. — Kartzov,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
inperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Measures  are  being  tried  to  improve  the  condition 
of  agriculture,  which  is  very  low  in  that  region.  The  cultivation  of 
the  castor  bean  is  developing  considerably  under  the  influence  of  the 
staff  of  the  experiment  held. 


KUSSIA. 


191 


Bacteriological  Station  of  the  Kharkov  Veterinary  Institute,  Kharkov,  Govt  . 

Kharkov. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1888  by  the  Ministry  of  Imperial  Domains. 

Income. — A  State  subsidy  of  about  $2,500  per  annum. 

Lines  of  work. — During  the  first  few  years  of  its  activity  the  labora- 
tory experimented  in  preventive  inoculation  for  anthrax,  and  in  1893 
it  began  to  prepare  and  distribute  mallein  for  the  diagnosis  of  glanders 
in  horses  and  to  test  the  vaccine  for  anthrax  prepared  by  Tsenkovski 
and  Pasteur.  Experiments  were  made  to  determine  the  microbe  which 
causes  cattle  plague.  Since  1895  examinations  of  tuberculous  cattle 
have  been  made  on  the  farm  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Kharkov  Agricultural  School,  Kharkov,  Govt. 

Kharkov. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing,  and  the  botanical  analysis  of  hay. 
Experiment  Field,  Kherson,  Govt.  Kherson. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890  by  the  Kherson  Provincial  Zemstvo. 

Equvpna  nt. — Laboratory,  greenhouse  with  portable  tables  for  experi- 
ments in  plant  physiology,  and  an  experimental  vineyard. 

Income. — The  field  receives  annually  $1,287.50  from  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. — Elaboration  of  rational  methods  of  farming  as 
applied  to  local  conditions  of  soil  and  climate  and  the  dissemination  of 
information  on  the  results  obtained;  experiments  with  barnyard 
manure,  green  manure  and  mineral  fertilizers  and  with  various 
methods  of  fallowing;  experiments  in  combating  fungus  diseases  of 
cereals.  In  the  laboratory,  hothouse  and  fields  extensive  experiments 
are  conducted  to  determine  the  amount  of  water  evaporated  by  spring 
wheat  during  its  growth. 

Seed  Control  Station  and  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  South  Russian  Society 
for  Promoting  Agriculture  and  Rural  Industries,  Kiev,  Govt.  Kiev. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Seed  testing,  and  the  analysis  of  agricultural  prod- 
ucts and  supplies. 

Seed  Control  Station  of  the  Kiev  Society  of  Agriculture  and  Agricultural 
Industries,  Kiev,  Govt.  Kiev. 

Station  staff. — J.  Bardsilevski,  Dir. 
Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing. 

Technical  Laboratory  of  the  Kiev  Section  of  the  Russian  Technical  Society, 

Kiev,  Govt.  Kiev. 


Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers  and  agricultural  products. 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Experiment  Station  of  the  Bessarabian  School  of  Wine  Making-,  Kishinev, 

Govt.  Bessarabia. 

Station  staff. — N.  G.  Kotelnikov.  Dir. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1895. 

Equipment. — Experimental  vineyard,  technical  and  yeast  laborato- 
ries, meteorological  station,  and  wine  cellar. 

Linesof  work. — The  study  of  soils,  of  European  and  American  vines 
to  ascertain  those  best  adapted  to  the  region,  and  of  various  methods 
of  making  and  keeping  wine:  study  and  analysis  of  local  wines:  and 
experiments  in  various  methods  of  culture,  in  heeling  and  fertilizing 
grapevines,  and  in  fermenting  with  pure  yeast  culture-. 

Experiment  Field,  Klin,  Govt.  Moscow. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  on  the  Krasni  Kholm  Estate. 
Lines  of  work. — Field  culture  experiments. 

Buzov  Experiment  Field,  Kotelnich,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  district  zemstvo. 

Linesof  work. — Grass  raising,  and  experiments  in  the  improvement 
of  waste  lands  by  the  use  of  clover  and  phosphates. 

Buzinovsk  Nursery  of  Grapevines,  Kuchurg-an,  Govt.  Kherson. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiment-  with  American  vines  to  ascertain  the 
varieties  best  adapted  to  the  local  conditions,  instruction  to  the  people 
in  grafting  vines,  and  distribution  of  American  and  European  vines 
among  the  people. 

Experiment  Field,  Kungura,  Govt.  Perm. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890  by  the  Kungura  District  Zemstvo. 
Equipment. — Garden,  orchard,  apiary,  and  stables  for  cattle. 
Lines  of  work. — Familiarizing  peasants  with  improved  methods  of 
soil  cultivation  and  supplying  them  with  improved  seeds. 

Experiment  Cotton  Field,  Kutais,  Govt.  Kutais,  Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domain.-. 

Lines  of  work.  —  Experiments  in  the  cultivation  of  cotton:  instruc- 
tion to  the  people  in  rational  methods  of  culture;  experiments  in  the 
cultivation  of  peanuts,  fodder  corn,  beets,  alfalfa,  olives,  tea.  etc.; 
and  the  free  disl ribution  of  seeds. 


KDSSIA. 


193 


Sakarsk  Nursery  of  American  Vines,  Kvirila,  Govt.  Kutais,  Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890. 

Equipment. — Nurseries,  laboratories,  meteorological  station,  and 
museum. 

Lines  of  work, — Cultivation  of  American  vines  for  distribution 
among  the  people,  investigation  of  the  soils  of  Kutais  government, 
observations  and  investigations  on  the  biology  of  phylloxera,  and  the 
study  of  measures  for  destroying  phylloxera. 

Askhabad  Experiment  Cotton  Field,  Kyoshi,  Trans-Caspian  Region. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Demonstration  of  rational  cotton  culture;  study  of 
the  influence  of  irrigation  on  yield  of  cotton;  experiments  in  the  rota- 
tion of  other  crops  with  cotton;  variety  tests;  acclimatization  and  cul- 
tivation of  different  varieties  of  wheat,  corn,  sorghum,  peas,  and  other 
crops. 

Station  for  Seed  Selection  and  Experiment  Field  of  the  Pliskovo  Beet- 
Sug-ar  Factory,  Lipovetz,  Govt.  Kiev. 

Origin. — Founded  by  V.  S.  Tishkevich. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  to  increase  the  yield  of  beets  and  their 
sugar  content. 

Experiment  Tobacco  Plantation,  Lokhvitza,  Govt.  Poltava. 

Staff. — P.  M.  Lomonosov,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1890  by  the  Lokhvitza  Society  of  Agricultur- 
ists, which  maintains  the  plantation  with  the  help  of  an  annual  grant 
of  $515  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Study  of  methods  of  cultivation  which  give  most 
satisfactory  results  in  the  production  of  Makhorka  tobacco,  a  variety 
of  great  importance  in  that  region.  This  study  embraces  such  ques- 
tions as  the  distance  of  planting,  the  number  of  leaves  to  be  left  on 
the  stem,  the  selection  of  varieties,  the  comparison  of  results  when 
transplanted  and  when  sowed  in  the  row,  and  the  influence  of  fertilizers. 

Experiment  Field  for  Oil-Bearing-  Plants,  Lokhvitza,  Govt.  Poltava. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Lokhvitza  Society  of  Agricultur- 
ists with  financial  aid  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial 
Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  in  the  cultivation  of  oil-bearing  plants 
and  other  economic  plants,  such  as  flax,  hemp,  poppy,  sunflower,  and 
garden  cress. 

22018— No.  112—02  13 


194 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Luga,  Govt.  St.  Petersburg. 

Station  staff— J.  J.  Sokhotski,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1889  by  P.  A.  Bilderling  on  his  Zapole  estate, 
with  the  cooperation  of  the  Imperial  Free  Economic  Society;  reor- 
ganized in  1895  and  placed  under  the  control  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory,  meteorological  station,  library 
and  small  museum. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural  experiments  with  different  varieties  of 
rye,  barley,  oats,  and  potatoes  to  ascertain  those  most  suitable  for  the 
north  of  Russia;  fertilizer  experiments,  especially  with  phosphates; 
the  improvement  of  meadows;  and  culture  experiments  with  fruit 
trees  and  berries. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Northern  Agricultural  Society,  Lynban,  Govt. 

Novgorod. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  by  the  Northern  Agricultural  Society 
aided  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Fertilizer  experiments  with  cereals  and  other  plants, 
improvement  of  meadows,  testing  of  agricultural  machines  and  imple- 
ments, experiments  in  dairying  and  cattle  raising,  and  soil  investiga- 
tions. 

Kluchi  Experiment  Field,  Malmyzh,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  district  zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work. — Familiarizing  peasants  with  rational  methods  of 
culture  and  with  the  use  of  fertilizers  and  improved  seeds. 

Signakh  Experiment  Tobacco  Plantation,  Matnaari,  Govt.  Tiflis,  Caucasus. 

Staff. — Enfiadzianetz,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1894  by  Director  Enfiadzianetz. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  to  determine  the  varieties  of  tobacco 
best  suited  to  the  region  and  also  to  determine  the  best  methods  for 
cultivating,  curing,  and  finishing  tobacco.  The  question  as  to  varie- 
ties appears  to  have  been  settled.  Platana,  Samsoun,  and  Dubeg  are 
varieties  which  are  little  inferior  to  the  original  Turkish  tobaccos. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Medtzi,  Govt.  Volhynia. 

Origin. — Founded  by  Count  I.  A.  Pototzki  on  the  Antonine  estate. 
Equipment. — "Selection"  laboratory,  meteorological  station,  and 
experiment  field. 

Income. — The  station  is  maintained  at  the  expense  of  Count  Pototzki. 
Lilies  of  work. — Selection  experiments  with  sugar  beets,  variety 


RUSSIA. 


195 


tests  with  cereals,  fertilizer  and  cultural  experiments  with  sugar  beets. 
The  station  also  conducts  a  demonstration  held  for  the  benefit  of  the 
peasants  in  the  neighborhood. 

Experiment  Cotton  Field,  Merv,  Trans-Caspian  Region. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Familiarizing  the  people  with  the  best  methods  of 
cultivating  cotton,  and  with  the  use  of  fertilizers,  improved  imple- 
ments, etc.;  study  of  the  influence  of  irrigation  on  yield  of  cotton; 
development  of  a  system  of  rotation  of  other  crops  with  cotton,  and 
variety  tests  with  cotton. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Courland  Economic  Society,  Mitava,  Govt. 

Courland. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1893. 

Lines  of  ivork. — Field  culture  experiments. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Mogilev,  Govt.  Podolsk. 

Origin. — Founded  by  K.  S.  Bushchinski  on  the  Nemerche  estate. 
Equipment. — Laboratories,  meteorological  station,  and  experiment 
field. 

Lines  of  work. — Selection  experiments  with  sugar  beets,  fertilizer 
experiments,  germination  and  variety  tests,  and  experiments  in  pre- 
serving beet  seeds  and  roots. 

Bacteriological  Agricultural  Station,  Moscow,  Govt.  Moscow. 

Station  staff. — S.  Severin,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  by  the  Imperial  Russian  Societ}T  for  the 
Acclimatization  of  Animals  and  Plants. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigation  of  theoretical  and  practical  questions 
in  agricultural  bacteriology.  Some  of  the  questions  which  have 
received  attention  at  the  station  are  the  decomposition  of  nitrates  by 
bacteria,  role  of  bacteria  in  the  decomposition  of  horse  manure,  the 
making  of  butter  from  cream  ripened  by  means  of  pure  cultures  of 
lactic-acid  bacteria,  and  the  study  of  the  silkworm  disease  known  as 
flacherie. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Moscow  Agricultural  Institute,  Moscow,  Govt. 

Moscow. 

Origin. — After  being  closed  for  some  time  the  station  was  reopened 
in  1897. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing,  and  the  analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers, 
hay.  and  fodders. 


196  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Biological  Laboratory  of  the  Moscow  Agricultural  School,  Moscow,  Govt. 

Moscow. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1898. 

Lines  of  'work. — The  object  of  the  laboratory  is  to  aid  zenistvos  and 
other  public  institutions,  also  private  persons,  in  combating  injurious 
insects.  Scientific  investigations  in  economic  entomolog}^  are  con- 
ducted. 

Experiment  Field,  Murashkino,  Govt.  Nizhni  Novgorod. 

Staff. — E.  F.  Garlitski,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  by  the  Nizhni  Novgorod  Provincial 
Zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work. — The  staff  endeavors  to  aid  farmers  in  increasing  the 
productiveness  of  their  lands  by  familiarizing  them  with  improved 
methods  of  cultivation,  distributing  improved  seeds,  and  testing  agri- 
cultural implements.    Fertilizer  experiments  are  conducted. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  and  Dairy  Institute,  Mustiala, 

Finland. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Gosta  Grotenfelt,  Dir. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1881. 

Equipment. — Accommodations  are  provided  for  three  divisions- 
agricultural  chemistry,  dairying,  and  forestry. 

Lines  of  work. — Fertilizer  experiments,  investigations  of  milk,  test- 
ing new  dairy  appliances,  experiments  in  cattle  feeding,  investigations 
in  the  use  of  tuberculin  for  purposes  of  diagnosis,  and  acclimatization 
of  forest  trees. 

Experiment  Vineyard  of  the  Nikolaev  Section  of  the  Imperial  Russian 
Society  of  Horticulture,  Nikolaev,  Govt.  Kherson. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1893. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultivation  of  American  vines. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Maria  Agricultural  School,  Nikolaevskoe,  Govt. 

Saratov. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  experiment  field. 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing;  the  analysis  of  soils,  hay,  and  ferti- 
lizers; the  cultivation  of  saffron  for  the  production  of  oil  and  of  field 
crops. 

Churakov  Experiment  Field,  Nolinsk,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1892  by  the  district  zemstvo. 
Lines  of  work. — Cultural  field  experiments,  and  the  production  of 
improved  seed  for  distribution  among  farmers. 


RUSSIA. 


197 


Experiment  Farm  of  the  Novo-Alexandrian  Institute  of  Agriculture  and 
Forestry.  Novo-Alexandria.  Govt.  Lublin. 

Staff.— Prof.  P.  V.  Budrin.  Dir. 

Lines  of  work- — Academic  work,  tiekl  culture  experiments  and  fer- 
tilizer experiments. 

Experiment  Field,  Novocherkassk,  Govt.  Don. 

Origin. — -Founded  in  1891  by  the  Don  Agricultural  Society. 

Lines  of  work. — Elaboration  of  technical  methods  of  cultivation 
suited  to  the  requirements  of  the  region,  fertilizer  experiments,  and 
the  production  of  improved  seeds  for  the  farmers. 

Experiment  Garden  Farm,  Novoe-Selo,  Govt.  Yaroslav. 

Staff. — M.  A.  Oshannin.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1S91  by  M.  A.  Oshannin  with  financial  aid 
from  the  Ministry  of  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  to  determine  the  best  cheap  method 
of  cultivating,  drying,  and  preserving  garden  vegetables:  cultivation 
of  medicinal  and  scent  plant-:  distillation  of  essential  oils:  and  demon- 
strations for  the  instruction  of  the  people. 

Shatilov  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  near  Novosil,  Govt.  Tula. 

Station  staf.—G.  Nefedof,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains  with  the  cooperation  of  the  Novosil  Zemstvo  on  an 
estate  of  150  acre-*  donated  by  I.  O.  Shatilov 

Equipment. — Laboratory  and  meteorological  station. 

Lines  of  work. — Laboratory  investigations  and  tield  experiments 
relating  to  questions  of  local  agriculture.  A  nursery  of  fruit  trees  is 
being  established,  and  the  establishment  of  fertilizer  and  seed  control 
is  planned. 

Experiment  Field,  Odessa,  Govt.  Kherson. 

Staff.— V.  G.  Rotmistrov.  Dir. 

Origin.  —Founded  in  1894  by  the  Imperial  Agricultural  Society  of 
Southern  Russia. 

Equipment. — Experiment  field  of  over  200  acres,  vineyard,  chemi- 
cal laboratory,  and  a  meteorological  station. 

Income. — Maintained  by  the  Imperial  Agricultural  Society  of  South- 
ern Russia  with  financial  aid  as  follows:  Kherson  Provincial  Zemstvo. 
$1,030;  Odessa  District  Zemstvo.  *3o9:  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Imperial  Domains,  £1.236. 

Lines  of  work. — Practical  study  of  the  agricultural  problems  of 
Southern  Russia,  and  experiments  to  determine  the  period  of  time 
during  which  fertilizers  continue  to  be  active. 


198  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Experiment  Field,  Omsk,  Govt.  Akmolinsk,  Siberia. 

Staff. — Prince  Kudashev,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Introduction  of  winter  cereals  which  are  not  pro- 
duced to  any  extent  in  this  region,  fertilizer  experiments,  study  of 
local  fodder  grasses,  experiments  in  gardening,  and  the  testing  of 
agricultural  machines  and  implements. 

Experiment  Field,  Orlov,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1893-1895  by  the  district  zemstvo,  with  financial 
aid  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — The  production  of  improved  seeds  on  a  large  scale, 
and  familiarizing  farmers  with  improved  methods  of  land  cultivation. 

Experiment  Field,  Osi. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  by  the  district  zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work. — The  production  of  improved  varieties  of  agricul- 
tural plants,  the  seeds  of  which  are  distributed  among  the  people,  and 
fertilizer  experiments. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Moscow  Agricultural  Institute,  Petrovsko- 
Razumovskoe,  Govt.  Moscow. 

Staff. — R.  W.  Williams,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Extensive  experiments  in  the  cultivation  of  buck- 
wheat. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Ploti,  Govt.  Podolsk. 

Governing  hoard. — The  founder,  Prince  P.  P.  Trubetzkoi,  and 
several  professors  of  the  Novo- Alexandrian  Agricultural  Institute. 

Station  staff . — S.  Scheusev,  Dir.;  B.  Velbel,  Chem.;  A.  Karabetov, 
Mgr.  Expt.  Field;  A.  Yunge,  (EnoL;  M.  L.  Volinsky,  Met. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891,  by  Prince  P.  P.  Trubetzkoi  on  his  estate. 

Equijpmmt. — Meteorological  station,  chemical  laboratory,  extensive 
experiment  fields,  a  vineyard,  and  a  wine-making  establishment  with 
a  cellar. 

Fn come. — The  station  is  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  founder 
with  annual  grants  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial 
Domains.    The  total  expenditures  for  1900  were  83,238.21. 

Lines  of  work. — The  chief  object  of  the  station  is  the  study  of  the 
properties  of  chernozem  soils  (black  earth)  by  means  of  analysis  and 
cultural  experiments.  Other  lines  of  work  include  the  analysis  of 
fertilizers,  wines,  etc.;  experiments  in  fermenting  red  wine  by  various 
methods;  the  use  of  pure  cultures  in  wine  making;  experiments  to 


RUSSIA. 


199 


determine  the  conditions  under  which  mealy  grains  of  barley  are 
changed  to  liinty  grains.  Special  attention  is  being  given  to  studies 
of  nitrogen  in  soils,  rain  water,  and  drainage  water. 

Experiment  Field,  Poltava,  Govt.  Poltava. 

Governing  hoard. — Poltava  Agricultural  Society. 
Staff.— V.  N.  Dyakov,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1885  by  the  Poltava  Provincial  Zemstvo. 
Equipment. — Nursery,  laboratory,  etc. 

Income. — $4,120  annually,  of  which  sum  the  State  appropriates 
$1,802.50. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  the  interest  of  local  agriculture. 
From  experiments  carried  out  in  the  field  it  has  been  found  that 
" black  fallow"  accumulates  more  moisture  and  exercises  a  more 
favorable  influence  upon  field  crops  than  any  other  kind  of  fallow. 

Flax  Culture  Station,  Porkhov,  Govt.  Pskov. 

Station  staff. — Myasnikov,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  on  the  Dirini  Gorki  estate  of  L.  I. 
Sakovich. 

Income. — The  station  is  maintained  by  appropriations  from  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains  and  from  the  Pskov 
Provincial  Zemstvo. 

Lints  of  work. — Experiments  in  retting  flax  according  to  the  Amer- 
ican and  other  methods,  the  introduction  among  the  people  of  rational 
methods  of  preparing  flax  liber,  experiments  in  the  use  of  fertilizers 
in  flax  culture,  and  instruction  in  flax  culture.  Since  1897  experiments 
have,  been  conducted  in  retting  flax  with  the  aid  of  pure  cultures  of 
the  bacilli  of  flax  retting  isolated  by  one  of  the  specialists  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  and  Seed  Testing-  Station  of  the 
Polytechnic  Institute,  Riga,  Govt.  Livonia. 

Station  .staff. — Prof.  George  Thorns,  Dir.;  W.  von  Haken,  First 
Asst.  Chern.  y  M.  Hallay,  Second  Asst.  Chem.  /  L.  Stauee,  Third 
Asst.  Ohem./  Carl  Pauts,  Clerk  and  Helper. 

Origin. — The  Polytechnic  Institute  at  Riga  was  organized  in  1862, 
and  two  years  later — September  1,  1861 — the  Agricultural  Chemical 
Experiment  Station  was  organized,  with  Dr.  August  Toepler,  profes- 
sor of  chemistry  in  the  institute,  in  charge  of  the  work.  In  1868  Dr. 
Toepler  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  F.  Weber,  who  served  four  years. 
In  1872  the  station  was  reorganized  and  placed  under  the  present 
director,  who  has  no  official  duties  in  connection  with  the  institute. 
In  1878  a  seed-control  division  was  added,  and  the  name  of  the  station 
changed  to  its  present  form. 


200  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment. — Laboratories  for  chemical  and  seed-control  work. 

Income.— For  1899-1900,  $3,402.55.  (Fees  for  analyses,  $3,042.05; 
subsidies,  $360.50.) 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs, 
seeds,  and  tapestries;  analysis  of  foods,  condiments,  fuels,  and  agri- 
cultural products  generall}T,  and  chemical  and  bacteriological  investi- 
gations. For  a  number  of  years  the  station  has  been  making  thorough 
and  extensive  studies  of  the  soils  in  the  region  surrounding  Riga,  one 
of  the  purposes  of  these  investigations  being  to  secure  "data  for  a 
rational  taxation  of  farm  lands."  In  connection  with  the  tapestry 
control  qualitative  tests  of  wall  paper,  dress  goods,  etc.,  for  arsenic, 
phosphorus,  and  c}Tanogen  are  made.  Annual  reports  of  the  work  of 
the  station  have  been  published  since  its  organization  as  an  independ- 
ent institution  in  1872. 

Experiment  Farm  of  the  Riga  Polytechnic  Institution,  Riga,  Govt.  Livonia. 

Lines  of  work. — Devoted  chiefly  to  academic  purposes,  but  is  experi- 
menting with  a  10-course  rotation  and  with  fodders  and  fertilizers. 

Koreisubansk  Nursery  of  American  Vines,  Sadzhavakho,  Govt.  Kutais, 

Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896. 

Lines  of  work. — Supplying  American  vines  at  low  figures  to  all 
localities  of  the  Caucasus  infested  with  phylloxera,  and  the  testing  of 
varieties  of  vines  best  adapted  to  the  region. 

Agricultural  Bacteriological  Laboratory  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Imperial  Domains,  St.  Petersburg. 

Station  staff. — A.  Theoktistov,  Dir. 

Origin.—  Founded  in  1892  by  the  Ministiy  of  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Laboratory  investigations  and  field  experiments  in 
destroying  mice  and  susliks  by  means  of  bacteria;  investigation  of  the 
causes  of  decreasing  virulence  in  bacterial  cultures  and  determination 
of  the  degree  of  virulence  of  various  cultures:  preparation  of  cultures 
in  large  quantities,  and  of  grain  treated  with  strychnine  for  the 
destruction  of  rats. 

Ichthyological  Laboratory  of  the  Nikolsk  Ichthyological  Works, 
St.  Petersburg. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  of  the  ph}Tsiology,  nourishment,  and 
biology  of  fishes,  and  studies  of  the  influence  of  petroleum  on  fishes. 

Seed  Testing  Station  of  the  Imperial  Botanical  Garden,  St.  Petersburg. 

Station  staff. — J.  G.  Klinge,  Dir. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1877. 


RUSSIA. 


201 


Lines  of  work. — The  testing  of  seeds,  and  the  determination  of 
plant  species,  fungus  diseases,  and  other  diseases  of  cultivated  plants. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains,  St.  Petersburg. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Kassovitch,  Dir. 

Origm. — Founded  in  1S9T  at  the  Forestry  Institute. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  water,  fertilizers,  etc. 

Experiment  Field,  Samara,  Govt.  Samara. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1885  by  the  Samara  Provincial  Zemstvo. 

Lines  of  work. — The  improvement  of  methods  of  field  culture  pre- 
vailing in  the  Government.  From  this  field  the  people  are  supplied 
with  improved  seeds  of  cereals  and  grasses. 

Station  for  Systematic  Selection  of  Beet  Seed,  Smyela,  Govt.  Kiev. 

Origm. — Founded  by  Count  Bobrinski. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  to  increase  the  yield  and  sugar  con- 
tent of  beets. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station,  Sobieszyn,  near  Ivangorod, 

Poland. 

St  a  finn  staff. — A.  Sempolovski,  Dir. 

Equipment. — Chemical  and  botanical  laboratories,  meteorological 
station  and  experiment  fields. 

Lines  of  work. — Chemical  analysis  and  investigation  of  soils; 
botanical  investigations;  seed  testing;  field  experiments  with  cereals, 
potatoes,  and  other  field  crops,  and  meteorological  investigations. 

Horticultural  and  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Sochi,  Govt.  Cherno- 

morsk,  Caucasus. 

Station  staff. — R.  Garbe,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1894  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Equipment. — Laboratory;  meteorological  station;  a  farm  of  about 
450  acres,  including  experimental  orchards,  nurseries,  field  plats,  and 
an  experimental  tobacco  plantation. 

Lines  of  work. — The  cultivation  and  study  of  subtropical  plants, 
the  acclimatization  of  fruit  trees,  the  raising  and  selling  of  seeds  and 
nursery  stock  adapted  to  the  region.  The  object  of  the  tobacco  plan- 
tation is  to  ascertain  the  variety  of  tobacco  best  adapted  to  the  region 
and  to  develop  a  rational  method  of  cultivating  tobacco.  The  station 
ajso  gives  instruction  in  tobacco  culture,  and  prepares  practical  men 
for  that  industry. 


202 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Horticultural  and  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Sukhum,  Govt.  Kutais, 

Caucasus. 

Station  staff. — Chancellor  Tatarinov,  Dir. 

Origin, — Founded  in  1894  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Equipment. — Experimental  garden  with  nurseries,  vineyard,  and 
experiment  plats;  meteorological  station.  An  agricultural-chemical 
laboratory  will  be  built  in  the  near  future. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultivation  and  investigation  of  numerous  sub- 
tropical plants,  such  as  tea,  camphor  tree,  olives,  European  and 
Japanese  fruit  trees,  indigo,  cotton,  bamboo,  etc.;  the  raising  and 
selling  of  seeds  adapted  to  the  region,  and  the  acclimatization  of  useful 
plants.  » 

Experiment  Field,  Tambov,  Govt.  Tambov. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1894  by  the  district  zemstvo. 
Lines  of  work. — Testing  and  demonstrating  improved  methods  of 
culture,  and  the  production  of  improved  seed. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Tashkent,  Govt.  Turkestan. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  N.  M.  Garnitsch-Garnitski,  Dir. 
Origin, — Founded  in  1898  by  the  State. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory,  meteorological  station,  experi- 
ment field,  and  vineyard. 

Lines  of  ivork. — Investigation  of  the  best  methods  for  cultivating 
cotton  and  other  fiber  plants,  and  of  the  best  means  for  utilizing  irri- 
gation water;  experiments  intended  to  improve  methods  of  grape  cul- 
ture and  fruit  raising  in  the  region;  and  cultural  experiments  with 
"dry  valley  rice,"  which  the  station  is  attempting  to  introduce. 

Agricultural  Botanical  Experiment  Field,  Govt.  Tavastebus,  Finland. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1889  on  the  Gerrenes  estate. 
Lines  of  work. — Study  of  wild  herbaceous  and  leguminous  plants 
for  use  in  meadows. 

Experiment  Field  of  tbe  Terek  Society  of  Agriculture  and  Agricultural 
Industries,  Govt.  Terek,  Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1896  on  land  belonging  to  a  member  of  the 
society  for  experiments  in  the  culture  of  fodder  grasses. 

Silk  Culture  Station,  Tiflis,  Govt.  Tiflis,  Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1887  by  the  Ministry  of  Imperial  Domains. 
Equipment. — Laboratory  containing  chemical  and  biological  divi- 
sions and  silk-spinning  mill,  auditorium,  shops,  rearing  house  for 


RUSSIA. 


203 


worms,  greenhouses,  museum,  library,  mulberry  plantation,  and 
apiary. 

Lines  of  work. — Original  investigations  in  the  biology  of  the  silk- 
worm and  experimental  verification  of  similar  investigations  conducted 
by  others,  especial  attention  being  given  to  the  resistance  of  the  worms 
to  disease  and  to  the  improvement  of  silk  and  the  eggs  of  silkworms; 
practical  and  theoretical  instruction  in  sericulture:  systematic  investi- 
gations concerning  the  food  of  silkworms.  The  practical  work  of  the 
station  includes  the  production  of  health}'  eggs,  the  testing  of  eggs 
sent  to  the  station,  the  promotion  of  rational  methods  of  caring  for 
the  eggs,  and  the  distribution  of  healthy  eggs  among  rearers  of  silk- 
worms. The  station  is  also  engaged  in  developing  and  improving 
apiculture  in  the  region.    Reports  of  the  station's  work  are  published. 

Seed  Testing  Station  at  the  Storehouse  of  the  Tver  Section  of  the  Imperial 
Moscow  Agricultural  Society,  Tver,  Govt.  Tver. 

Station  staff. — M.  Devel,  Dir. 
Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing. 

Okum  Experiment  Field,  Urzhum,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin, — Founded  by  the  Vyatka  Provincial  Zemstvo. 

Income. — $3,090  (provincial  zemstvo.  62,317.50;  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains,  S772.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  cereals,  fertilizer  experiments, 
and  experiments  in  technical  methods  of  cultivation. 

Agricultural  Experiment  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Valuiki,  Govt.  Samara. 
Station  staff. — V.  S.  Bogden.  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1894  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains. 

Equipment. — Agricultural  laboratory,  meteorological  station,  and 
farm  of  about  1,000  acres. 

Lines  of  work. — Situated  in  a  region  of  alkali  land-  with  a  dry 
climate,  the  station  is  occupied  with  investigations  and  experiments 
relating  to  the  accumulation,  the  conservation,  and  the  rational  utiliza- 
tion of  atmospheric  moisture,  with  the  special  purpose  of  improving 
and  reclaiming  alkali  soils.  Irrigation  experiments,  cultural  experi- 
ments with  different  varieties  to  ascertain  tho^e  best  adapted  to  the 
region,  and  experiments  in  the  cultivation  of  certain  wild  grasses  are 
conducted,  also  seed  testing  and  the  botanical  analysis  of  hay. 

Experiment  Field  of  the  Varnavin  Zemstvo,  Varnavin,  Govt.  Kostroma. 

Lines  of  work.  — Various  methods  of  soil  cultivation  and  fertilizer 
experiments. 


204  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Peasant  Experiment  Farm,  Velikoe  Selo,  Govt.  Yaroslav. 

Staff. — Yagodin-Kuvshinov,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1894  by  Yagodin-Kuvshinov  with  financial  aid 
from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Improvement  of  agricultural  methods  by  practical 
demonstration  of  the  use  of  new  implements,  the  application  of  ferti- 
lizers, the  value  of  growing  seed,  etc. 

Experiment  Field,  Verkhosunya,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  by  the  Vyatka  Provincial  Zemstvo. 

Income. — $3,090  (provincial  zemstvo,  $2,317.50;  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains,  $772.50). 

Lines  of  work. — Fertilizer  experiments,  especially  with  phosphates 
and  bone  ash;  cultural  experiments,  and  the  sale  of  improved  seeds  and 
agricultural  implements. 

Experiment  Farm,  Vuisokoe  Selo,  Govt.  Yaroslav. 

Staff. — N.  P.  Saban}^eev,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  by  N.  P.  Sabanyeev  in  1894,  with  financial  aid 
from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial  Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Demonstration  of  improved  methods  in  agriculture, 
and  experiments  with  fertilizers  and  in  the  cultivation  of  flax  and 
garden  vegetables.  The  application  of  common  salt  as  a  fertilizer  for 
flax  has  given  good  results. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Vyatka,  Govt.  Vyatka. 

Station  staff. — S.  N.  Kossarev,  Dir. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1895  by  the  Vyatka  Provincial  Zemstvo,  with 
the  cooperation  of  the  State. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory,  meteorological  station,  agricul- 
tural laboratory  where  seeds  are  tested  and  studies  of  injurious  insects 
and  plant  parasites  are  conducted,  experiment  field. 

Income. — Maintained  by  the  provincial  zemstvo,  aided  by  an  annual 
grant  of  $1,802.50  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Imperial 
Domains. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural  experiments  to  determine  varieties  best 
suited  to  the  locality;  fertilizer  experiments  with  phosphates,  super- 
phosphates, and  turf;  the  testing  of  agricultural  machines  and  imple- 
ments, and  the  study  of  soils.  The  station  organizes  cooperative 
experiments  on  the  experiment  fields  and  farms  of  the  zemstvo. 


RUSSIA. 


205 


Seed  Testing  Station  of  the  Museum  of  Manufactures  and  Agriculture, 

Warsaw,  Poland. 

Station  staff. — A.  Sempolovski,  Dir. 
Origin. — Founded  in  1880. 

Equipment. — Laboratories  and  ah  experiment  garden. 
Lines  of  work. — Seed  testing,  analy  sis  of  hay,  preparation  of  herba- 
riums, and  cultural  experiments  with  agricultural  plants. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Laboratory  and  Control  Station  of  the  Esthonian 
Agricultural  Society,  Wesenberg,  Govt.  Esthonia. 

Station  staff. — N.  von  Dehn,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  fertilizers  and  fodders  and  seed  testing. 

(Enological  Chemical  Laboratory  and  Experiment  Cellar  of  the  Nikita 
School  of  Horticulture  and  Wine  Making,  Yalta,  Govt.  Taurida. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  wines,  water,  and  soils;  investigations  to 
determine  the  value  of  various  kinds  of  grapes;  investigations  in  fer- 
menting grape  must;  fertilizer  experiments,  and  investigation  of  the 
quality  of  olive  oil  from  the  plantations  of  the  southern  coast  of 
Crimea. 

Tobacco  Experiment  Plantation,  Yalta,  Govt.  Crimea. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1897  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Imperial  Domains  at  the  Nikitsk  Imperial  Garden. 

Lines  of  work. — Experiments  with  Macedonian  tobacco  to  ascertain 
the  varieties  best  suited  to  the  climatic  and  soil  conditions  of  the 
southern  coast  of  Crimea  and  to  develop  improved  methods  of  culti- 
vation. 

Laboratory  of  the  Derebchina  Sugar  Factory  for  the  Selection  of  Beet 
Seed,  Yampol,  Govt.  Podolsk. 

Origin. — Founded  by  A.  A.  Mas. 

Lines  of  work* — Experiments  in  improving  the  cultivation  of  sugar 
beets. 

Chemical  Control  Station  of  the  Imperial  Livonian  Economic  Society, 
Yuryev,  (Dorpat),  Govt.  Livonia. 

Station  staff. — K.  Sponholz,  Dir. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fodders,  and  agricultural  products. 

Bacteriological  Station  of  the   Veterinary  Institute,  Yuryev  (Dorpat), 

Govt.  Livonia. 

Station  staff, — Prof.  Kasimir  von  Raupath,  Dir.  of  Inst.;  Prof. 
Karl  Hoppich,  Dir.  of  Bad.  Sta. 
Income* — State  appropriation,  >51.s54. 


206  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Lines  of  work. — Bacteriological  investigations  with  special  reference 
to  milk  and  daily  products.  These  include  investigations  of  milk, 
butter,  and  cheese  that  are  abnormal  in  color,  taste,  smell,  consistency, 
etc. ;  investigations  of  the  tubercle  bacillus  in  milk  and  dairy  products, 
and  of  water  for  use  in  the  dairy  industry;  production  and  distribu- 
tion of  bacteria  that  are  useful  in  dairying,  especially  of  pure  cultures 
for  cream  ripening;  dissemination  of  information  by  means  of  lectures 
and  published  articles. 

Station  for  Seed  Selection  of  the  Olshansk  Beet-Sugar  Factory,  Zvenigorod, 

Govt.  Kiev. 

Origin. — Founded  by  the  Countess  M.  E.  Branitski. 
Lines  of  work. — Experiments  to  increase  the  yield  and  sugar  con- 
tent of  beets. 

Experiment  Fields  for  the  Cultivation  of  Sugar  Beets  in  Poland. 

Origin. — Founded  in  1891  by  the  Warsaw  Section  of  the  Society  for 
Russian  Manufactures  and  Commerce. 

In  1897  variety  tests  and  other  experiments  were  conducted  simul- 
taneously on  27  different  estates. 

Experiment  Forests. 

(1)  On  the  Watershed  between  the  Volga  and  the  Don,  Khryenov, 
Govt.  Voronezh. 

(2)  On  the  Watershed  between  the  Don  and  the  Donetz,  Staro- 
byelsk,  Govt.  Kharkov. 

(3)  On  the  Watershed  between  the  Dnieper  and  the  Donetz,  Veli- 
koanodalsk,  Govt.  Ekaterinoslav. 

Origin. — These  three  experimental  forests  were  founded  in  1892  by 
the  bureau  of  forestry. 

Equipment. — Each  forest  covers  an  area  of  from  12,000  to  25,000 
acres. 

Lines  of  work. — Planting  of  forests  and  study  of  forestry  methods 
(1)  on  the  steppes  of  the  watersheds,  (2)  on  soils  not  suited  for  culti- 
vation, and  (3)  in  dry  and  wet  ravines;  experiments  in  strengthening 
ravines  and  exposed  river  banks;  cultivation  of  fruit  trees  and  shrubs 
on  the  steppes;  irrigation  experiments  with  subterranean  waters  and 
•with  snow  and  rain  waters;  utilization  of  herbaceous  plants;  establish- 
ment of  experiment  fields  (6  in  number)  in  order  to  study  the  protect- 
ing influence  which  planted  forests  may  exercise  on  the  agriculture  of 
the  steppes;  and  the  establishment  of  norms  (rational  proportions) 
betw  een  the  areas  of  forest,  water,  meadow,  and  cultivated  fields. 


SPAIN  STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS. 


207 


SPAIN. 

CEnological  Station,  Haro. 
Victor  C.  Manso  de  Tuniga,  Dir. 

Other  oenological  stations  are  maintained  at  Alicante.  Ciudad  Real, 
Toro,  and  Valencia. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  High  School,  Madrid. 

Station  staff. — Prof.  Josef  Hurtado  de  Mendoza,  Dir.;  A.  Dorron- 
soro,  Chief  of  Anal.  Lab.;  Prof.  Jose  Ma.  Marti,  Supt.  of  Farm. 
Origin. — Established  about  1890. 

Equipment. — Chemical  and  physiological  laboratory,  meteorological 
observatory,  vegetation  cases,  experimental  farm  and  stables  at 
Moncloa.  Government  experimental  farms  are  also  maintained  at 
Barcelona,  Caceres,  Corunna,  Jerez,  Saragossa,  and  Valencia. 

Lines  of  work. — Investigations  in  chemistry  and  animal  and  plant 
physiology;  analyses  and  other  work  of  a  general  character  demanded 
b}T  the  Government  or  by  local  authorities;  analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers, 
seeds,  plants,  and  other  agricultural  products  for  the  public  to  be 
used  for  pot  experiments.    Several  bulletins  have  been  issued. 

Experiment  Station  for  Vegetable  Pathology,  Madrid. 
Prof.  C.  Ascarate,  Dir. 

Viticultural  Experiment  Station,  Madrid. 
Sericultural  Station,  Murcia. 

STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Penang.a 

Staff. — Charles  Curtis,  Asst.  Supt.  of  Forests;  Heniff,  Overseer  of 
Waterfall  Gardens;  O'Keefe,  Overseer  of  Governor's  Hill  Bungalow 
Gardens. 

Equipment. — Plant  sheds,  orchid  house,  extensive  gardens,  including 
the  one  on  Governor's  Hill. 

Income.—  For  1900,  $7,486.20  (Government  grant,  86,898;  revenue 
from  sale  of  plants,  etc.,  1588.20). 

Lines  of  work. — Cultivation  and  determination  of  plants  of  botanical 
interest,  ornamental  plants,  and  economic  plants.  Forestry  is  receiv- 
ing considerable  attention,  especially  the  production  of  gutta-percha 
on  the  Government  reserves. 


a8ee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


208 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Botanic  Gardens,  Singapore.* 

Staff.— Henry  N.  Ridley.  Dir. 

Equipment. — Plant  houses,  aviaries,  and  other  buildings;  library, 
herbarium,  nursery,  botanic  garden,  and  outlying  plantations. 

Income.— For  1900,  $14,793.72  (Government  grant,  $9,150;  balance 
from  1899,  82.S91.42;  sale  of  plants,  seeds,  and  flowers,  $2,703.10; 
interest.  $49.20). 

Lines  of  work. — Propagation,  cultivation,  and  study  of  ornamental 
and  economic  flowers,  plants,  and  trees;  collection  and  propagation  of 
birds,  reptiles,  and  mammals:  and  the  investigation  of  means  for  de- 
stroying insect  pests.  Considerable  attention  is  given  to  the  pro- 
duction of  gutta-percha  and  rubber.  Annual  reports  and  occasional 
bulletins  are  published. 

SWEDEN. 

State  Department  of  Agriculture,  Stockholm. 

C.  H.  H.  de  Bennich,  Sec.  of  Agr.;  Dr.  C.  M.  von  Feilitzen,  Dir. 
in  Chief  of  Agr. 

The  State  Department  of  Agriculture  comprises  bureaus  of  geodesy, 
horse  breeding,  geological  mapping,  domains,  and  agriculture.  As  an 
administrative  body  it  controls  and  helps  to  maintain  eight  chemical 
stations,  eighteen  seed-control  stations,  and  the  Agricultural  Academy 
at  Albano,  with  which  an  experiment  station  is  connected.  The  depart- 
ment also  gives  partial  support  to  several  stations  organized  by  societies, 
and  maintains  a  corps  of  agricultural  engineers  and  instructors  to  give 
advice  to  farmers  in  different  parts  of  the  country;  likewise  a  force 
of  33  Government  veterinarians,  not  including  those  in  the  cavalry 
service. 

Entomological  Station,  Albano,  near  Stockholm. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Prof.  Sven  Lampa.  Dir. 

Origin.— hx  1880  the  Government  created  the  position  of  State 
entomologist  and  appointed  Dr.  A.  E.  Holmgren,  entomologist.  In 
1887  he  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  Sven  Lampa,  curator  of  the  museum 
at  Stockholm. 

Lines  of  work. — The  principal  duties  of  the  State  entomologist  have 
been  to  disseminate  information  regarding  the  injurious  insects  of  the 
country  and  to  make  investigations  regarding  the  same  so  far  as  the 
resources  of  the  station  will  allow.  Among  the  more  important 
investigations  are  those  concerning  the  gypsy  moth,  Hessian  fly.  wire- 
worm,  crane  fly,  and  grass  worms.  The  entomologist  has  published  a 
number  of  valuable  pamphlets  on  the  crop  pests  of  Sweden. 


aSee  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


SWEDEN. 


209 


Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Academy,  Albano,  near  Stockholm. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture* 

Station  staff. — Dr.  H.  G.  Soderbaum.  Dir.  and  Chem.f  Dr.  Jakob 

Eriksson,  Chief  of  Div.  of  Plant  Physiol.;  Gr.  Land.  Agr.  and  Ilort.; 

an  assistant  chemist. 

Origin. — The  station  was  established  in  1883. 

Equipment. — Agricultural  chemical  building,  containing  the  direct- 
or's office,  balance  room,  and  two  laboratories;  laboratory  for  physi- 
ological chemical  investigations;  laboratory  for  volumetric  analysis; 
dark  room:  storerooms,  etc.  The  laboratories  are  well  equipped 
throughout.  There  are  also  extensive  experiment  plats,  some  of 
which  are  provided  with  a  protection  of  wire  netting:  a  vegetation 
house:  zinc  and  glass  vegetation  pots,  the  former  sunk  in  the  earth 
and  the  latter  inclosed  in  canvas  for  protection  and  mounted  on  cars; 
a  laboratory,  experiment  held,  vegetation  house,  and  lysimeter  for  the 
division  of  plant  physiology,  and  a  meteorological  observatory. 

Income. — The  annual  budget  of  the  chemical  division  is  about  £3,2o(>. 
Special  appropriations  are  made  for  investigations  in  vegetable  pathol- 
ogy and  for  the  publication  of  reports  on  the  same. 

Lines  of  work. — There  are  three  distinct  lines  of  investigation, 
namely,  agricultural  chemistry,  plant  physiology,  and  agricultural- 
horticultural  held  experiments.  In  the  chemical  laboratory  investiga- 
tions are  conducted  with  fertilizers,  especially  Martin  slag.  Thomas 
slag,  guano,  and  various  other  commercial  fertilizers:  and  closely  con- 
nected with  this  work  are  the  pot  and  tield  investigations  in  the  culti- 
vation of  tobacco,  sugar  beets,  cereals,  etc..  with  various  fertilizers 
and  on  different  kinds  of  soil.  Quite  extensive  variety  tests  are  also 
conducted,  as  well  as  experiments  on  moor  soils.  The  best-known 
work  of  the  division  of  plant  physiology  is  that  of  Dr.  Eriksson  with 
wheat  and  other  cereals,  especially  his  work  on  grain  rusts,  which  is 
given  high  rank  by  seientitic  investigators.  A  few  other  experi- 
ments are  conducted,  notably  those  with  dairy  cows  and  in  animal 
nutrition.  Reports  of  the  work  done  at  the  station  are  published  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Academy  (Kongl.  Landtbruks- 
\Akadeinieti,  Handlingar  och  Tidskrift),  which  is  issued  bimonthly. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Boras. 

GoVi  ming  board.— State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
station  staff. — Dr.  A.  W.  Essen,  Dir. 

Income.— For  1899,  £338.56  (balance  from  ls:»s.  S81.72;  State, 
£l2<u;ii;  contributions  from  societies,  £134:  miscellaneous, 

Lines  of  work. — Seed control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

2201&—  No,  112—02  14 


210 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Institute  for  Fish  Culture  and  Fresh  Water  Biology,  Finspong. 

Staff.— Filip  Trybom,  First  Asst.;  Victor  Wahl berg,  Second  Asst.; 
Einar  Lomberg.  Asst.  in  Fish  Hatching. 

Line*  of  work. — The  institute  is  engaged  in  hatching  and  rearing 
fish,  the  investigation  of  most  suitable  water  temperatures  for  various 
kinds  of  rish.  and  the  study  of  the  biology  of  fish. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Gene. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — A.  Westman,  Dir. 

Incojuc—Yov  1899,  $442.01  (State.  $147.40;  contributions  from 
societies.  $227.80;  fees  for  analyses.  806.81). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Goteborg. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — J.  E.  Alen,  Dir. 

Income. — For  1899,  $646.03  (State.  $107.20;  contributions  from  socie- 
ties. $268.42;  fees  for  analyses.  8270.41). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control— testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Halnistad. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — E.  Lyttkens,  Dir. 

( Origin. — This  station,  which  was  established  in  1876.  is  the  oldest 
in  Sweden. 

Income. — For  1899:  Chemical  division  S3j>97.65  (balance  from  1898 j 
$162.01;  State.  81.07*2:  contributions  from  societies.  ^>7<>:  fees  for 
analyses  and  miscellaneous.  $1,193.64).  Seed  control  division.  $450.81 
(balance  from  1898.  Si. 06;  State.  S174.-20:  contributions  from  societies. 
$227.80;  fees  for  analyses.  S47.79). 

Lines  of  wm^k. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  etc. :  seed 
control;  and  bacteriological  investigations.  The  number  of  samples 
analyzed  in  the  chemical  laboratory  in  1899  was  18.330.  The  station 
publishes  annual  reports. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Hemse. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Th.  A.  Satervall.  Dir. 

This  station  tested  a  few  samples  of  seeds  in  1899,  but  did  not 
receive  any  Government  aid. 


SWEDEN. 


211 


Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  HernOsand. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff, — C.  G.  Strokirk,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1883. 

Income.— For  1899:  Chemical  division,  $3,262.69  (State,  $1,072;  con- 
tributions from  societies.  $294.80;  county,  $254.60;  fees  for  analyses 
and  miscellaneous.  £1.239.2!*;  borrowed,  $402).  Seed  control  division. 
$364.77  (State,  $120.60;  county,  $83.75;  contributions  from  societies, 
$83.75;  fees  for  analyses  and  miscellaneous,  $76.67). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  etc.;  seed 
control.  About  1,000  samples  were  analyzed  in  the  chemical  labora- 
tory in  1899.    Annual  reports  are  published. 

Experiment  Station  of  The  Swedish.  Moor  Association,  Jonkoping. 

Statin,,  staff. — C.  H.  J.  von  Feilitzen.  Dir.;  one  engineer  and  three 
assistants. 

Origin.—  Established  in  1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  at  Jonkoping;  experiment  fields,  contain 
ing  200  acres,  and  buildings  at  Flahult,  8  miles  south  of  Jonkoping. 

Income—  For  1899,  $2,818.45  (State.  $1,072;  contributions  from 
societies,  $321.60;  county  and  local  contributions.  $536;  fees  for  analy- 
ses and  miscellaneous,  $888.85). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  etc.;  seed 
control;  and  held  experiments  in  the  improvement  of  moor  lands,  of 
which  there  are  between  12,000,000  and  18,000,000  acres  in  Sweden. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Jonkoping1. 

Crovt  ming  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.— Rob.  Tolf,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1882. 

Income— For  1899,  $561.73  (State.  $1*7. ♦'»<»:  contributions  from 
societies.  $268;  fees  for  analyses.  $106.13). 

Lines  of  loork. — Seed  control— testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Kalmar. 

Qovi  ruing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  Albert  Atterberg,  Dir.;  O.  Hulander,  Asst. 
Chem.;  G.  Kanstrom,  Asst.  Seed  Control;  C.  G.  Stalbrand,  Watch- 
man. 

Origin. —  Established  in  ls77. 


212 


EXPEEIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Equipment, — Chemical  and  seed  laboratory,  and  vegetation  house. 

Income— For  1S99:  Chemical  division.  §3,760.16  (balance  from 
1898,  827.56:  State.  81.072:  contributions  from  societies,  $1,433.80; 
fees  for  analyses  and  miscellaneous.  81.226. SO).  Seed  control  division, 
$799.Vo  (balance  from  1898,  812.03;  State.  $201;  contributions  from 
societies.  8131.48:  fees  for  analyses,  8155.41). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  and  technical 
products,  such  as  indigo,  potatoes,  corn,  malt,  etc. :  seed  control.  In 
1900  about  2,500  samples  were  analyzed  in  the  chemical  laboratory. 
Experiments  in  plant  nutrition  are  conducted  partly  in  pots  and  partly 
in  plats.  The  director  has  done  considerable  important  work  in  the 
classification  of  varieties  of  barley,  oats,  and  potatoes.  Reports  have 
been  published  since  1889. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Kristianstad. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.— Dr.  L.  J.  Wahlstedt,  Dir. 

Income.— -For  1899.  8369.84  (State.  8134:  contributions  from  socie- 
ties, 8134:  fees  for  analyses.  8101.84). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control— testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Linkoping-. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.— Q.  A.  Blum,  Dir. 

Income. — For  1899,  8975.15  (balance  from  1898,  $259.73;  State. 
8201:  contributions  from  societies,  8335:  fees  for  analyses  and  miscel- 
laneous. 8179.4:.'). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Experiment  Station  for  Agricultural  Chemistry,  Vegetable  Physiology, 
and  Seed  Control,  Lulea. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. —  Dr.  Paul  Hellstrom.  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1889. 

Income. — For  1899:  Chemical  division.  84.645.95  (balance  from  1898, 
$186.13;  State.  81.675:  contributions  from  societies.  $1,038.50;  county, 
$502.50;  fees  for  analyses  and  miscellaneous,  $1,072.59;  borrowed, 
$171.23).  Seed  control  division.  $655.41  (balance  from  1898,  $306.44; 
State,  893.80:  county,  867;  contributions  from  societies,  8160.80;  fees 
for  analyses  and  miscellaneous.  8:27.37). 

Lines  of  '"-<,/■/,■. — Experiments  in  the  improvement  of  grasses,  clovers, 


SWEDEN. 


213 


and  cereals;  variety  tests  and  fertilizer  experiments  with  wheat,  oats, 
potatoes,  and  other  crops:  analytical  work,  and  seed  control.  In  1899 
the  station  analyzed  1,154  samples  of  milk  and  dairy  products,  besides 
331  samples  of  soil>.  fertilizers,  feeding-  stuffs,  water,  foods  and  con- 
diments, poisons,  etc. 

Seed  Control  Station.  Lund. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  B.  Jonsson,  Dir. 

Equipment. — A  well-lighted  room  in  the  Botanical  Institute  of  the 
University. 

Income. — For  1899,  81,165.80  (State.  8241.20;  contributions  from 
societies.  8388.60:  fees  for  analyses.  8536). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing- of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Seed  Control  Station.  Molkom. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — J.  A.  Andersson,  Dir. 

Income.—  For  1899.  8250.82  (balance  from  1898.  81.92:  State.  8^0.40: 
contributions  from  societies.  8l<>7.2o:  fees  for  analyses.  861.30). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Seed  Control  Station.  Ope,  near  Estersund. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — J.  F.  Broman.  Dir. 

Income.— Foy  1899.  8324.35  (State.  812< >.60;  county.  8134;  fees  for 
analyses.  869.75). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station.  Orebro. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff.— J.  Widen.  Dir. 
Origin—  Established  in  1880. 

Income. — For  1899:  Chemical  division.  83,205.25  (balance  from  1898, 
8333.34:  State.  81,072;  contribution-  from  societies.  8737:  fees  for 
analyses  and  miscellaneous.  81.062.91).  Seed  control  division.  81.584.58 
(balance  from  1898.  813.59:  State.  8174.20:  contributions  from  socie- 
ties, &469;  fees  for  analyses  and  miscellaneous.  8927.79). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuff-,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  etc:  seed 
control.  The  number  of  samples  analyzed  in  the  chemical  laboratory 
in  1899  was  3,465.    The  station  publishes  annual  reports. 


214  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Skara. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — F.  K.  S.  Hammar,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1877. 

Income. — For  1901:  Chemical  division.  $2,617.31  (balance  from  1900, 
$94.02;  State.  $1,072;  contributions  from  societies.  $536;  local  con- 
tributions, $268;  fees  for  analyses  and  miscellaneous.  $647.29).  Seed 
control  division.  8287.36  (State.  893. SO;  contributions  from  societies. 
8134:  fees  for  analyses.  $59.56). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  etc. :  seed 
control.  In  the  chemical  laboratory  4.924  samples  were  analyzed  in 
1899.    Annual  reports  are  published. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Stockholm. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — Olaf  Sternquist.  Dir. 

Income.— -For  1899.  81.182.39  (balance  from  1898.  874.65:  State, 
8227.80;  contributions  from  societies.  8308.20:  fees  for  analyses. 
8571.74). 

Lines  of  work. —  Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Experiment  Station  of  the  Swedish  Seed  Association,  SvalOf. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  X.  Hj.  Nilsson,  Dir.;  four  assistants;  gardener; 
clerk:  botanists:  and  helpers. 

Origin. — In  1886  Baron  von  Gyllenkrook  and  Birger  Welinder 
organized  the  South  Swedish  Seed  Association,  which  soon  took  the 
name  of  the  General  Swedish  Seed  Association,  and  in  1885.  through 
a  union  with  the  Middle  Swedish  Seed  Association,  became  the  Swed- 
ish Seed  Association. 

Equipment. — The  headquarters  of  the  association  are  at  Svalof.  on 
the  estate  of  Birger  Welinder.  where  are  located  the  necessary  station 
buildings  and  about  30  acres  devoted  to  plats  for  rotation  experiments. 
The  buildings  contain  several  laboratories  provided  with  special  appa- 
ratus for  seed  investigations,  offices,  dwellings,  and  storerooms.  Besides 
the  experiment  plats  in  Svalof,  the  association  owns  or  controls  between 
25  and  30  fields  in  various  parts  of  the  country  where  comparative 
tests  are  conducted. 

Income. — The  annual  budget  of  the  association  is  over  88,000,  of  - 
which  the  State  appropriates  83.4s4. 

Lines  of  work. — The  oSjeets  of  the  association  are  to  improve  the 
quality  of  established  varieties  and  breed  new  varieties,  to  test  new 
seeds,  and  to  develop  the  export  trade  in  seeds.    The  tield  experiments 


SWEDEN. 


215 


are  devoted  largely  to  the  testing  of  both  old  and  new  varieties,  first 
at  Svalof  and  later  at  other  places  in  the  Kingdom.  In  the  laboratories 
the  seeds  are  tested  according  to  the  method  of  the  seed  control  sta- 
tions. The  work  of  the  station  has  been  very  successful:  a  number  of 
new  varieties  have  been  propagated,  and  standard  varieties  of  cereals 
and  legumes  have  been  greatly  improved. 

Agricultural  Institute,  Ultuna,  near  Upsala. 

Station  staff,— H.  B.  Juhlin  Dannfelt,  Dir.;  Albert  Westerberg, 
Che  in. 

Origin. — The  institute  was  established  in  1848.  Experiments  were 
begun  in  1861. 

Income. — The  first  appropriation  from  the  Government  was  $804  for 
the  purpose  of  conducting  tie  Id  experiments.  Afterwards  annual 
appropriations  of  $1,206  were  made  for  this  work. 

Lines  of  work. — Laboratory  investigations  with  soils,  feeding  stuffs, 
and  fertilizers;  field  experiments  with  forage  plants  and  field  crops  on 
various  soils  and  with  different  fertilizers;  experiments  in  feeding 
milch  cows,  and  in  the  production  of  sheep,  horses,  goats,  pigs,  and 
other  animals. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Upsala. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — T.  von  Post.  Dir. 

Income. — For  1899, 1604.82  (State.  $134;  contributions  from  societies, 
1335;  fees  for  analyses,  1135.82). 

Lines  of  work. — Seed  control — testing  of  seeds  for  purity,  weight, 
water  content,  dry  material,  germination,  etc. 

Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Vesteras. 

Governing  board. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff \— -Dr.  J.  O.  Bergstrand,  Dir. 
Origin. — Established  in  1877. 

Income .  —For  L899:  Chemical  division.  $2, 5S4.59  (balance  from  1898, 
1193.19;  State.  *1.<>7l;:  contributions  from  societies,  $634.90;  fees  for 
analyses  and  miscellaneous.  $684.50).  Seed  control  division,  £4:M.<>:> 
(State.  $120.60;  contributions  from  societies.  $133.72;  fees  for  analyses, 
$170.31). 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  of  soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water, 
milk  and  dairy  products,  foods  and  condiments,  poisons,  etc.;  seed 
control.  In  1899  nearly  1.7,000  samples  were  analyzed  in  the  chemical 
laboratory. 


216 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Chemical  and  Seed  Control  Station,  Visby. 

Governing  hoard. — State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Station  staff. — G.  Wagner,  Dir. 

Origin. — In  1899  the  Government  made  provision  for  this  station 
and  appropriated  $804  for  its  maintenance  during  the  year  1900. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Stations  of  Agricultural  Societies. 

Ten  county  agricultural  societies  have  for  a  number  of  years  made 
arrangements  with  the  chemical  departments  of  certain  agricultural 
schools  to  have  chemical  analyses  made  for  farmers  in  their  respective 
counties  at  a  low  rate,  and  for  this  purpose  have  set  apart  detinite  sums 
of  money  annually.  The  location  of  these  stations  and  the  director  of 
each  are  as  follows:  Alnarp.  Dr.  M.  Weibull;  Boras.  Dr.  W.  Abenius; 
Gene,  Dr.  K.  Arnell;  Goteborg,  J.  E.  Alen:  Helsingborg,  K.  E.  Bex- 
elius  (receives  appropriation  from  the  State):  Kristianstad,  F.  Johan- 
nesson:  Molkom,  J.  A.  Andersson:  Ultima,  E.  Pettersson;  Umea.  Dr. 
C.  N.  Pahl;  and  Visby.  L.  A.  Zetterling. 

Lines  of  work. — The  work  of  these  stations  includes  the  analysis  of 
soils,  fertilizers,  feeding  stuffs,  water,  milk  and  dairy  products,  foods 
and  condiments,  poisons,  and  a  few  miscellaneous  articles. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Department  of  Commerce,  Industry,  and  Agriculture,  Bern. 

Dr.  A.  Deucher,  Mini*,  of  Coin.,  Tndus.^  and  Agr.;  Dr.  Arnold 
Eichmann,  Chief  of  Div.  of  Com.;  Dr.  Franz  Kaufmann.  Chief  of 
Div.  of  Indus.;  Franz  Midler.  Chief  of  Div.  of  Agr. 

Committee  of  Supervision:  Joseph  Gisi.  Pres.;  Dr.  E.  Schulze, 
First  V.  Pres.;  E.  Chuard,  Second  V.  Pres;  four  other  members. 

In  Switzerland  the  Federal  agricultural  schools,  colleges,  and  experi- 
ment stations  are  established  and  controlled  by  the  division  of  agri- 
culture of  the  Department  of  Commerce.  Industry,  and  Agriculture. 
This  division  is  represented  in  its  more  intimate  relations  with  these 
institutions  by  a  committee  of  supervision  of  seven  members  appointed 
by  the  Ministry  of  Commerce.  Industry,  and  Agriculture.  Directors 
and  other  officers  of  the  agricultural  colleges  and  stations  are  appointed 
by  the  Federal  Council  (corresponding  closely  to  the  President's  Cabi- 
net iii  the  United  States)  upon  recommendation  by  the  chief  of  the 
division  of  agriculture.  Reports  of  the  investigations  conducted  at 
the  different  stations  are  published  by  the  Department  in  bulletin  form 
in  both  German  and  French.  From  eight  to  twelve  of  these  bulletins 
are  published  in  a  year,  and  together  they  make  up  a  volume,  the  Ger- 
man edition  of  which  is  called  Landwirthschaftliches  Jahrhuch  der 
SchweiZ)  and  the  French  edition,  Annuain  Agricole  de  lo  Suisse. 


SWITZERLAND. 


217 


Agricultural  Chemical  Control  Station,  Bern. 

Governing  hoard. — Federal  committee  of  supervision. 
Station  staff.— Dr.  P.  Liechti,  Dir.;  Orla  Jensen.  Asst.  Boot. 
Grig /'//.— Established  about  1896. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  and  experiments 
with  .fertilizers. 

Bacteriological  Experiment  Station.  Bern. 

Governing  hoard. — Federal  committee  of  supervision. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  E.  von  Freud'enreich.  Dir. 
Origin.— Established  about  1896. 

Lines  of  work. — Bacteriological  Investigations  with  special  reference 
to  the  role  of  bacteria  in  dairying  and  cheese  making.  The  director 
is  author  of  "Bacteriology  in  the  dairy."  a  short,  popular  treatise  for 
dairy  schools,  cheese  makers,  and  farmers:  and  has  made  investigations 
on  the  part  played  by  lactic-acid  bacteria  in  the  ripening  of  cheese, 
action  of  rennet  ferment,  use  of  artificial  rennet  in  cheese  making, 
bacteria  of  kephir.  influence  of  electricity  on  bacteria,  influence  of 
temperature  on  the  bacteria  in  milk  and  cheese  and  of  food  on  the 
bacteria  content  of  cow  dung,  the  poisonous  nature  of  culture  products 
of  animal  tuberculosis,  and  other  similar  problems.  Reports  of  the 
work  of  the  station  are  published  in  Landwirthschaftliches  fahrbuch 
der  Schweiz  and  Annuaire  AgriSole  dt  la  Suisse. 

Agricultural  Chemical  Station,  Lausanne. 

Governing  hoard.— Federal  committee  of  supervision. 

Station  staff. — Dr.  C.  Dusserre,  Dir. :  an  assistant  chemist  and  helper. 

Origin. — Established  in  1896. 

Equipmmt. -^Chemical  laboratory. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers,  concentrated 
feeding  stuffs,  and  remedies  for  plant  diseases  and  pests;  instructions 
to  the  public  regarding  the  purchase  and  use  of  these  articles:  and 
tield  and  laboratory  experiments.  The  held  work  includes  experi- 
ments with  different  commercial  fertilizers  and  with  spraying  solutions 
for  plant  diseases  and  for  killing  weeds.  These  experiments  are  con- 
ducted in  four  or  live  fields  in  different  parts  of  the  country  and  in  a 
vineyard  recently  established  for  the  purpose.  The  laboratory  work, 
aside  from  control  analysis,  includes  analysis  of  hays,  potatoes,  beets, 
mushrooms,  cereals,  and  other  miscellaneous  articles.  Reports  are 
published  in  Landwirthschaftliches  Jahrbuch  der  Schweiz  and  Annuaire 
Agricole  de  la  Suisse. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  the  Agricultural  Institute,  Lausanne. 

Governing  hoard. — The  Grand  Council  of  the  Canton  de  Vaud. 
Station  staff. —  Prof.  S.  Bieler.  Dir.;  Prof.  Jean  Dufour.  Plant 


218 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Path,  and  Dir.  of  Vit.  Sta.;  Prof.  E.  Chuard,  Cbem.  and  Dir.  ofAgr. 
Sta.;  Peliehet,  Dir.  of  Dairy  Sta. 

Origin. — The  Viticultural  Station  and  Chemical  Laboratory  were 
opened  in  1887  and  the  Dairy  Station  in  1889. 

Equipment. — Chemical  laboratory  building  containing  three  labora- 
tories, storeroom,  etc. ;  laboratory  for  plant  physiology  and  pathology; 
vegetation  house;  experimental  held;  meteorological  observatory:  and 
experimental  dairy. 

Income. — Supported  in  part  by  the  Canton  de  Vaud  and  in  part  by 
the  Federal  Government. 

Lines  of  work. — Viticultural  investigations,  including  experiments 
with  American  phylloxera-resistant  vines  and  with  soils,  fertilizers, 
insecticides,  and  fungicides;  study  of  diseases  of  the  vine;  chemical 
investigation  of  vines,  grapes,  must,  wines,  soils,  fertilizers,  waters, 
and  agricultural  products;  fertilizer  control;  dairy  investigations, 
including  feeding  experiments.  Among  the  recent  investigations  of 
the  station  are  experiments  with  residues  from  wine  making  as  fertili- 
zers and  as  feeding  stuffs;  experiments  with  explosives  to  prevent 
hailstorms;  investigation  of  carbon  bisulphid,  soot,  and  other  sub- 
stances as  remedies  for  phylloxera;  determination  of  the  influence  of 
copper  fungicides  and  salts  on  the  growth  of  plants  and  on  the  quality 
of  wine,  and  of  the  influence  of  wild  mustard  when  eaten  by  cattle; 
experiments  on  the  destruction  of  weeds  in  fields  of  cereals.  Reports 
of  the  work  are  published  in  Chronique  agricole  du  canton  de  Vaud. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Lausanne. 

Governing  hoard. — Federal  committee  of  supervision. 
Stat /on  staff. — G.  Martinet.  Dir. 
Origin. — Opened  in  1898. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  seeds,  field  tests  of  varieties 
of  potatoes  and  cereals,  cooperative  experiments  with  pasture  grasses-, 
experiments  with  legumes  for  green  manuring,  hybridization  of  pota- 
toes, and  experiments  with  grains  at  different  altitudes.  In  1899 
1,525  samples  of  seeds  were  analyzed.  The  station  gives  advice  to 
farmers  regarding  the  best  varieties  to  plant.  Reports  are  published 
in  Landwirthschaftlickes  JaJirbuch  der  Schweiz  and  Annuaire  agricole 
de  la  Suisse. 

Dairy  School,  Riitti-Zollikofen. 

Govt  ming  board. — A  cantonal  committee  of  six  members:  C.  Hofer, 
Pr(  s.;  A.  Roth,  St  c. 

Station  staff.  —  Dr.  Ernst  Wuthrich,  Dir.  and  Dairy  Bact.;  Rudolf 
Streit,  Form.  Butter  Making;  Jakob  Held,  Oheest  Making;  Johan- 
nes Andreas,  Bookkeeping,  Penmanship*  and  Accounts;  Dr.  Rudolf 


SWITZERLAND. 


219 


Steinegger,  Asst.  Ohem.  Milk  Testing;  Christian  Hirsehi,  Asst.  Cheese 
Make?:  and  Salter. 

Origin.—  Established  in  1890. 

Equipment. — School  building  containing  chemical,  bacteriological, 
and  other  laboratories  used  in  experimental  work;  experimental  cheese 
factory  and  experimental  dairy. 

Income. — Maintained  jointly  by  the  Federal  ai  d  cantonal  govern- 
ments at  an  annual  expense  of  about  $5,000. 

Lines  of  work. — Instruction  in  dairying;  investigations  for  the  pur- 
pose of  protecting  and  controlling  the  local  cheese  and  dairy  business; 
testing  of  dairy  apparatus,  machinery,  and  materials;  scientific  experi- 
ments in  lines  connected  with  dairying,  especially  in  dairy  chemistry 
and  bacteriology. 

Experiment  Station  and  School  for  Fruit,  Wine,  and  Garden  Culture, 

Wadensweil. 

Govt  rning  hoard. — An  intercantonal  commission  of  twenty-one  mem- 
bers: A.  Locher  {Pres.),  Winterthur;  J.  C.  Eschmann  (Sec),  Zurich. 

station  staff. — Dr.  H.  Miiller-Thurgau,  Dir.  and  Plant  Physiol.; 
W.  Keihofer,  Chan.;  M.  Lobler.  Gard.;  H.  Schellenberg,  Ho?'t.  and 
Tit.;  Th.  Zschokke,  In  Charg<  of  Expts.  with  Fruit  Products;  Dr.  J. 
Hofer,  Zool.;  Dr.  A.  Osterwalder,  Asst.  in  Lab.  for  Plant  Physiol, 
and  Femnentations;  A.  Kitt,  Bookkeeper  and  Corresp.  Clerk;  helper.-, 
assistants,  etc. 

Origin. —  Established  in  1891. 

Equipment. — Laboratory  for  plant  physiology;  chemical  laboratory; 
accommodations  for  the  divisions  of  ferments  and  pure  yeast  cultures, 
zoology,  and  fruit  products;  experimental  gardens,  orchards,  vine- 
yards, fruit  and  wine  cellars,  and  press  rooms;  forcing  house,  and 
meteorological  observatory. 

Lines  of  work. — The  investigations  of  the  station  include  a  wide 
range  of  subjects  all  more  or  less  directly  connected  with  the  produc- 
tion and  manufacture  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  Among  them  might 
be  mentioned  experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  cider,  perry,  and 
dried  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables;  investigation  of  root  sys- 
tems, and  of  the  relation  of  seed  development  to  production  of  grapes 
and  some  other  fruits;  vineyard,  orchard,  and  cellar  experiments, 
including  methods  of  pruning,  uses  of  fertilizers,  trellising,  effect  of 
loss  of  leaves  by  hailstorms,  influence  of  cultivating  crops  between 
rows  of  vines  or  fruit  trees,  prevention  of  frost,  combating  downy 
mildew  and  other  diseases  of  the  vine,  improvement  of  grapes,  experi- 
ments in  wine  manufacture  and  handling;  fertilizer  and  other  experi- 
ments in  vegetable  and  flower  gardens  and  forcing  house;  chemical 
investigation  of  fertilizers,  spraying  materials,  and  fruit  products; 
study  of  plant  diseases  and  means  for  combating  them;  bacteriological 
investigation  of  wines,  yeasts,  etc.;  and  meteorological  observations. 


220 


EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Agricultural  Chemical  Experiment  Station.  Zurich. 

Governing  hoard. — Federal  committee  of  supervision. 
Station  staff. — Dr.  E.  A.  Grete.  Dir./  live  or  six  permanent  assist- 
ants and  about  as  many  temporary  assistant-. 
Origin.— Established  in  1878. 

Equipment. — The  station  has  quarters  on  the  rirst  floor  and  in  the 
basement  of  the  Federal  chemical  building.  Here  are  found  the  direct- 
or's office  and  private  laboratory,  a  dark  room,  rooms  for  collections  and 
chemical  apparatus,  laboratory  for  the  determination  of  water-soluble 
phosphoric  acid,  large  general  laboratory,  laboratory  for  potash  deter- 
minations, washrooms,  offices,  storerooms,  etc.  In  1897  a  vegetation 
house  with  tracks  and  cars  for  conveying  pots  out  and  in  was  erected. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  fertilizers  and  feeding 
stuffs.  Twice  a  year  the  station  furnishes  farmers  a  list  of  control 
firms  whose  wares  will  be  analvzed  free  by  the  station.  The  station 
also  analyzes  soils,  milk,  marls,  manures,  sugar  beets,  and  other 
miscellaneous  articles,  and  conducts  vegetation  experiment-. 

Experiment  Station  for  Brewing.  Zurich. 

L.  Fries.  Dir. 

This  is  a  private  institution. 

Seed  Control  Station,  Zurich. 

Governing  hoard.—  Federal  committee  of  supervision. 
Stat  in,,  staff. — Dr.  F.  G.  Stebler.  Dir. :  Eugene  Thiele.  First  Asst.; 
A.  Wolkart,  Asst.  Bot. ;  other  assistants  and  a  clerk.  . 
Origin. — Established  in  1878. 

Equipment. — Laboratory,  greenhouse  for  germination  experiments, 
small  experimental  field  for  culture  tests,  experimental  held  por  litter 
plants  at  Pfaffikon,  and  experiment  held  for  alpine  culture  on  the 
Fiirstenalp  at  Graubiinden. 

Lines  of  work. — Analysis  and  control  of  seeds.  During  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1900,  9,231  samples  were  sent  in  for  analysis  and  the 
individual  investigations  numbered  nearly  22,000.  Lists  of  control 
firms  are  published  for  the  benefit  of  purchasers  of  seeds.  The  other 
work  of  the  station  includes  the  investigation  of  forage  plants,  culture 
tests,  experiments  for  the  improvement  of  meadows  and  pastures  in 
the  valleys  and  on  the  mountain  sides.  Annual  reports  are  published 
in  Landwirthschaftliches  Jahrbuch  der  Schweis  and  Annuaire  Agricole 
de  la  Suisse, 


TUNIS  ZANZIBAR. 


221 


TUNIS. 

Agricultural  School,  Tunis. 

Governing  hoard. — Department  of  Agriculture:  Gustav  Wolfram, 
Chief  of  the  Colonization  Service;  Hugon,  Dir.  of  Ayr.  and  Com. 

Staff. — E.  Bertainchaud,  Dir.;  Rene  Zagey,  Asst.  Agr. 

Equipment. — School  building,  botanical  laboratory,  museum,  jams, 
and  farm. 

Income. — Supported  by  the  State. 

Lines  of  work. — Cultural  and  fertilizer  experiments  with  cereals, 
root  crops,  forage  crops,  and  fruits;  variety  tests,  selection,  and  hybri- 
dization. Reports  of  the  work  are  published  in  the  official  bulletin  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  in  separate  reports. 

Experiment  Station,  Tunis.  a 

Guillochon,  Dir. 

ZANZIBAR. 

Agricultural  Department,  Dung-a. 
Robert  Nunez  Lyne,  Dir.  of  Agr. 

The  department  maintains  two  plantations — one  at  Dunga  under  the 
management  of  W.  J.  Robertson  and  one  at  Tundawa,  Pemba,  under 
H.  Lister — and  a  nursery  at  Nepapa.  The  experiments  consist  mostly 
in  the  introduction  and  testing  of  new  products,  such  as  cocoa,  kola, 
coffee,  tea,  pepper,  vanilla,  cloves,  and  rubber.  Considerable  atten- 
tion is  given  to  methods  of  culture  and  preparing  products  for  market 
in  order  that  a  profit  may  be  realized. 

Victoria  Gardens,  Zanzibar. b 

W.  Buzzacott,  Cur. 


aSee  Colonial  Garden,  Nogent-sur-Marne,  France,  p.  99. 
See  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  p.  142. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


A  Ko  to     IT      1  Rft 

T^q  1  rl  a  ceo  rrc.    v  IfW 

Beseler.  119. 

Rfilfrvnr  T   R    141  143 

XiulllUUl,    X.    X>.,    Ill,  X"lt>. 

Bernard  J.  79. 

Rnllnpr  3Q 

XJ<X  1 1 UCl  .  OS7. 

Bexelin*.  K.  E..  216. 

A         111  Uo,     »'  ilU, 

Biiloux.  S8. 

Bieler.  S..  217. 

Inland    P   T    D  13ft 

Bijlert.  A.  van.  170. 

Ad&ins,     F..  31. 

Baptiste.  J.  F.,  69. 

Bijoux.  F.,  145,  172. 

Bar  be  G..  99. 

Bilderling.  P.  A..  194. 

A 1  l\Ti  Ui  '1*1,    XV.,  IlM, 

Barber.  C.  A..  144.  155. 

Billier.  M.,  89. 

A  h  r    T     1  34 

RjiTvUilnvvVi   I  1Q1 

UUuallCToUi  O  .  . 

Billon.  85. 

AitVpn    \    P  141 

ailACJJ|   -A .   X  ..  111. 

JJ.11C~.     »»  ..  Ai7. 

Bisbop.  G.  A..  143. 

Alard.  M.  97. 

R-irill-it  QJ 

JJil  1  1  1 1  <l  l,  iTX ■ 

Blair.  \Y.  S..  74. 

Alba   F  100 

R  i  risi'h 

X>(11  1^1.  11,  Utfi 

Blau.  A.,  54. 

\lhprf  F  191 

R**i  rii\ t n    F  1**'} 

JJil  1  11  >  L  Cl  1 1 ,    I  .,   1— J. 

Bleisch,  C.  130. 

Alhnnnf>rnnp    T    P  Hp 

Rorni    T T     1  £•> 
-T><1  I J  »I ,  L  . .  JO—. 

Blondel.  R..  97. 

Alen.  J.  E..  210,  216. 

Ro  rrA«   fi    A           ir  1 
Daiiu?,  yj .  V7.  ill.  J1-.  i  n. 

Blum.  C.  A..  212. 

A 1  forrl    T  31 

AllUl'l,   0.t  C»X, 

XJti  I  1 11 .  llo. 

Blumfeld.  F.  von.  39. 

Ali.  J.  S.  155. 

"Rii  rt  m  ii  ti  ti    F  100 

AJtl  1  I  111 (1 1 1  1 1  .              1  \J\J . 

Bobierre  \  Q7 

Alia.  sx. 

Bobrinski.  201. 

Allen.  E.  W.  2. 

Rartcr-Vi  11*1 

Bcicklen.  130. 

Almeida,  J.  V.  de.  184. 

£><IT>>V  V>  1  l^.    fUU,  1_^. 

Bode,  121. 

-A  1  I  1 1  '.'1 1  .  i.\JV. 

Bassiere.  99. 

Boerlajje  J  G  169. 

A.  m^l  i  nr-L- v   P  fV> 

-A  1J1C1 1  III,          ,    V.,    1'  — .  ■ 

Batcht'lor.  E.  E..  36. 

Rncrlt>Ti    V   <  '>(Vl 

Andersson.  J.  A..  213  216. 

Bohmerle  C  45 

Andouard  A.  97. 

Ba  inn  ei>tcr.  131. 

Bolla.  J.  J..  30. 

And<>uard  P  97. 

Banmert,  G..  121. 

Rollp    T  41 

UI_»11C  <}  . ,  11. 

Andre.  G..  95. 

x>e<ti.  »» .  tx.f  -. 

Ro  1 1  i  \y*  >  r    R  ~\ 

1_>IM11&£11.    1\ .  ,  \JO. 

A  ti  A  rnd  <    1     9\  R 

.A  11HI  C<1>.  <t  ■  •  —  1  ■ 

R.i<-  L-    T      111  1^1 

Dei  k.  j..  m.  ioi. 

RiiniMr    A  1911 
JJUUUCl,  -A..  lOU. 

Andrlik.  K..  18. 

Ron    ni  a   P   1  79 
xjoiiiiiiitr.  i^.  ii.. 

A  ii  nis    A    F  Zi\ 

.Allium,    -  . .    L...  (II. 

lit  Ml  OK  I,  ^.  A.,  fO. 

Rnro    I>    T  "J 
iJl-illC.  1  .   1  . .   i  4. 

Intplm*  P  IW 

.A  1 1  1 C 1  HI  I.  .   v.,  11.. 

Buiitiio  no 

Rmnii>->r  Ul 

1>'  Ml  11  11    I  .    VT.,    t»l  . 

Annf-l  no 

.AJiJ/d.  111/. 

i3cii i .  n . .  id-t . 

r< iii ni it-i t  \r  uv> 

1JW11  1 1  Olil  I .    US 1U-. 

irmilvi    T    F  i\\ 

.AlclUlJcl,    J..  l»-». 

X>cll  1  CUU .  11/17. 

Ri  icirvin -i    \\*    12     1  TO 

UU*  'I  >111<1,    »l  .  '  T  .  ,  lli^. 

Anlen  S  145 

DCUICUU]    1  ..  i—  O. 

Bor'lisra  0  16** 

A  rrl  i  l-i  vn    1  J 0 

.AlvJlltlt  11.  I'll/. 

RpIitptk   T  "\t1A 

1>C111CI1>.  1..  1UO. 

Borg,  .1  171. 

Rc»liri'iiv    T  1*^^ 

1>C  111  l_  11^.  o.t  10*1. 

131  '1  11  I  1  HKC  1  ,    .A.,  11'.. 

Arne  11.  K..  216. 

Bellucci  G.,  165. 

Bos.  J.  Ritzema.  174. 

Anns.  103. 

Below,  von.  117. 

BGttcher.  O..  129. 

Arutz.  112. 

Belrupt.  39. 

Boulongne.  92. 

Ascarate,  v..  207. 

Benesebovvky.  A..  41. 

Boulter.  W.,  76. 

Aschoff,  F..  115. 

Bennich.  C.  H.  H.  de.  206. 

Bourdon.  E..  92. 

Astrne,  98. 

Bente,  F..  117. 

Bourgeoi-.  A..  97. 

Atterberg.  A..  211. 

Berger,  123. 

Bourne.  A.  G..  144.  1-Vl. 

Aubie.  G..  172. 

Berghe.  J.  van  den.  62. 

Bovell.  J.  R..  68.  143. 

Aubry.  L..  130. 

Bergrstrand.  J.  0..  215. 

Bower.  F.  0..  141.  143. 

Auraann,  C.  123. 

Berlese.  A..  162. 

Boynthon.  L..  36. 

Avebury,  142. 

Bernhont,  J.  M..  169. 

Branch.  G.  F..  69. 

Berseh.  W..  53. 

Brand.  J..  130. 

Backhaus.  A..  126,  127. 

Bertaineband.  E..  221. 

Brandi.  94. 

Baekhaus.  R..  lis. 

Bertbanlt.  91. 

Brandseh.  E..  44. 

Bao-sler.  P..  127. 

Berthelot,  95. 

Branes.  R..  133. 

Baier.  E.,40. 

Berthoud.  G.  F..  38. 

Branitski.  Countess  M.  E.. 

Bailey.  F.  M..  31.  115. 

Bertoni,  Iff.  8.,  184. 

Braum.  M.,  88. 

Bailhache.  105. 

Bertrand.  105. 

Braun.  R..  127. 

Baker,  R.  T.,  3:3.  14ft, 

Besana.  C.  160. 

Breda  de  Haan.  J.  van.  17 

224 

Bremer.  130. 

Bretigniere,  91. 

Brick,  C,  122. 

Briosi,  G..  162. 

Brioux,  85. 

Briscoe,  J.,  69,  143. 

Broadway,  W.  E..  69,  143. 

Broman.  J.  F.,  213. 

Brooks,  G.  B.,  35. 

Brouet,  G.,  92. 

Brown,  T.  W.,  136. 

Bruggen,  B.  M.  van  der,  56. 

Brnijning.  F.  F.,  jr.,  176. 

Brnne,  F.,  133. 

Brnnnemann,  C.  66. 

Brnnnmayr,  H.,  39. 

Brntel  de  la  Riviere,  J.  J.,  169. 

Bubak,  F.,  48. 

Biicheler,  E.,  134. 

Buchner,  134. 

Budrin,  P.  V.,  197. 

Budy,  112. 

Bnhlert,  121. 

Biihring,  L.,  120. 

Bnlkeley,  J.  H.,  33. 

Biilow,  119. 

Biiiteraann,  112. 

Burchard,  0.,  122. 

Burtenshaw,  W.  R.,  G9. 

Busche,  von,  123. 

Bushchinski,  K.  S..  195. 

Bussard.  101. 

Buzzacott,  W.,  145,  221. 

Caluwe,  P.  de.  59. 
Cameron,  J.,  144,  152. 
Campanile,  F.,  162. 
Campbell,  E.,  67,  143. 
Campbell,  J.,  69,  143. 
Campbell,  W.  S.,  30. 
Canu,  E.,  87. 
Carey,  L.  S.,  154.  155. 
Carno,  A.  G..  66. 
Carpiaux,  E..  57. 
Carre,  92. 

Carrnthers,  J.  B..  78. 
Carrnthers,  W.,  146. 
Casal,  M.  V.,  30. 
Casali,  A.,  165. 
Cassez,  E.,  97. 
Cassoriii,  E..  165. 
Castillo,  D.  del.  30. 
Caston,  G.  C,  76. 
Catani,  G.,  47. 
Cavalcanti,  A.  B.  U.,  65. 
Chabert,  F.,  95. 
Chalot,  C,  99,  106. 
Chapins,  89. 
Charlton,  J.  R.,  178. 
Chataignier,  M.,  105. 
Chataway,  J.  V.,  33. 
Chauesin,  89. 
Chanzit,  B.,  98. 
Chaves,  ,J.  R.,  30. 
Chipman,  H.  W.,  77. 
( 'hmielewski,  Z.,  40. 
Chodonnsky,  F.,  49. 
Chowday,  D.  T  ,  155. 


INDEX  OB'  NAMES. 

Chuard,  E.,  216,  218. 
|  Cieslar,  A..  45. 
J  olaes,  P..  61. 
I  Clark,  V.  A..  21. 
|  Clarke,  W..  75. 
j  Clifton,  E.,  179. 

Cluss,  120. 
|  Cobb,  G.,  31. 
!  Collins,  G.  T.,  37. 
!  Colomb-Pradel,  E.,  97. 

Comes,  O.,  162. 
j  Concha,  H..  79. 

Cornu,  A..  89. 
j  Coujard,  88. 
I  Cousins,  H.  H.,  69. 

Contte,  103. 

Cradwick,  \V.,  69. 
j  Creelman,  G.  C,  75. 
!  Crispo,  D.,  57. 
]  Crochetelle.  J.,  93. 

Crosby,  D.  J.,  2,  21. 

Cuboni,  G.,  163. 

Cucovich,  J.  B.,  47. 

Cuenot,  L.,  97. 

Cugini,  fi.,  161. 

Curtis,  C,  145,  207. 
j  Czerhati.  S.,  147. 

|  Da  bat,  91. 
j  Dafert,  F.  W.,  53. 

Dambmann,  111. 

Dannfelt,  H.  B.  J.,  215. 

Daubree,  83. 

Davel,  R.  J.  30. 

Davies,  H.  J..  144,  151. 

Day,  G.  E.,  74. 

Dean,  H.  H.,  74. 

Debono,  F.,  145,  171. 

Degen,  A.  de.  149. 

Degenhardt,  130. 

Deherain,  P.  P..  91. 

Dehn,  N.  von,  205. 

Delacroix,  101. 

Delafoy,  88. 
I  Dellattre,  84. 

Delaude,  D.,  57. 

Delbriick.  M.,  109. 

Demonchy,  P.,  169. 

Dempsey,  W.  H.,  76. 

Dennhart.  109. 

Dennissenko.  K.  J.,  187. 

Deranyi.  I.,  146. 

Derham,  F.  T.,  38. 

Derry.  R.,  145. 

Desprez,  M.,  jr.,  88. 

Deucher,  A.,  216. 

Devarda,  A.,  41. 

Devel,  M.,  203. 

Deventer,  M.  van,  170. 

D'Hondt,  57. 

Dietrich,  117. 

Dietrich,  T.,  128. 

Dieudonne,  P.,  97. 

Djakonow,  R.  A..  188. 

Doherty,  M.  W..  75. 

Dohna,  126. 

Doll,  123. 
I  Donath,  109. 


Dore,  F.  W.,  173. 
Dorronsoro,  A.,  207. 
Dorsch,  R.,  115. 
Dotwell,  J.  B.,  70. 
Doutte,  88. 
Dowers,  A.  W.,  69. 
Draenert,  F.  M.,  66. 
Drude.  O.,  117. 
Dryden,  J.,  74. 
Dnbard,  99. 
Dubcrnard,  A.,  93. 
Duclanx,  E,  100,  101. 
Dufonr,  91. 
DufoUT,  J.,  217. 
Dugast,  J.,  29. 
Duhamel,  105. 
Duncan,  T.  Y.,  178. 
Dunn.  S.  T.,  142. 
I  DunniclirY.  A.  A.,  32. 
Dunstan,  M.  J.  R..  138. 
Duplessis,  100. 
Dupont,  91. 
Dupre,  F.,  165. 
Dupuy,  92. 
Dupuy,  J.,  83. 
Durot.  84. 
Dusserre,  C.  217. 
Duthie,  J.  F.,  145,  156. 
Duval,  89. 
*    Dyakov,  V.N.,  199. 
Dybowski,  J.,  99. 

Eberhard,  R.,  132. 
Ebers,  YV.,  128. 
Eckenbrecher,  von,  109. 
Edgar,  J.  S.,  36,  145. 
Edington,  A.,  77. 
Edler.  124. 
Edwall,  G.,  66. 
Edwards,  A.,  172. 
Edwards,  W.  T.  A.,  172. 
Ehrmann,  C,  51. 
Eichmann,  A.,  216. 
Elias,  111. 
Ellenberger,  117. 
Elliott,  T.  H.,  136. 
Elot,  99. 

Emmerling,  A..  125. 

Enfiadzianetz,  194. 

Erb.en,  T.,  51. 

Eriksson,  J.,  209. 

Ermant.  92. 

Eschmann,  J.  C,  219. 

Essen,  A.  W.,  209. 

Etami,  8.,  168. 

Etienne  (Paris),  101. 

Etienne  (Saint-Etienne),  104. 

Eugling,  W..  39. 

Evans,  J.,  142. 

Evans,  L.  A.,  37. 

Evans,  W.  H.,  2. 

Ewald,  G.,  55. 

Fabinyi,  151. 
Fabre,  104. 
Fahrenholz.  E.,  132. 
Falke,  F..  121. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


225 


Fallada.  0..  54. 

Ghigi,  F.,  160. 

Haack.  109. 

Fallot.  86. 

Giannetti.  C,  165. 

Haas.  115. 

Farsky.  F..  51. 

Gibb,  G.,  145,  179. 

Haas,  B.,  43. 

Fascetti.  G..  160. 

Giglioli,  I..  162,  165. 

Haass,  E.,  128. 

Fassbender,  G.,  125. 

Gilbert,  115. 

Hagemann.  O..  111. 

Fauehere,  99.  172. 

Gilbert,  A.  G..  72. 

Hagen,  IC,  108. 

Fawcett,  W..  69, 143. 

Gilbert.  J.  H..  142. 

Ha  ken,  W.  von.  199. 

Fechner.  K.,  118. 

Gilchrist,  D.  A.,  137. 

Halenke.  A.,  133. 

Fegan.  J.  L..  30. 

Gill,  T.  P.,  140. 

Hall,  A.  D..  137. 

Feilitzen.  C.  H.  J.  von,  211. 

Gillanders.  F..  179. 

Halla,  A.,  53. 

Feilitzen.  C.  M.  von,  208. 

Gillern,  H.  von,  129. 

Hallay,  M.,  199. 

Ferguson,  H.  S.,  144,  158. 

Gillhaussen,  von,  109. 

Hallman.  E.  C,  75. 

Fernando.  D.  D..  78.  144. 

Giovanelli,  de,  39. 

Hals,  S.,  181. 

Fernau.  A..  54. 

Girard,  89. 

Hamerak.  R..  46. 

Fingerling.  123. 

Giroucourt,  de,  103. 

Hammar.  F.  K.  S.,  214. 

Fingerling,  A..  128. 

Gisi,  J.,  216. 

Hanamann.  J..  45. 

Fischer.  M.,  128. 

Given,  103. 

Hanbury.  R.  W.,  136. 

Fischer,  W.,  43. 

Glomstad.  J.,  184. 

Hander,  109. 

Fisher,  S.  A.,  71.  72. 

Gluer,  126. 

Handow,  109. 

Fjord,  N.  J..  26,  81. 

Goethe,  R..  118. 

Hansen,  A.  J..  S3. 

Flammarion,  C,  92. 

Gohlert.  V..  41. 

Hansen,  E.  C,  82. 

Fleckinger.  102. 

Goldie,  W.,  145,  178. 

Hansen,  F.,  80. 

Fleischer,  M..  112. 

Goldiner.  F..  109. 

Hansen,  K.,  82. 

Fleischmann.  W..  120. 

Goldschmidt.  F..  109. 

Hansen,  O.,  80. 

Fletcher.  J..  72. 

Gollan,  W.,  145.  156. 

Hanusch.  F.  X..  47. 

Foaden.  G.  P..  83. 

Goltschke,  114. 

Harcourt.  R..  74,  75. 

Ford,  C.  144. 

Gorman,  C.  H.,  33. 

Hardy.  T..  36. 

Forster.  O.,  115. 

Gosch,  J.,  126. 

Harris.  T.  J..  69. 

Frank.  L.,  125. 

GoslicrT,  109. 

Harris.  W.,  69,  143. 

Freist,  F.,  126. 

Gossel,  F.,  128. 

Harrison,  F.  C,  74. 

Fremantle.  S.  H..  153,  154. 

Gottsch,  H..  132. 

Harrison,  J.  B.,.66. 

Frese,  R.,  113. 

Gouirand,  89. 

Hart,  J.  H..  70,  71.  144. 

Fresenius,  H.,  135. 

Gourret.  90. 

Hartmann.  109. 

Freudenreich,  E.  von,  217. 

Graftiau,  J.,  61. 

Hartmann,  L.,  128. 

Freudl,  E..  53. 

Graham,  G.,  37. 

Haselhoff.  E..  130. 

Freyer.  F.,  53. 

Graham.  W.  R.,  75. 

Hasenbaumer,  130. 

Friedrich.  J..  45. 

Gram,  H.  C.  O.,  80. 

Hasse,  109. 

Fries,  L.,  220. 

Gramabica,  K.  von,  50. 

Hasselman.  W.,  170. 

Friis.  F..  81. 

Grandeau.  L.,  21, 23. 83, 84, 97, 100, 

Haunalter.  E.  von,  53. 

Frou,  99. 

102. 

Haura,  88. 

Fruwirth.  C.  123. 

Grass,  von.  109. 

Havclka,  C,  49. 

Fuller.  F.  L..  77. 

Gray,  G.,  178. 

Hayashi,  Y.,  165. 

Funolius,  114. 

Green,  H.  E.,  78. 

Haydon,  R.  W.,  138. 

Futterer,  W.,  128. 

Greenacr  ,  B.  W..  173. 

Haydon.  W..  145. 

Gregoire,  A.,  57. 

Haymann,  109. 

Gagin,  190. 

Greif,  W.,  49. 

Hazard.  J.,  129. 

Gaillot.  L..  92. 

Grete,  E.  A..  220. 

Hazewinkel.  J.  J..  171. 

Gain,  E.,  97. 

Grevillius.  A.  Y.,  125. 

Hebebrand.  A..  128. 

Galli,  E.,  162. 

Griessen,  A.  E.  P..  144.  151. 

Hecke,  L.,  55, 

Gammie.  G.  A..  144.  156. 

Grimley.  E.  i  Australia),  34,  145. 

Hecker,  H.,  111. 

Ganzenmuller,  134. 

Grimley,  E.  (Reunion;,  99. 

Hediard,  84. 

Garbe,  R.,  201. 

Grimm,  122. 

Hein,  H.  G..  145.  153. 

Garlitski,  E.  F.,  196. 

Grisdale,  J.  H.,  72. 

Heinrich.  R.,  132. 

Garnitsch-Garnitski,  N.  M.,  202. 

Grote,  120,  123. 

Heinze,  114. 

Garola,  C.  V.,  88. 

Grotenfelt,  G.,  1%. 

Hcinzelmann,  109. 

Gassend,  94. 

Groves,  A.  H.,  69.  143. 

Held.  J.,  218. 

Gayand,  104. 

Gruber,  126. 

Hellriegel.  111. 

Gayon,  U.,  86. 

Griming,  109. 

HellstrOm.  P.,  212. 

Gebhardt,  K.,  133. 

Guilfoyle,  W.  R.,  38,  145. 

Hemsley.  W.  B..  142. 

Geerkens,  124. 

|  Guillochon,  99,  221. 

Henderson,  J.,  35. 

Geinitz,  132. 

Guillon,  J.  M.,  89. 

Hendrick,  J.,  57. 

Gentilliez,  92. 

Guinon,  88. 

HenifT.  207. 

Georgs,  119. 

Gunther  (Brunswick),  114. 

Henneberg,  109. 

Gerdess.  C,  113. 

Gunther  (Munrter),  130. 

Hcnneberg.  W.,  119. 

Gerlach.  132. 

Guozdenovic\  F..  50. 

Henriques,  V.,  80. 

Gerlach,  M..  131. 

Gurney,  H.  P..  137. 

Henry.  E..  97. 

Gerloczy,  G.,  149. 

Gyllenkrook  von.  214. 

1  Henseval,  M.  M.,  .58. 

22018— No.  Ill'— 02  15 


226 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Henznld,  0..  116. 

Jacques,  99. 

Herfeldt.  E.,  111.                       1  Jahns,  119,  120. 

floir,    T      1 QO 

Herold.  C.  130. 

Jalowetz,  E.,  55. 

Klein  0..  184. 

Herrmann.  P.,  130. 

Jamieson,  T.,  138. 

jts-ienze.  >i .  \  ou,  oy. 

Herrmann.  R.,  130. 

Janowski,  B.  von,  44. 

I'lion    d  107 

Herstatt.  W.,  125. 

Jarrott.  R.,  35. 

yiimmor  "M  117 
JVlllllLLlcr,  Al . ,  XX  /  . 

Herzberg.  P.,  107. 

Jassa,  186. 

ITliTTO-    AT  loo 

Kimg,  JSfl..,  166. 

Herzfeld.  A..  110. 

Jenman,  G.  S.,  66,  67, 143 

T^"  1  i  ,  w  r  i  i    T    (  '  OrtA 

iviinge.  j  .  yjr. .  zw. 

Herzog.  A.,  133. 

Jensen,  u.  u.,  ou. 

iviou  \  on,  njy. 

Hesse.  128. 

Jensen,  O.,  217. 

Knoetsch,  131. 

Heyl,  J.  W.,  169. 

Joffeni,  101. 

L'nhiic    T    Ti     1  "1 

Hilborn.  W.  W.,  76. 

Johannesson,  F.,  216. 

T  " .". , .  1  -    /  '  An 
1VOCK,  Kj.t  40. 

Hildebrand.  A.  H.,  158. 

Johannsen,  W.,  82. 

T "" /  ./  \T>  1 T  on 

ivoenier.  uu. 

Hiltner,  110. 

Jonnson.  \> .  H.,  lob,  144. 

ivonier,  i  w. 

HirSCll,  J.  1*..  IoU. 

Joliret,  86. 

Kohler,  A.  (Konigsberg) ,  127. 

uirsciii,  c,  *.iy. 

Jolly,  90. 

Komer.  A.  (Moe kern),  129. 

xiiiicner,  lzo. 

Jones,  H.,  76. 

Konier.  132. 

xioier,  l.,  *»io. 

TArIQQ    T      AQ  ]AQ 

j ones,  j.,  oy,  i<±o. 

Kohlmann,  130. 

ttr\(ar    T     01 Q 

xioier,  j  . ,  s  ty. 

1  i"i  n  Ct' ATI     TJ      Ol  Q 
JOI1SSOI1,  X5..  ZLo, 

Kohlrausch.  0..  54. 

TT  ^^T.s  .  n  TT       1  (  iQ 

xiorinian,  iuy. 

Jordan,  A.  J. ,  70. 

ivonnsen,  iou. 

xionmeiMer,  i^.,  oz. 

Josni,  K.  ».,  154. 

ivoiiar,  a.  j  ..  44. 

xlUlIIllcl^lcI ,  >>  ..  1-4. 

Jourdan,  90. 

Komers,  K.,  53. 

XT^fL-or    1  fiQ 

Juncker.  M.,  125. 

Konig,  109. 

Hogg.  S..  32. 

Jungner,  131. 

Konig.  J.,130. 

Hoje^kv  J.  53. 

TlTT-i'trr    C     XT  7ft 

j uruz,  \y.  r .,  to. 

Koningsberger,  J.  C,  170. 

Holland.  J.  H.  145. 

T,1£.+     Af      1  OQ 

J  list.  D9L,  l*.y. 

Koorders,S.  H.,170. 

Holleufer.  110. 

Korbacker,  115. 

Hollrung,  M.,  121. 

Kableehkoff,  A.,  71. 

Kornauth,  K.,55. 

Holmgren.  A.  E.,  208. 

Kadel,  115. 

Kornev,  189. 

Holtze,  M.,  36.  146. 
Holtze.  N.,  36,  145. 

Kagami.  Y..  169. 
Kalb,  G.,  120. 

Kossarev,S.N.,204. 
KosutAny,  T.,  148. 

Homeyer,  von,  117. 

Kallay.  0..  150. 

Kotelnikov,  N.  G.,  192. 

Hoppe,  E.,  53. 
Hoppich.  K.,  205. 
Horn,  108. 

Kambersky.  0.,  52. 
Kamerling.  Z.,  170. 
Kanitkar,  P.  G.,  144, 153. 

Koufimsky.  L.,45. 
Kownatzki.  109. 
Kozeschnik.  F.,  41. 

Horny.  C.  42. 
Hoshisaki,  S.,  168. 
Hotter.  E.,  42. 
Houston.  D.,  139. 

Kanstrom,  G.,  211. 

IVUIflUcLU*  ,  *^..,  xyo. 

Karpinski,  A.,  40. 

ft)  rt7r>\-  1QA 

ivciiizo\ ,  iyu. 

Kramer,  E.,  43. 
Kramers,  J.G.,  170. 
Krandauer,  134. 
Kriinker,114. 

Houzeau.  A..  103. 

Kassovitch,  201. 

Kraus,  134. 

Hudson.  G.  S..  70. 

Katz,  130. 
Kaufmann.  F.,  216. 

Kraus,  C.,130. 

Huggard.  R.  L.,  76. 
Hugon,  221. 
Hugues,  98. 

Krauss,  B.,  130. 

Kavli,  A.,  181. 

JVIcllloZ.,  *.0±. 

Hulander.  0..  211. 

Kayser,  101. 

ivraui,  xi.,  x*.o. 

Hunt,  R..  66,  143. 

Kayser,  E.,  99. 

f-0;cc  1 0A  107 

xvreiss,  i*»o,  lzi. 

Huppenthal,  K.,  40. 

Kees.W.,  156. 

Krenz,  ioi. 

Husen,  K.  A..  180. 

Keil,  109. 

Kreps.  V..  43. 

Huss,  O.,  55. 

k.einoter,  >> .,  ziy. 

Kretchmer,  F.,  111. 

Hutcheson,  D.,  77. 

Keiiner,  u.,  I2y. 

Kreusier,  r .,  ixz. 

Hutchins,  D.  E..  77. 

Kennecij ,  \> .  A.  (lnuia) ,  144,  l&z. 

ivnciiauiT,  r  .  n,.  xi.  >> .,  oo. 

TT,.  *  U       T  111 

Hutn,  J .,  ill. 

Kennedy.  W.  A.  ( Mauritius 1 .145. 

Krishnaiya,  H.  V.,  152. 

tt:;  *  i .  :  ,    i  r\c\ 

Hutnig,  luy. 

172. 

"LT  T.r-,TTT  TTT  T  TT  ITO     "P  197 

rvrommiiiKe.  r .,  1*1/ . 

XT.,*.*.     TT     T        *"  i     ^-x     —  C 

HUtt,  H.  L.,  ii,  10,  iO. 

T.-£iT.r.L-Vi/-\fiP  P     1  on 

rv.ercK.nori,  k,.,  iou. 

Krueger,  118. 

Kern,  J .,  l2o. 

Krug,  u.,  100. 

Iggena,  127. 

Kerpeij ,  K. ,  149, 15U. 

Kriiger,  120. 

Igler,  123. 

Kharitonenko.  P.  I.,  187. 

Kriiger  (Berlin),  110. 

Immendorff,  H.,  112. 

Khomikow,  185. 

Kriiger  (Halle),  120. 

Issouribehere,  P.  J.,  30. 

Kiessling,  134. 

ivniger,  r .,  16Z. 

Ito,  I.,  168. 

Kinch,  E.,  139. 

Krumoiegei.  (j.  a..,  144, 10*;. 

Iyer.  A.  K.  Y.  X..  152. 

Kirchner,  0.,  123. 

Kudashev  198. 

Kircnner,  w ., izo. 

Kiihn,  127. 

Jablonovsky,  J.,  148. 

Kirsten,  A..  132. 

T  7-  ' ',  1^  „      T  IOI 

Kunn.  J..  121. 

Jackson,  H.  V.,  32. 

Kitski,  189. 

TT  , ,  1  „     T  QO 

xvuie,  iou. 

Jackson,  J.  R.,  143. 

Kitt,  A.,  219. 

Kulisch.  P.,  114. 

Jackson,  W.,  67. 

Klappert.  130. 

Kundrat.  F.,  47. 

Jacky,  E.,  132. 

Klassert,  127. 

Kiinnemann,  124. 

Jacobi,  110. 

Klaucke,  130. 

Kuntze,  L.,  121. 

INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


227 


Kuroda  T.,  168. 

Locher,  A.,  219. 

McAlpine.  141. 

Kuroki.  W..  168. 

Locbhead.  \V.,  74,75. 

MeBean,  J.,  l4o,  1/8. 

Kutzleb,  V.,  113,  132. 

Locusteanu.  A.  .T..185. 

MeCallum,  A.,  75. 

Kyas,  0.,  40. 

Loesewitz,  von.  117. 

McClellan,  J.  B.,  139. 

Lofgren,  A..  66. 

McClounie,  J.,  143. 

Laborde.  86. 

Loges.  G.,  131. 

Met. ue,  J .  J .,  oi. 

Lacassagne.  105. 

Loisel.  92. 

MeDermott.  P.  J.,  33. 

Lacaze-Duthiers.  de,  85. 

Lomberg,  E..  210. 

McDonald,  F.,  32. 

Laer,  van,  130. 

Lomonosov,  P.  M.,  193. 

McFadyean,  J.  M.,  139. 

Lafontaine.  98. 

Loos,  108. 

McKeown,  G.  M..  32. 

Lagatu,  H.,  96. 

Lorey,  T.  von.  134. 

MeLaenlan,  D.  (_.,  30. 

Lagrange,  G.,  92. 

Lonnsbnrg.  C.  P..  77. 

Xf-T      ,1  K  1  -»  »i      T      AT  O** 

.McLacnlan.  J.  M.,  3b. 

Laidet,  A.,  97. 

Louise,  87. 

McLean.  P.,  33. 

Lambert,  96. 

Lowrie.  W.,  178. 

-McMillan,  H.,  144. 

Lanipa,  S.,  208. 

Lue,  99. 

Mcissner,  G.,  115. 

LailC<l>lt  I ,  1  . ,  1-t-i,  IdZ. 

T  ii/iiaIi     T      1  =,1 

L/UClCxL,  J .,  lol. 

Mci^sncr,  R.,  11$. 

T  •> i-i o-  lln 

l^tiii^r.  no. 

Luehmann.  J.  G.,  38,145. 

Mendel,  von,  121. 

Lang,  A.,  130. 

Luff.  134. 

Mendoza,  J.  H.  de,  207. 

Lang,  x>.  -u .  i\..  i<u. 

Lundgaard,  H.,  181. 

Menkhaus,  112. 

i>ang.  i^.  xl..  r .,  ioy. 

Lunt.  W.,  70, 144. 

Menozzi,  A.,  160. 

Lange.  109. 

Lyne.  R.  X..  221. 

-ueiuzei,  ri.,  1.1. 

Langerlof.  D.,  187. 

Lyttkens.  E..  210. 

Mereier,  60. 

Langie.  C.  von.  44. 

Metzgcr.  115. 

Langworthy,  C.  F.,2. 

Mace,  E.,  97. 

meyer,  vt.  ri.  1.,  m,  id-. 

Lapchin.  95. 

Mach,  F.,  128. 

oiv  \er,  jn.«,  ioi. 

L,ars>en,  x>.  K.,  lou. 

MEC&,  Llo. 

Meyer  W.  108. 

Lauderwald,  126. 

^r,,,].,,..      \  NQ 

MiiCkaj  ,  A.,  t3. 

Mevssel  98. 

Lavoine,  L.,  92. 

MacMahon,  P.,  34,145. 

^^^f>h!l  li  iwslri    T  1'>"^ 
i v i/ciiv »>  .^i^i .  j.,  i^o. 

Lan  es,  J.  B.,  142. 

SiacMUian,  h.  f.,  w. 

-•llVUViVl,   i. .  O.y  lol. 

Lawson.  H.  W.,  2. 

Maeoun.  J.,  77. 

Michon  86. 

Lebedew,  186. 

Maeoun.  W.  T.,  72. 

\\\  lr  n  1  *  lW'tk'  1-1*1^1111  irwl.'  i  1(1 

Lechartier,  G.,  103. 

MacOwan,  R.,  77,78,144. 

Mill/Mi   W  70 

Leelezio,  H.,  172. 

Maddox.  F.,  37. 

Mil  linn    F  QJ 
-il  11  lilt  11,  r- . ,  y4. 

Ledien,  117. 

Magalhiies,  A.,  185. 

Lees.  D.  H.,  157. 

Magnus,  127. 

.ii  i nine,  r  . ,  io—. 

Lefcbvre,  M.,  92. 

Mahaluxniivala.  C.  IX,  144.152. 

.11 1  U|g  1V)1 1 ,  H.,  10-. 

Le  Feuvre,  R.  F.,  79. 

Mahon,  J..  34. 

-illKiieil,  VT. ,  14D,  I/O. 

Lefort,  84. 

.Maiden.  J.  H.,  83, 14o. 

Mircliiill    T    (I  7H 
-illlvlltll,  J.  VT.,  / O. 

Lehman,  A.,  152. 

Malm,  O.,  180,182. 

vyr  liimm    tt*    i  cc 
.ilUMlwl.  loo. 

T  olimiitiTi      TT*  lift 

i^enniann,  r.,  iiy. 

Maltzan.  von,  132. 

-'lot  ,  r  .  -> .,  ioi. 

Leibner,  115. 

Maneheron,  98. 

_in>lir,  r. .  V- .  J.,  1 /U. 

Leizour,  H.,  93. 

Manoucheff,  B.,  71. 

Molinari,  de,  60. 

Lejeunne,  R.,  172. 

Manso  de  Tuniga.  V.  C,  207. 

Molineux,  A.,  36. 

Leniarie,  99. 

Manual,  R.  L.,  184. 

Moiier,  ioi. 

Lemeke.  A.,  127. 

Marchal,  P..  100. 

\f  .'^1  1 TT ,  1 1 ♦      IT  O.l 

MOiier-rtOISC,  h..,  oZ. 

Lemee.  C,  30. 

Marienhagen,  109. 

JMlOlllSOn.,  J.  W  .,  loo,  lot. 

Leinmermann,  L.,  124. 

Maries,  C.  144,  153. 

-iiouaco,  c,  ioj. 

Leonarai,  vt..  io2,  lbo. 

Marti,  J.  M..  207. 

Montanari,  M.,  162. 

Martin,  98. 

11,..,,..,      T,"     W        111  1,1'i 

jnuorc,  r.  ii .,  hi,  I4cs. 

.Leieiiier,  y^. 

Martin.  ('..  94. 

-Moore,  j.  u.,  /U,  144. 

JUlUUbU,  L>.,  -ii . 

Martin,  D.,  38. 

/AUacJ&UUj   11  .  11.,  lOo,  104. 

.Licnroin.  u.,  loo. 

Martinet,  G.,  218. 

Morgcn,  A.,  123. 

Liebermann,  L.,  149. 

Martret,  99. 

Moritz,  110. 

.Liecntl,  r..  21/. 

Marzuriez,  92. 

Morris,  D.,  67,  68,  69,  143. 

1.1  illt.  \j,  \J.,  1/8. 

Mas,  A.  A..  205. 

Morschock,  126. 

L.inarci,  iuo. 

Maskopf,  C,  109. 

1  i  twt     /  3  OfiG 

Mason,  T.  H.,  75. 

Mosschatos,  113. 

Lindemann,  O.,  126. 

Mason,  \V.  G.,  78. 

Mozziconnaci,  84. 

Lindley-Cowen,  L.,  38. 

Masse ron,  93. 

AT,",  lil. IT  KM 

M Utile,  K.,  lol. 

Lindner,  109. 

Massink,  A.,  169. 

.Muir-.MacKen/.ie,  J .  \> .  1  .,  too. 

Liinnart,  ur.,  14/,  149. 

Masson;  C,  59. 

-ilukerji,  > .  (j.,  10/. 

Linnev  A.  144. 

M'Kluinur'1    /i  1 

MiillpT  (  Ti'i  rriKtii  A  t  \  llfi 

.  1  1  '  .  .  '   .    [1/aiUlOUIUI  llu. 

Lipczynski,  119. 

Mathieu,  85. 

Miiller  (Speier),  133. 

Lister,  H..  221. 

Matthes,  109. 

Miiller,  F.  (Germany),  118. 

Loban,  57. 

Maung,  Se,  158. 

Miiller,  F.  (Switzerland^. 216. 

Lobler,  Iff.,  219. 

Mayer,  A.,  176. 

Miiller,  H.  C,  120. 

Loehen,  T.,  180. 

Mayer,  C,  77. 

Miiller-Thurgau.  H..  219. 

228 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Muller,  von,  132. 

Parmans,  L.,  57. 

Quasig,  R.,  113. 

Munich,  F.,  127. 

Parow,  109. 

Quodling,  H.  O,  35. 

Murray,  A.  J.,  36. 

Parry,  T.,  137. 

Qvam,  O.  H.,  181. 

Musson,  C.  T.,  31. 

Pasqualini,  A.,  160. 

Muth,  F.,  108. 

Passerini,  N.,  164,  165. 

Ramsey,  A.  A.,  35. 

Mvasnikov,  199. 

Passon,  131. 

Rao,  B.  V.,  152. 

Paterno,  E.,  163. 

Raulin,  94. 

Nagel,  109. 

Paturel,  89. 

Raupath,  K.  von,  205. 

Nallino,  G.,  164. 

Pauts,  C,  199. 

Ravaz,  L.,  95. 

Nanninga,  A.  \Y.,  169. 

Pax,  F.,  113. 

Raynor,  T.  G.,  75. 

Nanticr,  A.,  85. 

Peacock,  R.  \Y.,  33. 

Recke,  115. 

Naoi  I.,  168. 

Peart.  A.  YV.,  76. 

Recoura,  89. 

Nash  F.  172. 

Pegoua,  126. 

Reed,  J.  H.,  74. 

Naumann,  C,  125. 

Pelichet,  218. 

Reese,  C.,  126. 

Nebovidskv  F.  42. 

Pelletier,  92. 

Reich  (Berlin),  109. 

Neeb  A.  A.  177. 

Penhallow,  D.  P.,  76,144. 

Reich  (Meyken),  127. 

Nefedof,  G.,  197. 

Pereira,  A.,  184. 

Reichert,  K.,  118. 

Netik,  A.,  51. 

Pereira,  A.  C.,  184. 

Reid,  J.,  183. 

Neubauer,  H.,  113. 

Perruchot,  99. 

Reinmann,  R.,  123. 

Neumann  (Berlin),  109. 

Peter,  von,  118. 

Reisch,  R.,  43. 

Neumann  (Halle),  120. 

Petermann,  A.,  57. 

Reitmair,  O.,  53. 

Neuweiler  G.,  115. 

Peters  (Berlin),  110. 

Remer,  YV.,  113. 

Newton  \Y.  172. 

Peters  (Darmstadt),  115. 

Remington,  J.  S.,  141. 

Nicholson,  F.  A.,  156. 

Peters,  \Y.,  121. 

Remington,  T.  M.,  141. 

Nicholson,  G.,  143. 

Petersen,  P.,  131. 

Remy,  109. 

Nickerl,  J.,  48. 

Petit,  A.,  106. 

Remy,  L.,  57. 

Nielsen,  N.  P.,  82. 

Pettersson,  E.,  216. 

Renault,  102. 

Nikitine,  T.,  185. 

Pettit,  M.,  76. 

Rentzig,  130. 

Nilssen,  M.  F.,  180. 

Pfeiffer,  T.,  113. 

Rettich,  132. 

Nilsson  N.  H.,  214. 

Pfohl,  R.,  46. 

Reynolds,  J.  B.,  74,  75. 

Niacins    T  19fi 

Philippe,  83. 

Rheden,  von,  123. 

i>  1 1  u ,  r  . ,  lot. 

Pickering,  S.,  146. 

Riche,  94. 

Piegard, 100. 

Richter,  L.,  133. 

Nnhhp  F    133  134 

Pielak,  L.,  39. 

Ridley,  H.  N.,  145,  208. 

Nock,  W.,  78,  144. 

Pieres,  R.,  30. 

Ridley,  M.,  145,  154. 

Noel,  P.,  104. 

Pierre,  T.,  87. 

Riechen,  F.,  132. 

Nollet,  99. 

Pitsch,  M.,  132. 

Riecke,  R.,  124. 

Nolting,  132. 

Pizzigati,  160. 

Riehmelt,  P.,  185. 

Noncamp,  F.,  128. 

Plazon,  de,  83. 

Rijn,  J.  J.  L.  van,  175. 

Nowoczek,  A.,  42. 

Plehn,  126. 

Ringelmann,  M.,  102. 

Nydrle,  A.,  49. 

Plenske,  112. 

Ripper,  M.,  53. 

Nyredy,  J.,  151. 

Plunkett,  H.,  140. 

Ritchie,  J.  D.,  178. 

Nyssens,  P.,  59. 

Ponnelle,  86. 

Ritthausen,  127. 

Popovici,  M.,  185. 

Ritzmann,  G.,  126. 

Oelkers,  109. 

Portele,  C.,  50. 

Riviere,  105. 

Okada,  K.,  169. 

Porto,  J.  C,  66. 

Robertson,  R.,  74. 

O'Keefe,  207. 

Post,  T.  von,  215. 

Robertson.  YV.  J.,  221. 

Olsen,  H.,  182. 

Postma,  J.,  177. 

Robin,  L.,  105. 

Omeis,  T.,  135. 

Potel,  H.,  65. 

Robinson,  G.,  172. 

Onda,  T.,  168. 

Pototski,  Countess  M.,  188. 

Rochel,  E.,  102. 

Orr,  W.  M.,  76. 

Pototzki,  I.  A.,  194. 

Rodewald,  H.,  126. 

Ortiz,  J.  A.,  30. 

Pousselot,  P.,  30. 

Rodrigues,  A.  C.,  65. 

Oser,  E.,  39. 

Powell,  H.,  70,144. 

Roeling,119. 

Oshannin,  M.  A.,  197. 

Powys.  R.  A.  N.,  139. 

Roemer,  H.,110. 

Osterwalder,  A.,  219. 

Prain,  D..  144,154,157. 

Roese,  127. 

Otto,  R.,  132. 

Preis,  K.,  48. 

Roesler.  L.,  43. 

Otzuka,  Y.,  169. 

Price,  \Y.  J.,  75. 

Roger,  84. 

Prinsen-Geerligs,  H.  C.,  170. 

Rog6yski,C.,188. 

Pagnoul,  A.,  84. 

Pritzkow,  109. 

Roman,  C.  185. 

Pahl,  C.  N.,  216. 

Prochazka,  B.,  48. 

Romburgh,  P.  van,  169. 

Paisnel.  87. 

Prowe,  125. 

Rommel,  109. 

Palm,  E.,  42. 

Prudhomme,  89, 172. 

Roos,  L.,95. 

Palmer,  \Y.  J.,  179. 

Prunet,  104. 

Rorig.llO. 

Palmeri,  P.,  162. 

Prylewski,  126. 

Rose,  J.  G.,  78. 

Pammer,  G.,  53. 

Putnam,  G.  A.,  75. 

Ross,  C.,  35. 

Papez,  A.  N.,  41. 

Pye,  H„  38. 

Ross,  G.,  179. 

INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


229 


Ross,  M.N.,75. 
Rostrup.O.,82. 
Roth,  A.,  218. 
Rothenbach,109. 
Rotruistrov,V.G.,197. 
Rounet,  88. 
Roux,  102. 
Rowsoin,  H.R.,75. 
Roy,D.L.,152, 155. 
Riimker,  K.  von,  114. 
Ruppin,  126. 
Russell,  H.,  138. 
Ruths,  115. 
Ryf,30. 

Saare,  109. 

Sabanyeev,N.P.,204. 
Sadebeck,  122. 
Sakellario,D.,53. 
Sakovich,L.I.,199. 
Salfeld,A.,112. 
Salvastano,  L.,162. 
Samuels,  J.  F.  H.,169. 
Sands,  W.N.,  68, 143. 
Satervall,T.A.,210. 
Sauer,  130. 

Saunders,  \V.,  72, 73, 74. 
Sawano,J.,166, 167. 
Schaeffer,  114. 
Sehaller,  108. 
Schaller,R.,131. 
Scharpe,110. 
Schellenberg,H.,219. 
Schenke,V.,113. 
Scheusev,S.,198. 
Schindler,  J.,50. 
Schleh,130. 
Schleussner,  J.,113. 
Schlosser,  120. 
Schmid,E.,45. 

Schmidt,  H.  (Hamburg-Horn), 
122.  . 

Schmidt,  H.  (Leitmeritz),44. 
Schmitt,  T.,  53. 
Schmitz,  112. 
Schmoger,  II.,  115. 
Schneidewind,  W.,  120. 
Schoeuemann,  C,  121. 
Schonfeld,  109. 
Schorer,  114. 
Sehoyen,  K.,  184. 
Schoyen,  W.  M.,  183. 
Schreiner,  P.,  134. 
Schrewe,  126. 
Schribaux,  E.,  101. 
Schrijn,  C.  L.,  169. 
Schuch,  J.,  43. 
Schulemann,  124. 
Schulhofer,  S.,  135. 
Schulte,  J.  L,  2. 
Schultze,  H..  114. 
Schulze,  109. 
Schulze,  B.,  113. 
Schulze.  C,  128. 
Schulze,  E.,  216. 
Schiirmann,  112. 


Schuurman.  F.,  177. 

Schwackhofer,  F.,  54. 

Schwarzenberg,  J.  A.  von,  45. 

Scott,  D.  H.,  142. 

Seale,  C.  W.,  71. 

Sears,  F.  C,  77. 

Sebelien,  J.,  181. 

Seelhorst,  C.  von,  119. 

Seers,  F.  W.,  144. 153. 

Seifert,  W.,  43. 

Seissl,  J.,  52. 

Seiner,  M.  M.,  180. 

Semichon,  L.,  98. 

Sempolovski,  A.  (Sobieszyn),201.  j 

Sempolovski,  A.  (Warsaw).  205. 

Sergent,  87. 

Serrughi,  U.,  160. 

Seshita.  T.,  168. 

Sestini,  F.,  165. 

Settegast.  H.,  124. 

Severin,  S.,  195. 

Sharpe,  T.  A..  73. 

Shatilov,  I.  O.,  197. 

Shepherd,  F.  R.,  68. 

Sheringham,  H.  C,  141. 

Sherrington,  A.  E.,  76. 

Shinjo,  S.,  168. 

Shoobridge,  L.  M..  37. 

Shutt,  F.  T..  72. 

Shuttleworth,  A.  E.,  74,  75. 

Siedel,  J.,  128. 

Sieglin,  H.,  123. 

Sijp,  H.  N.  S.  C.  van  der.  177. 

Silva,  D.  F.  de,  78. 

Silva,  S.  de.  7S,  144. 

Simon,  J.,  133. 

Simons,  A.  J.  J.  B.,  78. 

Sinnhold.  H..  124. 

Sintoni,  A.,  160. 

Sixt,  E..  65. 

Sjollema.  B..  175. 

Slaus-Kantschieder,  J.,  50. 

Smahel,  J.,  48. 

Smith,  A.  M.,  76. 

Smith,  C.  141. 

Smith,  C.  B.,  2. 

Smith,  G.  W.,  67. 

Smith.  J.,  180. 

Smith.  J.  J..  169. 

Snellen,  E.,  177. 

Sode,  von  der,  132. 

Soderbaum,  H.  G.,  209. 

Soelberg.  T.,  183. 

Soiptur,  G.,  30. 

Sokhotski,  J.  J.,  194. 

Solberg.  E.,  184. 

Somerville,  W.,  138. 

Soula,  90. 

Soxhlet,  F..  929. 

Sparks,  C.  VY.,  77. 

Spegazzini,  G,  30. 

Spieckermann,  A.,  130. 

Spillut,  S.,  76. 

Sponholz,  K.,  205. 

St.  Clair.  St.  C.  O.,  78. 

Stiilbrand,  C.  G.,  211. 


Standen.  W.  M.,  144, 155. 
Stanek,  V.,  48. 
Stang,  108. 
Stanton,  L.  W.,  36. 
Starz,  W.,  123. 
Stauee.  L..  199. 
Stebler.  F.  G.,  220. 
Steen,  C.  182. 
StefTeck,  120. 
Steglich.  B..  117. 
Stein,  V..  81. 
Steinegger.  R.,  219. 
Stengel,  W.,  126. 
Stephen,  J.  H.,  144,  155. 
Sternquist.  O.,  214. 
Steven,  A.,  185. 
Stevenson,  E.  B.,  76. 
Stewart.  W.  0.,  75. 
Stieher,  G..  110. 
Stift,  A..  54. 
Stockdale.  H.  E..  141. 
Stockel.  126. 
Stodle.  A.,  135. 
Stoffell.  M.,  54. 
Stohr.  50. 
Stoklasa,  J.,  48. 
Stoll.  R..  132. 
Storch.  V.  S..  80,  81. 
Storey,  T.  H.,  114.  158 
Strebel.  E.  V„  123. 
Strecker,  128. 
Streit,  R.,  218. 
Strohmer,  F..  54. 
Strokirk,  C.  G..  211. 
Struve.  109. 
Student,  M.,  109. 
Subbiah,  P.  V.,  153. 
Sula,  J.,  49. 
Summers,  W.  S..  36. 
Sundmacher,  123. 
Sutton,  J.,  31. 
Svoboda,  H.,  43. 
Swaving,  A.  J..  174. 
Symonds.  W.  P.,  156,  157. 
Szyszylowicz.  I.  R.  von,  44. 

Tabart.  T.  A..  37. 
Tacke.  B..  112. 
Tangl,  F.  F..  148. 
Taratinov,  X.  P..  190. 
Tardent.  H.  A.,  35. 
Targioni-Tozzetti,  A.,  159. 
Tatarinov,  202. 
Tanlis,  79. 
Taylor.  A.,  145,  178. 
Teissonnier,  99. 
Teitel,  188. 
Tervooren,  H.,  170. 
Thallmayer,  V..  147. 
Theodor,  115. 
Theoktistov.  A.,  200. 
Thiel.  109. 
Thiele.  E.,  220. 
Thiesing.  H.,  109. 
Thiry,  L..  97. 

Thiselton-Dyer,  W.  T..  142. 
Thompson,  W.  J.,  69,  143. 


230 

Thorns,  G.,  199. 
Thorn,  H.,  144,  152. 
Throssell,  G.,  38,  145. 
Tiemann,  H.,  135. 
Tikheiew,  186. 
Timizyazev,  D.,  186. 
Tishkevich,  V.  S.,  193. 
Tito,  158,  159. 
Toepler,  A.,  199. 
Tolf,  ft.,  211. 
Tomanek,  0.,  55. 
Touchard,  102. 
To  war,  J.D.,36. 
Trabut,  L.,29. 
Treub,M.,169. 
Tromp  de  Haas,  W.  R.,  169. 
Trubetzkoi,  P.  P.,  198. 
True,  A.  C,  2. 
Trybom,F.,210. 
Tubeuf,  von,  110. 

Uhl,J.,116. 
Ulbrecht,R.,115. 
Ullmann,M.,122. 
Ulsch,134. 
Upmeyer,  130. 
Ushimura,  K.,169. 
Utra,G.R.P.  de,65. 

Valder,G.,31. 

Valeton,T.,170. 

Vangengain,  T.  P.,  188. 

Vahha,  J.J.,40. 

Vankeirsbilck,  J.,  145, 172. 

Vassilliere,L.,83,91. 

Vauchez,  102. 

Veenhuizan,  G.,  177. 

Velbel,B.,198. 

Vermail,30. 

Vermorel,  V.,106. 

Verson,E.,161. 

Vette,G.,133. 

Vezin,86. 

Vieth,  P.,  122; 

Vieville,V.,92. 

Vignon,  L.,94. 

Vilhena,P.de,185. 

Ville,  104. 

Vincens,  J.,  105. 

Vines,  S.H.,  143, 146. 

Vitek,E.,48. 

Vittenet,94. 

Vivier,  A.,95. 

Voelcker,J.  A.,138. 

Vogel  (Posen-Jersitz),131. 

Vogel  (Weihenstephan),134. 

Vogel,  von,  112. 

Vogelsang,  109. 

Vogelsang,  von,  130. 

Vogler,  109. 

Voigt,A.,122. 

Volhard,J.,129. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 

Volinskft  M.L.,198. 

Vollers,  V.,131. 

Votocek,E.,48. 

Vries,  K.  L.  de,  177. 

Vuaflart  (Arras), 84. 

Vuaflart  (Boulogne-sur-Mer),87. 

Waby,  J.  F.,67. 

Wade,  J., 70. 

Wagner,  A.,  45. 

Wagner,  G.,  216. 

Wagner,  P.,  115. 

Wahl,  von,  108. 

Wahlberg,  V.,  210. 

Wahlstedt,  L.  J.,  212. 

Waldschmidt,  P.,  128. 

Waldyer,  L.,  130. 

Walland,  H.,  44. 

Wallenberg- Pachaly,  von,  113. 

Wallnitz,  C,  124. 

Walsingham,  142. 

Walton,  A.,  32. 

Ward,  H.  M.,  139,143. 

Ward,  R.,  66. 

Warsage,  F.,  61. 

Waschata,  K.,  50. 

Watts,  F.,70. 

Waugh,T.,  145,178. 

Weber,  C,  112. 

Weber,  F.,  199. 

Wehner,  123. 

Wehnert,  H.,  125. 

Weibull,  M.,216. 

Weigmann,  H.,  126. 

Wein,  E.,  134. 

Weinzierl,  T.  von,  53. 

Weiske,  H.,  114. 

Weiss,  F.,  134. 

Weitz,  O.,  116. 

Welinder,  B.,  214. 

Wellman,  113. 

Wellmann,  A.,  184. 

Werder,  von,  120. 

Werner,  131. 

Wesche,  G.,  121. 

Westerberg,  A.,  215. 

Westh,T.C.,80. 

Westman,  A.,  210. 

Westphalen,  W.  von,  125. 

Whyte,  A.,  143. 

Wiancko,  A.T.,75. 

Wichelhaus,  132. 

Wichmann,  H.,54. 

Wick,  G.,  129. 

Widen,  J.,  213. 

Wiener,  A.,  46. 

Wieninger,  G.,  17. 

Wigman,  H.  J.,  169. 

Wilcox,  E.V.,  2. 

Wild,  J.,  30. 

Wildi,  F.,  108. 

Wilfarth,  H.,  110,111. 


Wilhelmy,  127. 
Wilke,  109. 
Wilke,  F.,  129. 
Will,  H.,  130. 
Williams,  R.  W.,  198. 
Willis,  J.  C,  78,  144. 
Wilms,  119. 
Wimmer,  G.,  110. 
Windisch,  109. 
Windisch,  R.,  119. 
Windthausen,  130. 
Winkler,  H.,  113. 
Winsessen,  112. 
Winter,  T.,  137. 
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Wittmack,  L.,  110. 
Wittmann,  C,  42. 
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Wohltmann,  111. 
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Wolf,  120. 
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Wolfbauer,  J.  F.,  53. 
Wolfradt,  von,  117. 
Wolfram,  G.,  221. 
Wolkart,  A.,  220. 
Wood,  E.  C,  31. 
Wood,  J.  M.,  145,173. 
Woolverton,  L.,  76. 
Wort  man  n,  J.,  118. 
Wrede,  123. 

Wright,  E.  P.,  141,  143. 
Wright,  H.,  78. 
Wright,  R.  P.,  141. 
Wiilknitz,  von,  115. 
Wuthrich,  E.,  218. 

Yagodin-Kuvshinov,  204. 
Yamanaka,  T.,  169. 
Yeoward,  D.,  144. 
Yermolow,  A.  S.,  185. 
Young,  C,  76. 
Yunge,  A.,  198. 

Zagey,  R.,  221. 
Zahn,  109. 
Zahn,  O.,  129. 
Zalka,  Z.,  151. 
Zanardelli,  158. 
Zande,  K.  H.  M.  van  der,  175. 
Zavitz,  C.  A.,  74,  75. 
Zecchini,  M.,  164. 
Zetterling,  L.  A.,  216. 
Zielstorff,  123. 
Zikes,  H.,  55. 
Zimmerman,  A.,  170. 
Zimmermann,  H.,  132. 
Zingenthal,  von,  120. 
Zirngiebel,  134. 
Zobl,  46. 

Zschokke,  T.,219. 


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